Pushover analysis of reinforced concrete frames considering shear failure at beam-column joints

Since most current seismic capacity evaluations of reinforced concrete （RC） frame structures are implemented by either static pushover analysis （PA） or dynamic time history analysis, with diverse settings of the plastic hinges （PHs） on such main structural components as columns, beams and walls, the complex behavior of shear failure at beam-column joints （BCJs） during major earthquakes is commonly neglected. This study proposes new nonlinear PA procedures that consider shear failure at BCJs and seek to assess the actual damage to RC structures. Based on the specifications of FEMA-356, a simplified joint model composed of two nonlinear cross struts placed diagonally over the location of the plastic hinge is established, allowing a sophisticated PA to be performed. To verify the validity of this method, the analytical results for the capacity curves and the failure mechanism derived from three different full-size RC frames are compared with the experimental measurements. By considering shear failure at BCJs, the proposed nonlinear analytical procedures can be used to estimate the structural behavior of RC frames, including seismic capacity and the progressive failure sequence of joints, in a precise and effective manner.

Seismic Behaviour of Beam-Column Joints of Precast and Partial Steel Reinforced Concrete

A beam-column joint of precast and partial steel reinforced concrete( PPSRC) is proposed for precast reinforced concrete frames. The PPSRC consists of partial steel and reinforced concrete. The partial steel is located in the core joint region and the connections between concrete members. This paper presents an experimental study of a series of PPSRC specimens. These specimens are tested under low cyclic loading.Experimental results demonstrate that the bearing capacity of the PPSRC specimens is 3 times that of the ordinary reinforced concrete( RC) beam-column joints. The strength and stiffness degradation rates are slower compared with that of the RC beam-column joints. In addition,the strength of the core joint region and the connections is higher than other parts of the PPSRC specimens. Beam failure occurs firstly for the PPSRC specimens,followed by column failure and connections failure. The failure of the core joint region occurs finally.Test results show that the seismic performance of the PPSRC is better than that of the ordinary RC beam-column joints.

Seismic performance of steel reinforced ultra high-strength concrete composite frame joints

To investigate the seismic performance of a composite frame comprised of steel reinforced ultra high-strength concrete （SRUHSC） columns and steel reinforced concrete （SRC） beams, six interior frame joint specimens were designed and tested under low cyclically lateral load. The effects of the axial load ratio and volumetric stirrup ratio were studied on the characteristics of the frame joint performance including crack pattern, failure mode, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, strength degradation and rigidity degradation. It was found that all joint specimens behaved in a ductile manner with flexural-shear failure in the joint core region while plastic hinges appeared at the beam ends. The ductility and energy absorption capacity of joints increased as the axial load ratio decreased and the volumetric stirIup ratio increased. The displacement ductility coefficient and equivalent damping coefficient of the joints fell between the corresponding coefficients of the steel reinforced concrete （SRC） frame joint and RC frame joint. The axial load ratio and volumetric stirrup ratio have less influence on the strength degradation and more influence on the stiffness degradation. The stiffness of the joint degrades more significantly for a low volumetric stirrup ratio and high axial load ratio. The characteristics obtained from the SRUHSC composite frame joint specimens with better seismic performance may be a useful reference in future engineering applications.

Seismic performance and global ductility of RC frames rehabilitated with retrofi tted joints by CFRP laminates

This paper presents a new FRP retrofi tting scheme to strengthen local beam-column joints in reinforced concrete(RC) frames.The new retrofi tting scheme was proposed following a preliminary study of four different existing retrofi tting schemes.A numerical simulation was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of FRP-strengthened reinforced concrete frames by bridging behavior of local joints to the whole structure.Local confi nement effects due to varying retrofi tting schemes in the joints were simulated in the frame model.The seismic behavior factor was used to evaluate the seismic performance of the strengthened RC frames.The results demonstrated that the new proposed retrofi tting scheme was robust and promising,and fi nite element analysis appropriately captured the strength and global ductility of the frame due to upgrading of the local joints.

