To study the indoor air qualities（IAQ）of large commercial office buildings in Hunan province of China and the corresponding improvement methods,the IAQ of a large commercial office building in Changsha in July,2008,...To study the indoor air qualities（IAQ）of large commercial office buildings in Hunan province of China and the corresponding improvement methods,the IAQ of a large commercial office building in Changsha in July,2008,is investigated.A questionnaire survey and field tests are used to collect data.According to the data of twelve rooms in this building,objective evaluation and the subjective evaluation of the IAQ are obtained.Almost all of the environmental parameters in these rooms basically meet the standards of the objective evaluation.But the average concentration of carbon dioxide in most rooms cannot reach the value of the cleanliness standards,1 255 mg/m^3.The average acceptability of the IAQ in these rooms is 71%,which is lower than the value of the ASHRAE 55—1992 standards,80%.The proper increase in the wind speed and the indoor fresh air supply can greatly improve the objective evaluation and the subjective evaluation of the IAQ.展开更多
Air pollution induces significant health risks to individuals exposed to high levels of pollutants concentration. For ground vehicles, pollutants infiltrate the car cabin through the ventilation system, leading to pot...Air pollution induces significant health risks to individuals exposed to high levels of pollutants concentration. For ground vehicles, pollutants infiltrate the car cabin through the ventilation system, leading to potential health issues. To address this problem, a project was undertaken to develop a protocol for characterizing in-cabin air quality. The study involved a closed chamber (the bubble) where its internal multiphase flow has been optimized to create controlled polluted atmospheres. Experiments were conducted to optimize the positioning of the stirring fan and particle generation source, ensuring a homogeneous distribution of fine and ultrafine particles. This study demonstrated the feasibility of implementing a platform dedicated to characterizing the vehicles’ in-cabin air quality under controlled conditions. It allows a better understanding of the dynamics of particle infiltration and the establishment of an optimized protocol for simultaneous measurements of indoor and outdoor concentrations.展开更多
Besides the need for low-cost instruments for air pollution measurement and detection,nowadays there are many concerns about air pollution due to the fast changes and used technologies.This research was applied using ...Besides the need for low-cost instruments for air pollution measurement and detection,nowadays there are many concerns about air pollution due to the fast changes and used technologies.This research was applied using an MQ2 gas detector,and microcontroller/Arduino-Uno.The design steps included bonding and connecting readymade sensors,coding,and finally testing the device.Testing has been conducted in Environment and Pollution Engineering Department laboratories,at the Technical Engineering College of Kirkuk.This study proposed the use of an MQ2 sensor for multi-gas rate detection which can exist indoors.The system uses also a DHT22 sensor for measuring environment temperature and humidity.The sensors are connected to Arduino and LCD to present data on LCD by powering the system with external power.Overall,the testing was conducted,and the device served as a measuring tool for indoor air as an accurate multi-gas rate detector.展开更多
Indoor Air Quality(IAQ)has been an area of growing concern with the increasing knowledge of health hazards associated with contaminants,particularly in high occupancy buildings where residents may be exposed to high l...Indoor Air Quality(IAQ)has been an area of growing concern with the increasing knowledge of health hazards associated with contaminants,particularly in high occupancy buildings where residents may be exposed to high levels of nuisance dust and other contaminants.Leadership and Energy in Environmental Design(LEED®)certification,which is awarded to buildings that prioritize sustainability and efficient resource use,has been increasingly sought in new construction.As LEED-certified buildings become more commonplace,it is worthwhile to consider