Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a disorder of the cardiac muscle that affects patients with diabetes.The exact mechanisms underlying diabetic cardiomyopathy are mostly unknown,but several factors have been implicated in th...Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a disorder of the cardiac muscle that affects patients with diabetes.The exact mechanisms underlying diabetic cardiomyopathy are mostly unknown,but several factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease and its progression towards heart failure,including endothelial dysfunction,autonomic neuropathy,metabolic alterations,oxidative stress,and alterations in ion homeostasis,especially calcium transients[1].In Military Medical Research,Jiang et al.[2]sought to determine the functional role of complement factor D(Adipsin)in the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Dry eye is a common eye disease.Artificial tears supplements are widely used for the treatment of dry eyes.However,multiple adverse effects have been observed in patients receiving long-term treatment with ...BACKGROUND Dry eye is a common eye disease.Artificial tears supplements are widely used for the treatment of dry eyes.However,multiple adverse effects have been observed in patients receiving long-term treatment with artificial tears,which may affect the therapeutic effect.AIM To analyze the characteristics of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)levels in patients with dry eye and the therapeutic effect of artificial tears combined with cyclosporine A.METHODS A total of 124 dry eye patients treated at The First People’s Hospital of Xining from April 2020 to April 2022 were selected as the observation group,while 20 healthy individuals served as the control group during the same period.Levels of inflammatory markers,including IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α,were analyzed.The observation group was further divided into a study group and a control group,each consisting of 62 patients.The control group received artificial tears,whereas the study group received a combination of artificial tears and cyclosporine A.Inflammatory markers,Schirmer’s test(SIT),tear break-up time(TBUT),corneal fluorescein staining(CFS),National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25(NEI-VFQ-25)scores,and adverse events(AEs)were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The observation group exhibited significantly elevated serum levels of IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αin comparison to the healthy group.Following treatment,the study group demonstrated substantial reductions in IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αlevels relative to the control group.Moreover,after treatment,the study group experienced a marked decrease in CFS scores and significant increases in both SIT and BUT levels when compared to the control group.Additionally,significant improvements were observed in the primary symptom of dry eye and secondary symptoms such as photophobia,foreign body sensation,fatigue,red eye,and burning sensation within the study group.Furthermore,post-treatment NEI-VFQ-25 scores across all dimensions exhibited significant enhancements in the study group compared to the control group(P<0.05).It is noteworthy that significant AEs were reported in both groups throughout the treatment period.CONCLUSION Cyclosporine A combined with artificial tears is effective in treating dry eye,yielding enhanced outcomes by improving SIT and TBUT levels,reducing CFS scores,and ameliorating vision-related quality of life.展开更多
Gastrointestinal(GI)cancer is a malignancy arising in the digestive system and accounts for approximately a third of increasing global cancer-related mortality,especially in the colorectum,esophagus,stomach,and liver....Gastrointestinal(GI)cancer is a malignancy arising in the digestive system and accounts for approximately a third of increasing global cancer-related mortality,especially in the colorectum,esophagus,stomach,and liver.Interleukin-1β(IL-1β)is a leukocytic pyrogen recognized as a tumor progression-related cytokine.IL-1βsecretion and maturation in inflammatory responses could be regulated by nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent expression of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3,inflammasome formation,and activation of IL-1 converting enzyme.Several studies have documented the pro-tumorigenic effects of IL-1β in tumor microenvironments,promoting proliferation and metastatic potential of cancer cells in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo.The application of IL-1β inhibitors is also promising for targeted therapy development in some cancer types.However,as a leukocytic pro-inflammatory cytokine,IL-1β may also possess anti-tumorigenic effects and be type-specific in different cancers.This editorial discusses the up-to-date roles of IL-1β in GI cancers,including underlying mechanisms and down-stream signaling pathways.Understanding and clarifying the roles of IL-1β would significantly benefit future therapeutic targeting and help improve therapeutic outcomes in patients suffering from GI cancer.展开更多
