Recent Ventures in Interdisciplinary Arctic Research:The ARCPATH Project

This paper celebrates Professor Yongqi GAO's significant achievement in the field of interdisciplinary studies within the context of his final research project Arctic Climate Predictions: Pathways to Resilient Sustainable Societies-ARCPATH(https://www.svs.is/en/projects/finished-projects/arcpath). The disciplines represented in the project are related to climatology, anthropology, marine biology, economics, and the broad spectrum of social-ecological studies. Team members were drawn from the Nordic countries, Russia, China, the United States, and Canada. The project was transdisciplinary as well as interdisciplinary as it included collaboration with local knowledge holders. ARCPATH made significant contributions to Arctic research through an improved understanding of the mechanisms that drive climate variability in the Arctic. In tandem with this research, a combination of historical investigations and social, economic, and marine biological fieldwork was carried out for the project study areas of Iceland, Greenland, Norway, and the surrounding seas, with a focus on the joint use of ocean and sea-ice data as well as social-ecological drivers. ARCPATH was able to provide an improved framework for predicting the near-term variation of Arctic climate on spatial scales relevant to society, as well as evaluating possible related changes in socioeconomic realms. In summary, through the integration of information from several different disciplines and research approaches, ARCPATH served to create new and valuable knowledge on crucial issues, thus providing new pathways to action for Arctic communities.

Navigating interdisciplinary research:Historical progression and contemporary challenges

Interdisciplinary research plays a crucial role in addressing complex problems by integrating knowledge from multiple disciplines.This integration fosters innovative solutions and enhances understanding across various fields.This study explores the historical and sociological development of interdisciplinary research and maps its evolution through three distinct phases:pre-disciplinary,disciplinary,and post-disciplinary.It identifies key internal dynamics,such as disciplinary diversification,reorganization,and innovation,as primary drivers of this evolution.Additionally,this study highlights how external factors,particularly the urgency of World War II and the subsequent political and economic changes,have accelerated its advancement.The rise of interdisciplinary research has significantly reshaped traditional educational paradigms,promoting its integration across different educational levels.However,the inherent contradictions within interdisciplinary research present cognitive,emotional,and institutional challenges for researchers.Meanwhile,finding a balance between the breadth and depth of knowledge remains a critical challenge in interdisciplinary education.

博士后对学术职业环境满意吗?——基于Nature全球博士后调查数据比较分析

本研究基于已有成果,将博士后学术职业环境划分为学术资源、职业保障、组织管理、科研强度四个维度。利用2020年Nature全球博士后教育调查数据,通过比较分析博士后对学术职业环境的感知与评价。研究发现,相比较国外发达国家博士后而言,我国接近四成博士后对学术职业环境感到满意。为了优化博士后学术职业环境,大学需强化对博士后科研资金的支持力度,保障博士后科研参与机会,减少非学术事务对博士后科研时间的挤占,规范导师指导;大学不断调适大学基层学术组织治理模式,优化院系对博士后学术职业发展的组织支持与服务质量;大学与博士后建立稳定性雇佣关系,不断提升工资薪酬水平,疏通博士后学术职业晋升渠道,营造良好的工作环境;高校实行服务型、便捷式的科研管理方式,制定灵活多元的学术评价机制,破除博士后对“学术GDP主义”的崇拜。

The Alienation of Nature in Emily Dickinson’s Poems through the Prism of Taoism

In the poems created by the renowned American poet Emily Dickinson,those related to nature constitute a considerable proportion.However,Dickinson’s attitude toward nature is,in fact,contradictory.On the one hand,Dickinson perceives nature as gentle and kind,akin to a mother.Nature is regarded as“heaven”and embodies harmony.On the other hand,nature possesses its own operational principles and harbors inherent cruelty.According to Dickinson,humans should refrain from excessive interference in the natural order.This article attempts to analyze the similarities in attitude towards nature between Dickinson’s poetry and Taoist philosophy.