whether these new building practices improve IAQ for its occupants.This study compares particulate matter(PM)concentrations in 12 LEED-certified buildings to 12 analogous non-LEED certified buildings on the University of Utah campus.Real-time air sampling was conducted in each building for PM measurements and a Wilcoxon signed rank test was conducted to compare PM levels.A statistically significant difference was found between LEED certification and PM concentrations,with LEED-certified buildings containing,on average,approximately half the PM of their non-LEED counterparts.These findings suggest that LEED certification is worth the financial investment,as it may lead to improved IAQ for residents.However,further research on other contaminants is warranted,including the characterization and comparison of formaldehyde and carbon dioxide levels.展开更多
From the view of both objective and subjective factors,the indoor air quality(IAQ)evaluation was considered.Carbon dioxide(CO2)and formaldehyde(HCHO)were selected as the typical contaminants of indoor air,and the eval...From the view of both objective and subjective factors,the indoor air quality(IAQ)evaluation was considered.Carbon dioxide(CO2)and formaldehyde(HCHO)were selected as the typical contaminants of indoor air,and the evaluation method of logarithmic index was adopted as the evaluation means of IAQ.Then the recommended limits(RL)of typical contaminants CO2 and HCHO were given through analysis and calculation.The limits of CO2 and HCHO in Indoor Air Quality Standard of China or other existing standards probably correspond to the level of PD=25(%).The result shows that the existing standards fail to meet the requirement of the definition of "acceptable indoor air quality",that is to say,less than 20% of the people express dissatisfaction.When PD=20%,RL of CO2 and HCHO are 728×10-6 and 0.068×10-6 respectively,which are stricter than the limits in the existing standards.The method proposed in this paper is applicable to 13.1%≤PD≤86.7%.展开更多
文章分析了空调系统的污染对室内IAQ(Indoors Air Quality)的影响程度,指出随着其它污染源被控制,其影响将更加突出;分析了空调系统各部件污染的成因,以及这些污染对IAQ的影响。根据国内外相关文献,结合空调系统设计运行情况和工作实践...文章分析了空调系统的污染对室内IAQ(Indoors Air Quality)的影响程度,指出随着其它污染源被控制,其影响将更加突出;分析了空调系统各部件污染的成因,以及这些污染对IAQ的影响。根据国内外相关文献,结合空调系统设计运行情况和工作实践,提出防止空调系统污染的措施。展开更多
The necessity and feasibility of the use of the personalized ventilation（PV）technology in a toll booth is described.First,the indoor environment of the toll booth equipped with a PV system is analyzed.Based on the a...The necessity and feasibility of the use of the personalized ventilation（PV）technology in a toll booth is described.First,the indoor environment of the toll booth equipped with a PV system is analyzed.Based on the analysis results,a set of equipment for controlling the indoor air quality（IAQ）of the toll booth is devised.Then,a full-scale model of the toll booth is set up in the laboratory.The airflow organization,the optimum operation parameters,and the restraint effects of the PV system on pollution are also experimentally studied.The experimental results on the air supply characteristics show that the PV system can effectively reduce the air age,improve the ventilation efficiency,and enhance the comfort and acceptability of human beings.In addition,this system plays a significant role in preventing pollution.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50878078)
文摘To study the indoor air qualities（IAQ）of large commercial office buildings in Hunan province of China and the corresponding improvement methods,the IAQ of a large commercial office building in Changsha in July,2008,is investigated.A questionnaire survey and field tests are used to collect data.According to the data of twelve rooms in this building,objective evaluation and the subjective evaluation of the IAQ are obtained.Almost all of the environmental parameters in these rooms basically meet the standards of the objective evaluation.But the average concentration of carbon dioxide in most rooms cannot reach the value of the cleanliness standards,1 255 mg/m^3.The average acceptability of the IAQ in these rooms is 71%,which is lower than the value of the ASHRAE 55—1992 standards,80%.The proper increase in the wind speed and the indoor fresh air supply can greatly improve the objective evaluation and the subjective evaluation of the IAQ.
