Head-on collision of ring dark solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates

The ring dark solitons and their head-on collisions in a Bose-Einstein condensates with thin disc-shaped potential are studied. It is shown that the system admits a solution with two concentric ring solitons, one moving inwards and the other moving outwards, which in small-amplitude limit, are described by the two cylindrical KdV equations in the respective reference frames. By using the extended Poincaré-Lighthill-Kuo perturbation method, the analytical phase shifts following the head-on collisions between two ring dark solitary waves are derived. It is shown that the phase shifts decrease with the radial coordinate r according to the r-1/3 law and depend on the initial soliton amplitude and radius.

Generating periodic interference in Bose–Einstein condensates

The interference between two condensates with repulsive interaction is investigated numerically by solving the onedimensional time-dependent Gross–Pitaevskii equation.The periodic interference pattern forms in two condensates,which are prepared in a double-well potential consisting of two truncated harmonic wells centered at different positions.Dark solitons are observed when two condensates overlap.Due to the existence of atom–atom interactions,atoms are transferred among the ground state and the excited states,which coincides with the condensate energy change.

Propagation of dark soliton interacting with domain wall in two immiscible Bose–Einstein condensates

Reflection and transmission are two behaviors of wave propagating to an interface. The immiscible binary mixtures of Bose–Einstein condensates can form the symmetry-breaking state, in which the domain wall on the center can serve as the interface. In this study, we explore in detail the propagation of a dark soliton interacting with the domain wall in the harmonic trap. We find that the low-energy dark soliton is easy to form the transmission and the high-energy dark soliton trends to reflect from the domain wall. Both reflection and transmission of dark soliton on the domain wall induce the sound radiation. But the sound radiation in the reflection derives from the collective oscillation of condensates, and it in the transmission comes not only from the collective oscillation, but also from the condensate filling in the dark soliton.

Effects of periodic optical lattice potential on dark solitons in a Bose Einstein condensate

This paper investigates the dynamics of dark solitons in a Bose-Einstein condensate with a magnetic trap and an optical lattice （OL） trap, and analyses the effects of the periodic OL potential on the dynamics by applying the variational approach based on the renormalized integrals of motion. The results show that the dark soliton becomes only a standing-wave and free propagation of the dark soliton is not possible when the periodic length of the OL potential is approximately equal to the effective width of the dark soliton. When the periodic length is very small or very large, the effects of the OL potential on the dark soliton will be sharply reduced. Finally, the numerical results confirm these theoretical findings.

Bright and dark soliton solutions in growing Bose-Einstein condensates

This paper develops the Hirota method carefully for applying into the growing model of quasi-one-dimensional Bose Einstein condensations with attractive and repulsive interaction, respectively. After a tedious calculation it obtains the exact bright and dark soliton solutions analytically. It shows that the growing model has the important effect on the soliton amplitude and the time-dependent potential only contributes to the phase and phase velocity. A detailed analysis for the asymptotic behaviour of two-soliton solutions shows that the collision of two soliton is elastic.

Dark soliton in one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate under a periodic perturbation of trap

The perturbation of a confining trap leads to the collective oscillation of a Bose-Einstein condensate, thereby the propagation of a dark soliton in the condensate is affected. In this study, periodic perturbation is employed to match the soliton oscillation. We find that the soliton dynamics depends sensitively on the coupling between the moving direction of the trap and that of the soliton. The soliton energy/depth evolves periodically, and a relevant shift in the soliton trajectory occurs as compared with the unperturbed case. Overall, the soliton oscillation frequency changes little even if the perturbation amplitude and frequency vary.

Effects of localized impurity on a dark soliton in a Bose-Einstein condensate with an external magnetic trap

The dynamics of a dark soliton has been investigated in a Bose Einstein condensate with an external magnetic trap, and the effects of localized impurity on the dynamics are discussed by the variational approach based on the renormalized integrals of motion. The reciprocal movement of the dark soliton is discussed by performing a standard linear analysis, and it is found that the effects of the localized impurity depend strictly on the positive or negative value of the impurity strength corresponding to the repulsive or attractive impurity. The numerical results confirm the theoretical analysis, and show that the effects also depend on the effective nonlinear coefficient and the harmonic frequency.