Problems and Development Suggestions of Nature Education in Jiangxi Province

The forest coverage rate of Jiangxi Province ranks second in China.It has rich natural resources,a long history of ancient color culture and rich red culture.In the development of nature education,Jiangxi Province has great potential and advantages.This paper introduces the development conditions of nature education in Jiangxi Province,summarizes the problems existing in the development of nature education in Jiangxi Province from the aspects of the types of nature education and the construction of nature education base,such as simple content and single form,imperfect infrastructure and lack of professionals,and puts forward some suggestions on the development of nature education in Jiangxi Province.

The Macrolichens of Barluk Mountain National Nature Reserve, Xinjiang Province, China

A checklist of the macrolichens (foliose, fruticose & squamulose) of Barluk Mountain National Nature Reserve located in northwestern China is presented. It was derived from 47 inventories of preserved and undeveloped areas which yielded more than 670 collections containing 102 taxa (99 species, 1 subspecies, 2 varieties). Eight species were found that were new to Xinjiang, China. Twenty-eight species and 2 varieties were found on rock, 31 species on bark of deciduous and coniferous trees, 26 species on soil and 14 species and 1 subspecies over mosses. Foliose lichens were dominant with 76 species, followed by 16 species of squamulose lichens and 7 species of fruticose lichens.

Exploration of Interdisciplinary Integration in Teaching Reform of Legal Studies and Auditing

This paper attempts to explore interdisciplinary integration from four aspects:the necessity of interdisciplinary integration between legal studies and auditing,the difficulties and challenges encountered in this integration,the ideas for teaching reform in the context of interdisciplinary integration,and the expected outcomes.The aim is to achieve an organic integration of legal studies and auditing through systematic teaching reforms,thereby providing students with comprehensive and integrated knowledge and skills training,ensuring the quality of talent cultivation,and adapting to the needs of social development.

Adaptive Network Sustainability and Defense Based on Artificial Bees Colony Optimization Algorithm for Nature Inspired Cyber Security

Cyber Defense is becoming a major issue for every organization to keep business continuity intact.The presented paper explores the effectiveness of a meta-heuristic optimization algorithm-Artificial Bees Colony Algorithm(ABC)as an Nature Inspired Cyber Security mechanism to achieve adaptive defense.It experiments on the Denial-Of-Service attack scenarios which involves limiting the traffic flow for each node.Businesses today have adapted their service distribution models to include the use of the Internet,allowing them to effectively manage and interact with their customer data.This shift has created an increased reliance on online services to store vast amounts of confidential customer data,meaning any disruption or outage of these services could be disastrous for the business,leaving them without the knowledge to serve their customers.Adversaries can exploit such an event to gain unauthorized access to the confidential data of the customers.The proposed algorithm utilizes an Adaptive Defense approach to continuously select nodes that could present characteristics of a probable malicious entity.For any changes in network parameters,the cluster of nodes is selected in the prepared solution set as a probable malicious node and the traffic rate with the ratio of packet delivery is managed with respect to the properties of normal nodes to deliver a disaster recovery plan for potential businesses.

《Nature》揭示:禁食机制下的脂肪依赖性肿瘤会消退

近日,一篇发表在《Nature》上的研究显示,研究发现了一种能让小鼠摆脱胰腺癌的新方法,该疗法通过抑制脂肪代谢,切断肿瘤的能量供应,只要小鼠持续遵循生酮饮食,肿瘤生长便会停滞。研究中,研究团队聚焦于机体在禁食状态下如何转向脂肪作为能源的问题。研究者发现直接关联到胰腺癌的生物学研究,首次揭示了真核生物翻译起始因子(eukaryotic translation initiation factor,eIF4E)在禁食期间如何调控机体代谢,使其从消耗碳水化合物转变为消耗脂肪。

《Nature》子刊:苏佳琪等开发基于牛奶的水凝胶,用作酒精中毒的解毒剂

近日,苏黎世联邦理工学院Raffaele Mezzenga、苏佳琪等人在《Nature》子刊《Nature Nanotechnology》上发表的一篇研究显示,该研究开发了一种口服的、基于牛奶蛋白的水凝胶——FeSA@FibBLG,或可作为急性酒精中毒的有效解毒剂,能够稳定耐受胃酸消化且持续显著降低酒精中毒小鼠血液中的酒精水平,同时避免额外积累有毒的乙醛,还可增强肝脏保护,并显著减轻肠道损伤和生态失调,强调了其作为酒精相关疾病的新疗法的潜力。