文摘Air pollution induces significant health risks to individuals exposed to high levels of pollutants concentration. For ground vehicles, pollutants infiltrate the car cabin through the ventilation system, leading to potential health issues. To address this problem, a project was undertaken to develop a protocol for characterizing in-cabin air quality. The study involved a closed chamber (the bubble) where its internal multiphase flow has been optimized to create controlled polluted atmospheres. Experiments were conducted to optimize the positioning of the stirring fan and particle generation source, ensuring a homogeneous distribution of fine and ultrafine particles. This study demonstrated the feasibility of implementing a platform dedicated to characterizing the vehicles’ in-cabin air quality under controlled conditions. It allows a better understanding of the dynamics of particle infiltration and the establishment of an optimized protocol for simultaneous measurements of indoor and outdoor concentrations.
文摘Besides the need for low-cost instruments for air pollution measurement and detection,nowadays there are many concerns about air pollution due to the fast changes and used technologies.This research was applied using an MQ2 gas detector,and microcontroller/Arduino-Uno.The design steps included bonding and connecting readymade sensors,coding,and finally testing the device.Testing has been conducted in Environment and Pollution Engineering Department laboratories,at the Technical Engineering College of Kirkuk.This study proposed the use of an MQ2 sensor for multi-gas rate detection which can exist indoors.The system uses also a DHT22 sensor for measuring environment temperature and humidity.The sensors are connected to Arduino and LCD to present data on LCD by powering the system with external power.Overall,the testing was conducted,and the device served as a measuring tool for indoor air as an accurate multi-gas rate detector.
文摘Indoor Air Quality(IAQ)has been an area of growing concern with the increasing knowledge of health hazards associated with contaminants,particularly in high occupancy buildings where residents may be exposed to high levels of nuisance dust and other contaminants.Leadership and Energy in Environmental Design(LEED®)certification,which is awarded to buildings that prioritize sustainability and efficient resource use,has been increasingly sought in new construction.As LEED-certified buildings become more commonplace,it is worthwhile to consider whether these new building practices improve IAQ for its occupants.This study compares particulate matter(PM)concentrations in 12 LEED-certified buildings to 12 analogous non-LEED certified buildings on the University of Utah campus.Real-time air sampling was conducted in each building for PM measurements and a Wilcoxon signed rank test was conducted to compare PM levels.A statistically significant difference was found between LEED certification and PM concentrations,with LEED-certified buildings containing,on average,approximately half the PM of their non-LEED counterparts.These findings suggest that LEED certification is worth the financial investment,as it may lead to improved IAQ for residents.However,further research on other contaminants is warranted,including the characterization and comparison of formaldehyde and carbon dioxide levels.
文摘From the view of both objective and subjective factors,the indoor air quality(IAQ)evaluation was considered.Carbon dioxide(CO2)and formaldehyde(HCHO)were selected as the typical contaminants of indoor air,and the evaluation method of logarithmic index was adopted as the evaluation means of IAQ.Then the recommended limits(RL)of typical contaminants CO2 and HCHO were given through analysis and calculation.The limits of CO2 and HCHO in Indoor Air Quality Standard of China or other existing standards probably correspond to the level of PD=25(%).The result shows that the existing standards fail to meet the requirement of the definition of "acceptable indoor air quality",that is to say,less than 20% of the people express dissatisfaction.When PD=20%,RL of CO2 and HCHO are 728×10-6 and 0.068×10-6 respectively,which are stricter than the limits in the existing standards.The method proposed in this paper is applicable to 13.1%≤PD≤86.7%.
文摘The necessity and feasibility of the use of the personalized ventilation（PV）technology in a toll booth is described.First,the indoor environment of the toll booth equipped with a PV system is analyzed.Based on the analysis results,a set of equipment for controlling the indoor air quality（IAQ）of the toll booth is devised.Then,a full-scale model of the toll booth is set up in the laboratory.The airflow organization,the optimum operation parameters,and the restraint effects of the PV system on pollution are also experimentally studied.The experimental results on the air supply characteristics show that the PV system can effectively reduce the air age,improve the ventilation efficiency,and enhance the comfort and acceptability of human beings.In addition,this system plays a significant role in preventing pollution.