Elevated intraocular pressure(IOP)is one of the causes of retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury,which results in NRP3 inflammasome activation and leads to visual damage.Homerla is repo rted to play a protective role in ...Elevated intraocular pressure(IOP)is one of the causes of retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury,which results in NRP3 inflammasome activation and leads to visual damage.Homerla is repo rted to play a protective role in neuroinflammation in the cerebrum.However,the effects of Homerla on NLRP3inflammasomes in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury caused by elevated IOP remain unknown.In our study,animal models we re constructed using C57BL/6J and Homer1^(flox/-)/Homerla^(+/-)/Nestin-Cre^(+/-)mice with elevated IOP-induced retinal ischemia/repe rfusion injury.For in vitro expe riments,the oxygen-glucose deprivation/repe rfusion injury model was constructed with M uller cells.We found that Homerla ove rexpression amelio rated the decreases in retinal thickness and Muller cell viability after ischemia/reperfusion injury.Furthermore,Homerla knockdown promoted NF-κB P65^(Ser536)activation via caspase-8,NF-κB P65 nuclear translocation,NLRP3 inflammasome formation,and the production and processing of interleukin-1βand inte rleukin-18.The opposite results we re observed with Homerla ove rexpression.Finally,the combined administration of Homerla protein and JSH-23 significantly inhibited the reduction in retinal thickness in Homer1^(flox/-)Homer1a^(+/-)/Nestin-Cre^(+/-)mice and apoptosis in M uller cells after ischemia/reperfusion injury.Taken together,these studies demonstrate that Homer1a exerts protective effects on retinal tissue and M uller cells via the caspase-8/NF-KB P65/NLRP3 pathway after I/R injury.展开更多
Spinal cord injury is a disabling condition with limited treatment options.Multiple studies have provided evidence suggesting that small extracellular vesicles(SEVs)secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)...Spinal cord injury is a disabling condition with limited treatment options.Multiple studies have provided evidence suggesting that small extracellular vesicles(SEVs)secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)help mediate the beneficial effects conferred by MSC transplantation following spinal cord injury.Strikingly,hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived SEVs(HSEVs)exhibit increased therapeutic potency.We thus explored the role of HSEVs in macrophage immune regulation after spinal cord injury in rats and their significance in spinal cord repair.SEVs or HSEVs were isolated from bone marrow MSC supernatants by density gradient ultracentrifugation.HSEV administration to rats via tail vein injection after spinal cord injury reduced the lesion area and attenuated spinal cord inflammation.HSEVs regulate macrophage polarization towards the M2 phenotype in vivo and in vitro.Micro RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses of SEVs and HSEVs revealed that mi R-146a-5p is a potent mediator of macrophage polarization that targets interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1.Reducing mi R-146a-5p expression in HSEVs partially attenuated macrophage polarization.Our data suggest that HSEVs attenuate spinal cord inflammation and injury in rats by transporting mi R-146a-5p,which alters macrophage polarization.This study provides new insights into the application of HSEVs as a therapeutic tool for spinal cord injury.展开更多