Interference properties of two-component matter wave solitons

Wave properties of solitons in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate are investigated in detail.We demonstrate that dark solitons in one of components admit interference and tunneling behavior,in sharp contrast to the scalar dark solitons and vector dark solitons.Analytic analyses of interference properties show that spatial interference patterns are determined by the relative velocity of solitons,while temporal interference patterns depend on the velocities and widths of two solitons,differing from the interference properties of scalar bright solitons.Especially,for an attractive interactions system,we show that interference effects between the two dark solitons can induce some short-time density humps(whose densities are higher than background density).Moreover,the maximum hump value is remarkably sensitive to the variation of the solitons'parameters.For a repulsive interactions system,the temporal-spatial interference periods of dark-bright solitons have lower limits.Numerical simulation results suggest that interference patterns for the dark-bright solitons are more robust against noises than bright-dark solitons.These explicit interference properties can be used to measure the velocities and widths of solitons.It is expected that these interference behaviors can be observed experimentally and can be used to design matter wave soliton interferometer in vector systems.

Control of soliton characteristics of the condensate by an arbitrary x-dependent external potential

This paper presents a family of soliton solutions of the one-dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger equation which describes the dynamics of the dark solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates with an arbitrary x-dependent external potential. The obtained results show that the external potential has an important effect on the dark soliton dynamical characteristics of the condensates. The amplitude, width, and velocity of the output soliton are relative to the source position of the external potential. The smaller the amplitude of the soliton is, the narrower its width is, and the slower the soiiton propagates. The collision of two dark solitons is nearly elastic .

Dynamics and formation of vortices collapsed from ring dark solitons in a two-dimensional spin–orbit coupled Bose–Einstein condensate

We consider the dynamics and formation of vortices from ring dark solitons in a two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate with the Rashba spin–orbit coupling based on the time-dependent coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equation.Compared with previous results,the system exhibits complex dynamical behaviors in the presence of the spin–orbit coupling.With the modulation of the spin–orbit coupling,not only the lifetime of ring dark solitons is greatly prolonged,but also their attenuation kinetics is significantly affected.For two shallow ring dark solitons with the equal strength of the spin–orbit coupling,the radius of ring dark solitons increases to a maximum value over time and then shrinks into a minimum value.Due to the effect of the snake instability,ring dark solitons split into a series of ring-like clusters of vortex pairs,which perform complex oscillations.This indicates that the system is strongly dependent on the presence of the spin–orbit coupling.Furthermore,the effect of different initial modulation depths on the dynamics of ring dark solitons is investigated.

Gap-type dark localized modes in a Bose-Einstein condensate with optical lattices

Bose-Einstein condensate(BEC)exhibits a variety of fascinating and unexpected macroscopic phenomena,and has attracted sustained attention in recent years-particularly in the field of solitons and associated nonlinear phenomena.Meanwhile,optical lattices have emerged as a versatile toolbox for understanding the properties and controlling the dynamics of BEC,among which the realization of bright gap solitons is an iconic result.However,the dark gap solitons are still experimentally unproven,and their properties in more than one dimension remain unknown.In light of this,we describe,numerically and theoretically,the formation and stability properties of gap-type dark localized modes in the context of ultracold atoms trapped in optical lattices.Two kinds of stable dark localized modes-gap solitons and soliton clusters-are predicted in both the one-and two-dimensional geometries.The vortical counterparts of both modes are also constructed in two dimensions.A unique feature is the existence of a nonlinear Bloch-wave background on which all above gap modes are situated.By employing linear-stability analysis and direct simulations,stability regions of the predicted modes are obtained.Our results offer the possibility of observing dark gap localized structures with cutting-edge techniques in ultracold atoms experiments and beyond,including in optics with photonic crystals and lattices.