Nature’s Gift

NATURAL WONDERS IN CHINA AND AFRICA Qilian Mountains National Park Located in Northwest China’s Gansu and Qinghai provinces,Qilian Mountains National Park spans 50,200 square km,serving as a vital ecological security barrier and water source conservation area in west China.Established in 2017 to address ecosystem damage,intensive food chain protection and wildlife monitoring in the area began in early 2011.

Spatiotemporal Evolution of Ecological Quality in Alpine Freshwater Lake Nature Reserves in the Past 20 Years

The Caohai Nature Reserve is one of the three major plateau freshwater lakes in China.Since the 1950s,human activities such as land reclamation and population relocation have greatly damaged Caohai.A rapid evaluation of the spatiotemporal evolution trend of the ecological quality of the Caohai Nature Reserve is significant for the maintenance and construction of the ecosystem in this area.The research is based on the Google Earth Engine(GEE)remote sensing cloud computing platform.Landsat TM/OLI images from May to October in five time periods:2000-2002,2004-2006,2009-2011,2014-2016,and 2019-2021 were obtained to reconstruct the optimal cloud image set by averaging the images in each time period.By constructing four ecological indicators:Greenness(NDVI),Wetness(Wet),Hotness(LST),and Dryness(NDBSI),and using Principal Component Analysis(PCA)method to obtain the Remote Sensing Ecological Index(RSEI)for the corresponding years,the spatiotemporal variation of ecological quality in the Caohai Nature Reserve over 20 years was analyzed.The results indicate:①the mean value of RSEI increased from 0.460 in 2000-2002 to 0.772 in 2019-2021,a 67.83%increase,indicating a significant improvement in the ecological quality of the reserve over the 20 years;②from the perspective of functional zoning of the Caohai Nature Reserve,the ecological quality of the core area showed a degrading trend,while the ecological quality of the buffer zone and experimental zone significantly improved;③with the implementation of ecological restoration projects,the ecological quality of the reserve gradually recovered and improved from 2014 to 2021.The trend of RSEI value changes is well correlated with human interventions,indicating that the PCA-based RSEI model can be effectively used for ecological quality assessment in lake areas.

《Nature》:新开发的可穿戴超声贴片可连续、无创监测大脑血流

近日,一篇发表在《Nature》上的研究显示,研究人员开发出一种可穿戴超声贴片(wearable ultrasound patch),其可对大脑血流进行连续、无创的监测。该研究将贴片在36名健康志愿者身上进行了测试,以检验其测量脑部主要动脉血流速度(收缩期峰值、平均流速和舒张末期速度)的能力,发现测量结果与传统超声探头的测量结果非常吻合。

A Study of the People’s Nature in Woodcuts During the Anti-Japanese War in Shanxi

The anti-Japanese woodcuts focus on the red revolutionary culture and describe the connotation of the Anti-Japanese War era,which is self-evident in the commemorative value of China’s revolutionary struggle history.For example,in Shanxi,China,woodcut art activities and social practice promotion activities organized around the theme of the Anti-Japanese War are also everywhere,which all show the people’s nature of the Chinese people during the revolutionary struggle from the two aspects of the red culture of the Anti-Japanese War and traditional art and culture,and its humanistic connotation is quite profound.In this paper,we first introduce the historical origin of woodcut during the Anti-Japanese War,and then show the people’s value connotation of woodcut art activities in Shanxi.This paper mainly discusses the image narration,language and picture narration and construction significance of woodcuts in Shanxi’s War of Resistance,fully reveals the narrative nature of image media,strives to arouse people’s recognition of this period of Shanxi’s War of Resistance culture and history,and reflects the realistic value and significance of Shanxi’s War of Resistance Woodcuts art activities.