目的观察去泛素化酶Abraxas兄弟蛋白(ABRO1)对李斯特菌(LM)感染的小鼠单核巨噬细胞J774A.1白细胞介素(IL)-1β释放的影响,并探讨相关机制。方法培养J774A.1细胞,分别感染有李斯特菌溶血素O(LLO)的野生型LM菌株(野生型组)、敲除LLO的hly...目的观察去泛素化酶Abraxas兄弟蛋白(ABRO1)对李斯特菌(LM)感染的小鼠单核巨噬细胞J774A.1白细胞介素(IL)-1β释放的影响,并探讨相关机制。方法培养J774A.1细胞,分别感染有李斯特菌溶血素O(LLO)的野生型LM菌株(野生型组)、敲除LLO的hly基因缺失(Δhly)LM菌株(基因缺失组)及Δhly株回补hly基因的LM菌株(回补株组),采用Western blotting法检测ABRO1蛋白,ELISA法检测细胞培养液上清中的IL-1β。将J774A.1细胞分为NI组(未感染LM菌株)、WT组(感染WT LM菌株)与Δhly组(感染Δhly LM菌株),各组分别转染NC si RNA、ABRO1 si RNA,采用ELISA法检测细胞培养液上清中的IL-1β,采用Western blotting法检测炎症小体相关分子Caspase-1、p20(Caspase-1活化形式)、IL-1β、p17。结果随着感染时间延长,野生型组、回补株组ABRO1表达、IL-1β水平逐渐增高,在感染120 min达到最高、均高于基因缺失组(P均<0.05);基因缺失组不同时点ABRO1表达、IL-1β水平无明显变化。WT组转染ABRO1 si RNA的细胞培养液上清中IL-1β水平及p20、p17表达低于转染NC si RNA的细胞(P均<0.05);WT组转染NC si RNA的细胞培养液上清中IL-1β水平及p20、p17表达高于NI组(P均<0.05);Δhly组转染NC si RNA的细胞培养液上清中IL-1β水平及p20、p17表达低于WT组(P均<0.05)。结论李斯特菌感染的J774A.1细胞中ABRO1表达增高,下调ABRO1表达后,J774A.1细胞中IL-1β释放减少;LLO可能通过激活炎症小体从而促进LM感染诱导的IL-1β释放。展开更多
患者,男性,58岁,乙型肝炎后肝硬化失代偿期、2型糖尿病12年,近1个月再发腹胀、水肿,尿少入院。住院期间患者寒战、发热,取血标本进行培养,选用头孢哌酮/舒巴坦经验性抗感染治疗。确诊非O1/O139霍乱弧菌引起的血流感染,药敏试验提示头孢...患者,男性,58岁,乙型肝炎后肝硬化失代偿期、2型糖尿病12年,近1个月再发腹胀、水肿,尿少入院。住院期间患者寒战、发热,取血标本进行培养,选用头孢哌酮/舒巴坦经验性抗感染治疗。确诊非O1/O139霍乱弧菌引起的血流感染,药敏试验提示头孢哌酮/舒巴坦敏感后,继续使用当前药物,头孢哌酮/舒巴坦由3 g q12h改为3 g q8h治疗。10 d后患者无发热,血培养和粪便霍乱弧菌培养阴性,好转出院。展开更多
基金National Institutes of Health(NIH):National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute(NHLBI:R01-HL164772,R01-HL159062,R01-HL146691,T32-HL144456)National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases(NIDDK:R01-DK123259,R01-DK033823)+2 种基金National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences(NCATS:UL1-TR002556-06,UM1-TR004400)(to Gaetano Santulli)Diabetes Action Research and Education Foundation(to Gaetano Santulli)Monique Weill-Caulier and Irma T.Hirschl Trusts(to Gaetano Santulli).
文摘Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a disorder of the cardiac muscle that affects patients with diabetes.The exact mechanisms underlying diabetic cardiomyopathy are mostly unknown,but several factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease and its progression towards heart failure,including endothelial dysfunction,autonomic neuropathy,metabolic alterations,oxidative stress,and alterations in ion homeostasis,especially calcium transients[1].In Military Medical Research,Jiang et al.[2]sought to determine the functional role of complement factor D(Adipsin)in the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
文摘BACKGROUND Dry eye is a common eye disease.Artificial tears supplements are widely used for the treatment of dry eyes.However,multiple adverse effects have been observed in patients receiving long-term treatment with artificial tears,which may affect the therapeutic effect.AIM To analyze the characteristics of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-6(IL-6),and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)levels in patients with dry eye and the therapeutic effect of artificial tears combined with cyclosporine A.METHODS A total of 124 dry eye patients treated at The First People’s Hospital of Xining from April 2020 to April 2022 were selected as the observation group,while 20 healthy individuals served as the control group during the same period.Levels of inflammatory markers,including IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α,were analyzed.The observation group was further divided into a study group and a control group,each consisting of 62 patients.The control group received artificial tears,whereas the study group received a combination of artificial tears and cyclosporine A.Inflammatory markers,Schirmer’s test(SIT),tear break-up time(TBUT),corneal fluorescein staining(CFS),National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25(NEI-VFQ-25)scores,and adverse events(AEs)were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The observation group exhibited significantly elevated serum levels of IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αin comparison to the healthy group.Following treatment,the study group demonstrated substantial reductions in IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αlevels relative to the control group.Moreover,after treatment,the study group experienced a marked decrease in CFS scores and significant increases in both SIT and BUT levels when compared to the control group.Additionally,significant improvements were observed in the primary symptom of dry eye and secondary symptoms such as photophobia,foreign body sensation,fatigue,red eye,and burning sensation within the study group.Furthermore,post-treatment NEI-VFQ-25 scores across all dimensions exhibited significant enhancements in the study group compared to the control group(P<0.05).It is noteworthy that significant AEs were reported in both groups throughout the treatment period.CONCLUSION Cyclosporine A combined with artificial tears is effective in treating dry eye,yielding enhanced outcomes by improving SIT and TBUT levels,reducing CFS scores,and ameliorating vision-related quality of life.