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) for the Beam-Column Joint Subjected to Cyclic Loading Was Performed Using ANSYS

This paper analyses the seismic performance of exterior beam-column joints strengthened with unconventional reinforcement detailing. The beam-column joint specimens were tested with reverse cyclic loading applied at the beam end. The samples were divided into two groups based on the joint reinforcement detailing. The first group (Group A) of three non-ductility specimens had joint detailing in accordance with the construction code of practice in India IS456-2000, and the second group (Group B) of three ductility specimens had joint reinforcement detailed as per IS13920-1993, with similar axial load cases as the first group. The experimental studies are proven with the analytical studies carried out by finite element models using ANSYS. The results show that the hysteresis simulation is satisfactory for both un-strengthened and ferrocement strengthened specimens. Furthermore, when ferrocement strengthening is employed, the strengthened beam-column joints exhibit better structural performance than the un-strengthened specimens of about 31.56% and 38.98 for DD-T1 and DD-T2 respectively. The analytical shear strength predictions were in line with the test results reported in the literature, thus adding confidence to the validity of the proposed models.

Investigation of the interior RC beam-column joints under monotonic antisymmetrical load

The paper presents numerical findings of reinforced concrete interior beam-column joints under monotonic antisymmetrical load.The finite element models considered compression and tension damage were calibrated by test results in terms of the load-displacement,failure modes,and strains of longitudinal steel.The emphasis was put on studying the effects of hoop reinforcement ratio in joint core and the axial compression ratio on the responses of the joints.The results show that,in addition to the truss and strut-and-tie mechanisms,the confinement mechanism also existed in the joint core.A certain amount of stirrup is not only able to enhance the confinement in joint core,undertake a part of shear force and thus to increase the shear capacity,prevent the outward buckling of steel bars in column,improve the stress distribution in joint core,delay cracking and restrain the propagation of cracks,but also to increase the yield load,decrease the yield displacement of beam and improve the joint ductility.However,excessive horizontal stirrups contribute little to the joint performance.In a certain range,larger axial compression ratio is beneficial for the joint mechanical behavior,while it is negative when axial compression ratio is too large.

Study on Strengthening of RC Beam Column Joint Using Hybrid FRP Composites

Beam-Column joints are critical zones in reinforced concrete structures which are most vulnerable to earthquake forces. Hence strengthening beam-column joint is vital to save the structure and its inhabitants in case of seismic forces. Numerous retrofitting works using fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are being undertaken worldwide. This work aims to investigate the effectiveness of strengthening beam-column joints using natural and artificial fibres. In this study, basalt (natural fibres) as monolithic composite (BFRP) and as hybrid composite along with glass (artificial fibres) were used for strengthening of beam-column joints. Totally six specimens were prepared and tested under monotonic loading. Specimen details used were: two control specimen, two specimens for monolithic wrapping and remaining two specimens for hybrid wrapping. The test results were compared with control and rehabilitated specimens. The performance of the treated joints was studied using the following parameters: initial and ultimate cracking loads, energy absorption, deflection ductility and stiffness at ultimate. From the test results, it was found that the hybrid combination of Basalt and Glass FRPs were found to be more effective in the treatment of beam-column joints. The strong column weak beam concept was achieved by failure in beam portion which helped in preventing the catastrophic failure of the entire structure.

锂渣再生混凝土框架梁柱中节点抗裂计算

为研究锂渣再生混凝土梁柱节点的抗裂性能,对6个锂渣再生混凝土中节点进行抗震性能试验,分析了梁柱截面高度比、锂渣掺量、核心区配箍率等因素对节点抗裂性能的影响.结果表明:随着截面高度比的增大,梁柱节点的开裂荷载增大,在节点核心区配置箍筋可以削弱其影响,锂渣再生混凝土梁柱节点的开裂荷载随核心区的配筋率提高呈增大趋势,掺入适量锂渣可以提高试件的开裂荷载.最后基于普通混凝土节点开裂荷载计算公式,提出了锂渣再生混凝土梁柱节点抗裂承载力计算公式,试验值与理论值吻合较好.

基于靶标内点与边缘角点双重约束的激光雷达与相机联合标定

针对激光雷达与相机联合使用过程中存在的空间位姿不一致问题,提出一种基于靶标内点与边缘角点双重约束的激光雷达与相机联合标定方法。该方法以刚体变换作为二者之间的变换模型,以任意矩形作为靶标,通过RANSAC直线拟合获取交点以进一步获取靶标在图像中的角点,通过对原始点云进行分割与滤波操作后获得对应的靶标点云。获取靶标点云后,将其分为内点与边缘角点,并分别建立基于内点与边缘角点的损失函数模型,最后进行模型优化求解出最优配准参数。实验表明,在15 m~28 m范围内,三维点云的重投影准确率为94.67%,考虑到激光雷达本身的测量误差以及数据采集过程中靶标距离两传感器过远,该联合标定方法具有较高的准确性。