《Nature》:科学家发现能驱动患者狼疮发生的两种细胞缺陷

近日,一篇发表在《Nature》上的研究显示,研究发现了一种特殊的分子缺陷或会促进系统性红斑狼疮的病理性免疫反应,同时揭示了逆转这一缺陷或有望逆转疾病。该研究中,研究人员报道了驱动狼疮发生的新通路,研究者表示,患者体内血液中的多种分子都会发生疾病相关的改变,最终,这些变化会导致芳香烃受体(aryl hydrocarbon receptor,AHR)所控制的通路激活不足,AHR能调节细胞对环境污染物、细菌或代谢产物的反应。

“Eternal Motion” as a “Form of Movement of a Special Nature” and the Main Condition for the Creation of the Universe

The article hypothesizes that DE and DM (UCM) are a “Form of Motion of a Special Nature”, where “Form of Motion” means “Eternal Motion” as the power of dynamics of different levels and varying degrees of self-sufficiency, and by “Special Nature”, gravitational and two other properties of matter, “tied” to the “Eternal Movement” and completely dependent on it. Carriers of key properties of a “Special Nature” have been established: “0”-DE particles and “3”-DM particles (UDM). The unity of their inherent “motionally-gravitational” properties and the peculiarity of the relationship between “motion” and “gravity” are revealed: the higher the intensity of “Eternal Motion”, the stronger the gravitational properties of matter are manifested (and vice versa). The relationship of “time” with the “vibration frequency” and the “mass” of photons with the “degree of bonding and deformation properties of the field” is shown. The maximum level of gravity has been determined, which allows Nature to successfully create the Universe: such a landmark is the proximity to the property of the Primary Source—the “pure graviton” of the OSP space, the most powerful “motionally-gravitational” particle of the Universe. The reasons for the emergence of such an identity of the gravitational properties of particles with the indicators of a “pure graviton” are established: for “0”-DE particles, this is the acquisition of the function of “freedom of movement”;for “3”-DM particles (UDM), the creation of a special structure—a “double field” (“Main” and “Small”). The presence in the “double field” of specific “tools” for the creation of the worlds of the Universe—gravitational “waves” gives rise to impulses (shocks) of varying intensity and shape. A list of functions performed by “waves” in the “Main” and “Small” fields has been compiled. The specific conditions for the formation of “UDM Streams”, their transformation into a “Vortex” and, under the influence of a powerful Initial Impulse (push), sending them to the “place” of the creation of galaxies, are shown. It is suggested that there is a “Cycle of Matter in Nature” in the closed structure of our Universe due to the “work” of “waves” and the functioning of special “factories” in the form of exotic space objects—Black holes.