具有三体作用的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚暗孤子的演化(英文)

运用变分法研究了具有三体作用的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚暗孤子的演化特性,分析了调谐囚禁电势对暗孤子运动的影响。结果表明,囚禁在调谐势阱中的暗孤子将振动,势阱强度和三体作用的符号影响了暗孤子的演化,并改变了BEG系统的振动特性。

玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体中暗孤子动力学研究

文章从侦测暗孤子能量的角度,全面介绍了玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体中暗孤子发生声波辐射以及与声波相互作用的动力学行为.虽然暗孤子-声波相互作用导致暗孤子能量变化,暗孤子在简谐势阱中,以及简谐势阱受到扰动时,都具有类似粒子运动的动力学行为.考虑Rabi耦合时,暗孤子还可以转化为稳定传播的矢量暗孤子.文章对玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体中暗孤子动力学研究的进行全面总结,将加深人们对暗孤子现象的认识.此外,类似暗孤子-声波相互作用的行为,也将出现在其他孤子动力学研究中.

玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中的环状暗孤子动力学

环状暗孤子最早是在非线性光学系统中理论预言并实验实现的一种二维孤子类型.跟通常的二维孤子(如条纹孤子)相比,环状暗孤子具有更好的稳定性和更加丰富的动力学行为.玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚由于其高度可调控性为研究环状暗孤子提供了一个全新的平台.本文结合玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚和孤子研究的现状,综述玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中环状暗孤子的解析解、稳定性调控及其衰变动力学等方面的研究进展.首先介绍了一套变换方法将均匀系统中非线性系数不随时间变化的环状暗孤子解析解推广到谐振子外势下非线性系数随时间变化的环状暗孤子解析解;然后讨论在形变扰动下环状暗孤子的稳定性相图,并介绍了如何利用周期调制的非线性来增强环状暗孤子的稳定性;此外,还重点讨论了环状暗孤子衰变导致的涡旋极子动力学以及斑图形成.

三维复合势下的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚暗孤子结构及操控

基于二维抛物势、一维光晶格势和二维高斯势所组成的复合势,讨论了一个具有层状结构并带有增益的三维玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚暗孤子结构.应用能量泛函和直接数值仿真,得到了暗孤子结构在关键参量空间中的稳定性区域,并分析了暗孤子结构的动力学性质.结果发现:在线性增益的作用下,暗孤子结构的振幅和脉宽实现了同步变化,这为通过增益调制来控制物质波孤子的动力学行为提供了一种思路.而且,对不同原子数比例下的暗孤子结构的中心位置进行了成功操控,这将对量子信息的存储和处理起到一定的理论指导作用.

复合势下三维旋量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚暗孤子及其自旋纹理

为了充分揭示复合势下三维旋量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚暗孤子的动力学性质及自旋纹理结构,运用能量泛函方法和直接数值仿真耦合Gross-Pitaevskii方程组,在三维抛物势和二维高斯势组成的复合势下构造了多种带有不同拓扑结构因子稳定的自旋为1的三维铁磁态旋量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚暗孤子,并分析了它们的动力学特性.选择其中一种暗孤子作为例子,分析了其在关键参量空间中的稳定性,得到了稳定性区域.然后通过计算暗孤子的自旋密度矢量,得到了指向自旋消失圆的三维环形自旋纹理结构和自旋密度矢量大小随空间变化的分布.这为更好地理解玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的磁性性质提供了帮助,也为实验上实现三维旋量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚暗孤子提供了理论依据.

准二维凝聚体中暗孤子环的动力学演化

发展多重尺度方法,解析研究了准二维凝聚体中孤子的动力学行为.当原子间为相互排斥作用时,凝聚体中可观察到暗孤子.计算表明,该暗孤子不稳定,将随时间演化成幅度较小的暗孤子环.特别是,所形成的暗孤子环被表明具有动力学稳定性.

计及两体和三体作用下的二维凝聚体中的孤子特性

使用多重尺度法,解析地研究计及粒子间两体和三体同时作用下二维凝聚体中孤子的特性.结果发现,当凝聚体粒子间两体作用为排斥、三体作用为吸引时,凝聚体内会产生暗孤子环,且随着三体吸引作用的减弱,暗孤子环中心峰的高度逐渐降低,并当三体吸引作用消失时暗孤子环演化为一个完美的二维暗孤子.当两体和三体作用均为排斥时,凝聚体中的暗孤子的宽度和幅度随着三体排斥作用的加强而减小,且当三体作用强度增加到与两体作用同一数量级时,凝聚体产生坍塌现象.