PEC柱-型钢梁框架异型内节点的抗剪性能试验研究

由于民用建筑外观及工业建筑生产工艺要求,部分包覆钢-混凝土结构因错位、变梁变柱等会形成异型内节点.为研究该类异型内节点的抗剪性能,以柱两侧梁错位高度、单侧梁截面高度增大等为变量参数,按1∶2缩尺比例设计制作了1个常规内节点和3个异型内节点模型试件,并完成低周往复荷载试验,分析了内节点的破坏形态、滞回耗能、承载能力、延性性能等指标.试验研究结果表明:各试件滞回曲线均呈现对称饱满的梭形;等效黏滞阻尼系数在0.598~0.618,位移延性系数在3.28~4.96,表现出良好的耗能性能及变形性能;因错位、变梁形成的异型内节点与常规内节点相比,承载力分别提升约6.1%、14.0%、15.0%;位移延性系数提升了约-26.6%、11.0%、-14.1%,延性性能规律不明显,耗能能力、强度和刚度退化变化不大;对于左右梁截面尺寸相同且完全错开(即错位高度大于梁高)的Ⅰ类异型内节点,可按T形边节点进行设计;基于节点域传力机理,建立了Ⅱ类异型内节点抗剪计算模型,并提出了抗剪承载力计算公式,试验结果与理论计算结果吻合较好.

中国古代建筑室内间缝装修形式对现代室内设计的启示研究

作为伴随着中国古代建筑本身的出现而产生的内檐装修有着悠久的历史和深刻的文化内涵,因此,充分理解古代建筑室内空间组织含义和原理,并按照当代人们的需求对其进行重新阐释就变得尤为必要。本文旨在通过对中国古代建筑内檐装修中室内间缝装修形式的研究,分析了古代建筑室内常见的几种装修手段及其在空间组织中的作用,并在此基础上,提炼其空间营造的思想内涵,从而为当今室内空间设计提供更多的理论支撑和实践方向。

钢筋混凝土框架异型中节点抗裂性能试验研究

通过6个钢筋混凝土框架异型中节点试件在低周反复荷载作用下的试验研究，分析了节点核心区尺寸、轴压比等因素对异型节点抗裂性能的影响。研究表明，异型节点初裂时斜裂缝主要出现在由小梁和上柱构成的小核心区，核心区开裂荷载约为50％～60％极限荷载，抗裂性能较常规节点劣化，初裂阶段的剪力基本由小核心区混凝土承担，合理增大轴压比可以提高异型节点的抗裂承载能力。异型中节点由于大小梁刚度不同，反复荷载下柱端轴压力会发生波动。通过理论分析推导出柱端轴压力影响系数“的计算表达式，在此基础上提出包含系数α的异型中节点抗裂承载力计算公式，并通过国内外12个异型节点试件的19组试验数据对其进行验证，吻合良好。

RC框架变梁变柱中节点抗裂性能试验

为了研究RC框架变梁变柱中节点的抗裂性能，进行了6个变梁变柱中节点试件在低周反复荷载作用下的拟静力试验，分析了节点核心区尺寸、轴压比等因素对异型中节点抗裂性能的影响。研究结果表明：异型节点初裂时斜裂缝主要出现在由小梁和上柱构成的小核心区，小核心区开裂荷载为极限荷载的50％～60％；抗裂性能较常规节点劣化，初裂阶段的剪力基本由小核心区混凝土承担，增大轴压比可以提高异型中节点的抗裂承载能力。提出的变梁变柱中节点抗裂承载力计算公式，可供结构工程设计时参考。

RC框架节点核芯区剪切破坏——抗震性能试验

通过2个梁端屈服后节点核芯区剪切破坏框架节点在低周反复荷载下的加载试验,研究了节点的破坏形态、承载能力、滞回特性和耗能能力。结果表明:节点经历了核芯区开裂、梁端屈服、核芯区通裂、剪切极限直至破坏的过程;在极限荷载时,节点核芯区剪切变形引起的梁端位移占梁端总位移的比例约30%;构件具有较强的耗能能力和变形能力,具有良好的抗震性能。