基金Supported by National Research Council of Thailand,No.N41A640108Mekong-Lancang Cooperation Special Fund+1 种基金The Development and Promotion of Science and Technology Talents ProjectMinistry of Education,Science,Sports,and Culture of Japan,No.22K16327 and No.22K08482.
文摘Gastrointestinal(GI)cancer is a malignancy arising in the digestive system and accounts for approximately a third of increasing global cancer-related mortality,especially in the colorectum,esophagus,stomach,and liver.Interleukin-1β(IL-1β)is a leukocytic pyrogen recognized as a tumor progression-related cytokine.IL-1βsecretion and maturation in inflammatory responses could be regulated by nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent expression of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3,inflammasome formation,and activation of IL-1 converting enzyme.Several studies have documented the pro-tumorigenic effects of IL-1β in tumor microenvironments,promoting proliferation and metastatic potential of cancer cells in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo.The application of IL-1β inhibitors is also promising for targeted therapy development in some cancer types.However,as a leukocytic pro-inflammatory cytokine,IL-1β may also possess anti-tumorigenic effects and be type-specific in different cancers.This editorial discusses the up-to-date roles of IL-1β in GI cancers,including underlying mechanisms and down-stream signaling pathways.Understanding and clarifying the roles of IL-1β would significantly benefit future therapeutic targeting and help improve therapeutic outcomes in patients suffering from GI cancer.
基金supported by the Youth Development Project of Air Force Military Medical University,No.21 QNPY072Key Project of Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Basic Research Program,No.2023-JC-ZD-48(both to FF)。
文摘Elevated intraocular pressure(IOP)is one of the causes of retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury,which results in NRP3 inflammasome activation and leads to visual damage.Homerla is repo rted to play a protective role in neuroinflammation in the cerebrum.However,the effects of Homerla on NLRP3inflammasomes in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury caused by elevated IOP remain unknown.In our study,animal models we re constructed using C57BL/6J and Homer1^(flox/-)/Homerla^(+/-)/Nestin-Cre^(+/-)mice with elevated IOP-induced retinal ischemia/repe rfusion injury.For in vitro expe riments,the oxygen-glucose deprivation/repe rfusion injury model was constructed with M uller cells.We found that Homerla ove rexpression amelio rated the decreases in retinal thickness and Muller cell viability after ischemia/reperfusion injury.Furthermore,Homerla knockdown promoted NF-κB P65^(Ser536)activation via caspase-8,NF-κB P65 nuclear translocation,NLRP3 inflammasome formation,and the production and processing of interleukin-1βand inte rleukin-18.The opposite results we re observed with Homerla ove rexpression.Finally,the combined administration of Homerla protein and JSH-23 significantly inhibited the reduction in retinal thickness in Homer1^(flox/-)Homer1a^(+/-)/Nestin-Cre^(+/-)mice and apoptosis in M uller cells after ischemia/reperfusion injury.Taken together,these studies demonstrate that Homer1a exerts protective effects on retinal tissue and M uller cells via the caspase-8/NF-KB P65/NLRP3 pathway after I/R injury.