腰椎“内聚式”对称减压人工诱导突出椎间盘自然回缩的减压机制

背景:腰椎间盘突出症传统手术通过“环”神经广泛式切除进行减压及摘除突出腰椎间盘,存在神经损伤造成瘫痪、腰椎失稳、突出复发、椎间隙感染以及邻椎病等多种风险及并发症。目的:提出腰椎“内聚式”对称减压人工诱导突出椎间盘自然回缩术,观察这种新术式的人工诱导突出椎间盘自然吸收现象及早期临床疗效,并分析其减压机制。方法:纳入2021年3月至2023年5月郑州大学第一附属医院骨科收治的腰椎间盘突出患者214例,其中对照组81例行保守治疗,试验组133例接受腰椎“内聚式”对称减压人工诱导突出椎间盘自然回缩术治疗。试验组术前、术后即刻(7-14 d)及术后早期(1年以上)分别使用MRI图像测量腰椎间盘突出的体积变化,CT图像测量腰椎棘突韧带复合体后移距离以及侧隐窝宽度和高度,日本骨科学会评分评估患者神经功能恢复情况。结果与结论:(1)对照组:保守治疗81例腰椎间盘突出患者共171个突出腰椎间盘,平均随访时间(22.7±23.1)个月;171个突出腰椎间盘就诊时及末次随访MRI测量突出腰椎间盘体积分别为(551.6±257.9)mm3和(792.2±330.4)mm3,体积平均增大率为(53.2±44.4)%,差异有显著性意义(P<0.001);171个突出腰椎间盘中有4个发生了自然回缩现象,吸收比为2.3%(4/171),吸收率为(24.5±9.9)%。(2)试验组:133例腰椎间盘突出患者共285个突出腰椎间盘。①术后即刻:所有患者均完成术后即刻随访,285个突出腰椎间盘中有229个发生回缩,吸收比为80.3%(229/285),平均吸收率为(21.5±20.9)%,显著及完全吸收占6.5%;上腰椎共70个突出腰椎间盘,吸收比为85.7%(60/70),平均吸收率为(23.1±19.5)%,最大吸收率为86.6%;下腰椎共215个突出腰椎间盘,吸收比为78.6%(169/215),平均吸收率为(21.0±21.3)%,最大吸收率为83.2%;上腰椎与下腰椎显著及完全吸收分别占5.7%和6.5%,无统计学差异(P>0.05);术后即刻棘突韧带复合体后移平均距离为(5.2±2.8)mm;术前和术后即刻相比,左侧、右侧侧隐窝的宽度、高度均无统计学差异(P>0.05);术后即刻日本骨科学会评分由术前(10.1±3.4)分提升至(17.0±4.8)分,术后即刻有效率达95.6%;②术后早期:其中46例患者完成术后早期随访,共101个突出腰椎间盘,吸收比为94%(95/101),平均吸收率为(36.9±23.7)%,显著及完全吸收占30.6%,最大吸收率为100%;101个突出腰椎间盘中有3个体积未发生变化,体积不变率为2.97%(3/101);101个突出腰椎间盘有3个突出椎间盘体积增大,增大比为2.97%(3/101),增大率为(18.5±18.4)%;日本骨科学会评分由术前(9.3±5.1)分提升至(23.5±4.0)分,优良率达93.4%。(3)对照组和试验组术后早期突出腰椎间盘吸收比分别为2.3%及85.9%,差异有显著性意义(P<0.001)。(4)并发症:试验组有2例发生切口渗液,延迟愈合,经换药等保守治疗切口愈合,且该组未发生神经损伤或死亡,也未再行二次手术。(5)结果显示,腰椎“内聚式”对称减压人工诱导突出椎间盘自然回缩术是一种可避免“环”神经广泛切除且可获得满意早期临床疗效的治疗腰椎间盘突出的新方法,不破坏腰椎关节突关节,也不改变侧隐窝基本解剖结构,完整保留突出腰椎间盘并可诱导其发生显著甚至完全的人工诱导突出椎间盘自然吸收;腰椎“内聚式”对称减压人工诱导突出椎间盘自然回缩术为腰椎间盘突出症的临床治疗提供了新的依据和方法。

从近年PNAS,Nature,Science发表的涉及地衣的文章看地衣学进展

通过分析近10年在PNAS,Nature及Science上发表的涉及地衣的文章,并结合相关文献,总结了当前地衣学研究的主要方面及重要进展。对地衣化石、共生进化、系统发育、共生藻、功能遗传学、地衣生殖及生态生理学等领域取得的成果进行了概述,同时展望了中国地衣学研究的发展前景。

不公平游戏:“两栖”SCI刊物如何操弄影响因子--Nature实证研究之四

本文结合当今风靡全球的期刊影响力评价指标"影响因子",在实证基础上对Nature从大众科普杂志向"两栖"杂志转变的历史过程进行了考察,揭示了Nature等杂志如何将"两栖化"变成提升影响因子的捷径和扩大商业价值的手段。

数字出版与高校图书馆的应对——对Springer Nature集团和剑桥大学图书馆的调查

在新技术环境下,出版商和图书馆都在发生深刻变革。研究数字出版及其对图书馆的影响,有助于出版商和图书馆适应变化,应对变革,寻求新的发展机遇。文章采用实地调研方法,获取Springer Nature集团和剑桥大学图书馆在新环境下开展的研究和实践,分析Springer Nature集团在开放数据、开放图书和开放政策方面的研究和举措梳理剑桥大学图书馆在资源建设、服务以及馆员结构等方面的变化。研究表明:出版机构与图书馆是具有竞争与合作关系的利益共同体,需要共同探寻新的业务布局与体系结构。