预制装配式部分钢骨混凝土框架梁柱中节点抗震性能试验研究

预制装配式混凝土结构的节点连接方式是目前解决该技术推广的重点问题.提出了预制装配式部分钢骨混凝土框架结构的概念,即把钢筋混凝土框架结构分解成柱预制构件和梁预制构件两个部分,只在构件连接区和梁柱核心区设置钢骨,钢骨在混凝土构件中不连续,连接区为无筋钢骨混凝土.开展了3个预制装配式部分钢骨混凝土框架中节点试件的低周往复试验,并与两个相同工况的钢筋混凝土框架中节点试件进行了对比.对2种形式5个试件的破坏规律、滞回曲线、承载能力、刚度退化及延性进行了分析,发现预制装配式部分钢骨混凝土试件的承载力是相同配筋的钢筋混凝土试件的3倍,承载力及刚度退化缓慢,延性和耗能能力较好,说明装配式连接节点的设计可靠、抗震性能好,符合强节点、弱构件的抗震设计理念,可用于预制装配式混凝土框架结构的现场装配施工.

低周反复荷载下再生混凝土框架中间节点的受力性能

对足尺的3个再生混凝土框架中间节点与1个普通混凝土节点进行低周反复荷载试验,主要目的为考查在低轴压比情况下再生混凝土节点发生粘结滑移破坏的可能性。各试件符合"强柱弱梁、强节点"的设计原则。结果表明,在低轴压比情况下,再生混凝土节点试件发生显著的粘结滑移,延性性能和耗能性能差,不能满足抗震设计的要求,而相应的普通混凝土节点实现了梁铰破坏机制,延性和耗能性能良好。为获得良好的抗震性能,应对再生混凝土节点区锚固进行合理设计,如采用可靠的机械锚固措施,建议进一步开展再生混凝土框架节点区粘结机理和锚固措施研究。

钢骨及纤维增强混凝土异形柱中节点滞回性能

通过进行往复荷载作用下的T形钢骨、槽型钢骨、聚丙烯纤维、钢纤维增强的混凝土异形柱中节点试验研究,分析不同改善措施对混凝土异形柱中节点滞回性能影响。研究结果表明:在混凝土异形柱中节点核心区加入T形钢骨、槽型钢骨或掺入聚丙烯纤维、钢纤维均能使混凝土异形柱中节点的承载能力得到提高,使中节点的滞回特性得到改善。四种改善措施均能提高混凝土异形柱中节点受剪承载力,其中加入钢骨对提高混凝土异形柱节点的受剪承载力效果优于加入纤维的。

梁高不等的混凝土中柱节点抗震性能

通过4个1/3比例变梁中节点试件的拟静力试验,分析了轴压比、配箍率等参数对该类异型节点抗震性能的影响;在试验研究的基础上,结合异型中节点左右梁高不等的特性,提出了等效斜压杆破坏机理。结果表明:异型节点通裂荷载与极限荷载接近,初裂出现在小梁上柱组成的小核心区,最终破坏区域主要发生在大梁下柱组成的大核心区;轴压比变化对异型节点抗震性能的影响不显著,增加核心区配箍率则可以增大节点组合体剪力,减小核心区裂缝间距和宽度,从而改善异型节点的抗震性能。

应变率对钢筋混凝土梁柱中节点动态性能影响的试验研究

受材料率敏感性的影响,钢筋混凝土构件具有率敏感效应。对三个钢筋混凝土梁柱中节点组合体抗震性能试验,采用位移控制方式加载,研究节点组合体裂缝发展、承载能力、变形能力等随加载速率的影响规律。研究结果表明:不同应变率作用下,节点组合体均发生弯剪破坏,但应变率提高后,节点组合体内的裂缝数量减少,裂缝分布更集中;节点组合体承载能力随应变率的提高而增大,受钢筋动态强度的影响,节点组合体屈服荷载较极限荷载增长更明显;相对低应变率作用,高应变率作用下节点组合体在破坏前的耗能增加;应变率提高后,节点组合体的刚度增大,但由于惯性力的影响,超过一定范围后,其刚度退化加剧,应变率提高对试件的刚度有不利影响;应变率提高后,黏结滑移更明显,但节点组合体的变形能力没有减弱。

纤维增强混凝土十字形柱中节点试验研究

本文通过对6个1/2缩尺的十字形柱中节点试件进行反复荷载试验,对比此类节点的破坏过程及破坏特点,分析滞回特征、位移延性、刚度退化、承载力、耗能能力,研究纤维对十字形柱中节点抗震性能的增强作用。试验研究表明:节点核心区使用纤维混凝土可以显著改善节点混凝土剥落状态、提高位移延性和承载力、减缓刚度退化。