基金supported by the Fujian Minimally Invasive Medical Center Foundation,No.2128100514(to CC,CW,HX)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,No.2023J01640(to CC,CW,ZL,HX)。
文摘Spinal cord injury is a disabling condition with limited treatment options.Multiple studies have provided evidence suggesting that small extracellular vesicles(SEVs)secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)help mediate the beneficial effects conferred by MSC transplantation following spinal cord injury.Strikingly,hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived SEVs(HSEVs)exhibit increased therapeutic potency.We thus explored the role of HSEVs in macrophage immune regulation after spinal cord injury in rats and their significance in spinal cord repair.SEVs or HSEVs were isolated from bone marrow MSC supernatants by density gradient ultracentrifugation.HSEV administration to rats via tail vein injection after spinal cord injury reduced the lesion area and attenuated spinal cord inflammation.HSEVs regulate macrophage polarization towards the M2 phenotype in vivo and in vitro.Micro RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses of SEVs and HSEVs revealed that mi R-146a-5p is a potent mediator of macrophage polarization that targets interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1.Reducing mi R-146a-5p expression in HSEVs partially attenuated macrophage polarization.Our data suggest that HSEVs attenuate spinal cord inflammation and injury in rats by transporting mi R-146a-5p,which alters macrophage polarization.This study provides new insights into the application of HSEVs as a therapeutic tool for spinal cord injury.
文摘目的观察去泛素化酶Abraxas兄弟蛋白(ABRO1)对李斯特菌(LM)感染的小鼠单核巨噬细胞J774A.1白细胞介素(IL)-1β释放的影响,并探讨相关机制。方法培养J774A.1细胞,分别感染有李斯特菌溶血素O(LLO)的野生型LM菌株(野生型组)、敲除LLO的hly基因缺失(Δhly)LM菌株(基因缺失组)及Δhly株回补hly基因的LM菌株(回补株组),采用Western blotting法检测ABRO1蛋白,ELISA法检测细胞培养液上清中的IL-1β。将J774A.1细胞分为NI组(未感染LM菌株)、WT组(感染WT LM菌株)与Δhly组(感染Δhly LM菌株),各组分别转染NC si RNA、ABRO1 si RNA,采用ELISA法检测细胞培养液上清中的IL-1β,采用Western blotting法检测炎症小体相关分子Caspase-1、p20(Caspase-1活化形式)、IL-1β、p17。结果随着感染时间延长,野生型组、回补株组ABRO1表达、IL-1β水平逐渐增高,在感染120 min达到最高、均高于基因缺失组(P均<0.05);基因缺失组不同时点ABRO1表达、IL-1β水平无明显变化。WT组转染ABRO1 si RNA的细胞培养液上清中IL-1β水平及p20、p17表达低于转染NC si RNA的细胞(P均<0.05);WT组转染NC si RNA的细胞培养液上清中IL-1β水平及p20、p17表达高于NI组(P均<0.05);Δhly组转染NC si RNA的细胞培养液上清中IL-1β水平及p20、p17表达低于WT组(P均<0.05)。结论李斯特菌感染的J774A.1细胞中ABRO1表达增高,下调ABRO1表达后,J774A.1细胞中IL-1β释放减少;LLO可能通过激活炎症小体从而促进LM感染诱导的IL-1β释放。
文摘患者,男性,58岁,乙型肝炎后肝硬化失代偿期、2型糖尿病12年,近1个月再发腹胀、水肿,尿少入院。住院期间患者寒战、发热,取血标本进行培养,选用头孢哌酮/舒巴坦经验性抗感染治疗。确诊非O1/O139霍乱弧菌引起的血流感染,药敏试验提示头孢哌酮/舒巴坦敏感后,继续使用当前药物,头孢哌酮/舒巴坦由3 g q12h改为3 g q8h治疗。10 d后患者无发热,血培养和粪便霍乱弧菌培养阴性,好转出院。
