Association between Promoter Polymorphisms of Interleukin-4 Gene and Allergic Rhinitis Risk: a Meta-analysis

Summary： The relationship of interleukin-4 （IL-4） C-33T and C-590T （C-589T） gene polymorphisms with allergic rhinitis was analyzed. Data about the case control studies of IL-4 gene promoter polymorphisms [C-33T and C-590T （C-589T）] and their association with allergic diseases and correlation between serum IL-4 levels and allergic rhinitis were retrieved. The Stata 12.0 statistical soitvcare was applied to analyze the correlation between IL-4 gene polymorphisms and allergic rhinitis. The meta-analysis result of TT/CC genotype of -590 （-589） polymorphism showed a significant association with allergic diseases [OR=1.93, 95% CI （1.61 2.31）, P=0.00]. Meta-analysis of the TT＋TC versus CC genotype of IL-4 C-33/T polymorphism revealed significant associations with allergic diseases [OR=3.23, 95% CI （1.13-9.25）, P=0.03]. Meanwhile, there was a significant correlation between serum IL-4 levels and allergic rhinitis [OR=2.52, 95% CI-（1.80-3.23）, P=0.00]. IL-4 gene -590 TT genotype may increase the risk of allergic rhinitis and the T allele mutation of -33 might be correlated with aller- gic rhinitis.

The Relationship between Polymorphisms of Interleukin-4 Gene and Silicosis

Objective To explore the relationship between polymorphisms of interleukin-4 （IL-4） gene （-33, ＋45, intron3, ＋429, ＋448） and the susceptibility of silicosis. Methods A case-control study was carried out. 101 silicosis patients were selected as cases. As strictly matching, 121 of non silicosis workers were selected as the controls. The polymophisms of IL-4 （five locus） were detected by the method of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP） techniques. Results The GA genotype in the IL-4＋429 locus and the CC genotype in the IL-4＋448 locus were found. The frequencies ofAA, GG and AG of IL-4＋45 locus in the cases were 55.4%, 10.9%, and 33.7% and in the controls were 62.0%, 12.6%, and 26.4%. The differences between cases and controls were not significant. The frequencies of B1B1, B2B2, and B1B2 of intron3 VNTR locus in the cases were 73.3%, 1.0%, and 25.7% and in the controls were 68.6%, 1.7%, and 29.8%. The differences were not significant. The frequencies of TT, CC, and CT in -33 locus in the cases were 55.4%, 11.9%, and 32.7% and in the controls were 69.4%, 4.1%, and 26.4%. The differences were significant （P=0.034）. Conclusion The relationship between genetic polymorphism of IL-4-33 site and silicosis has been found and -33TT is a protective genotype for silicosis.

Production of interleukin-1β related to mammalian target of rapamycin/Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway during Aspergillus fumigatus infection of the mouse cornea

AIM：To elucidate the effect of rapamycin on regulating the production of interleukin（IL）-1β in Aspergillus fumigatus（A.fumigatus）-induced keratitis and to verify whether the expression of IL-1β in A.fumigatus keratitis is associated with the mammalian target of rapamycin（mT OR）/Toll-like receptor 4（TLR4） signaling pathway.METHODS：Fungal keratitis mouse models of susceptible C57 BL/6 mice were established using A.fumigatus.The mice were subsequently treated with rapamycin.The protein levels of p-mT OR,TLR4,and IL-1β in normal and infected corneal tissue were measured by Western blot.The TLR4 and IL-1β m RNA levels were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction（PCR）.RESULTS：In C57 BL/6 mice,rapamycin treatment decreased the clinical scores and production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine,IL-1β.The expression of TLR4,stimulated by A.fumigatus,was reduced as well when the mT OR signaling pathway was suppressed by rapamycin.CONCLUSION：Rapamycin is beneficial for the outcome of fungal keratitis and has an inhibitory effect expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β.The inhibitory effect on IL-1β expression can be associated with the mT OR/TLR4 signaling pathway in A.fumigatus infection in mice.

Interleukin-4 promotes microglial polarization toward a neuroprotective phenotype after retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury

Glaucoma results from irreversible loss of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)through an unclear mechanism.Microglial polarization and neuroinflammation play an important role in retinal degeneration.Our study aimed to explore the function of microglial polarization during glaucoma progression and identify a strategy to alleviate retinal neuroinflammation.Retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced in C57BL/6 mice.In a separate cohort of animals,interleukin(IL)-4(50 ng/mL,2μL per injection)or vehicle was intravitreally injected after retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.RGC loss was assessed by counting cells that were positive for the RGC marker RNA binding protein,mRNA processing factor in retinal flat mounts.The expression of classically activated(M1)and alternatively activated(M2)microglial markers were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,immunofluorescence,and western blotting.The results showed that progressive RGC loss was accompanied by a continuous decrease in M2 microglia during the late phase of the 28-day period after retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.IL-4 was undetectable in the retina at all time points,and intravitreal IL-4 administration markedly improved M2 microglial marker expression and ameliorated RGC loss in the late phase post-retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.In summary,we observed that IL-4 treatment maintained a high number of M2 microglia after RIR and promoted RGC survival.

The Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β pathway participates in the neuroprotective effect of interleukin-4 against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

Interleukin-4(IL-4) has a protective effect against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Animal experiments have shown that IL-4 improves the short-and long-term prognosis of neurological function. The Akt(also called protein kinase B, PKB)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β(Akt/GSK-3β) signaling pathway is involved in oxidative stress, the inflammatory response, apoptosis, and autophagy. However, it is not yet clear whether the Akt/GSK-3β pathway participates in the neuroprotective effect of IL-4 against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. In the present study, we established a cerebral ischemia/reperfusion mouse model by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 60 minutes followed by a 24-hour reperfusion. An IL-4/anti-IL-4 complex(10 μg) was intraperitoneally administered 30 minutes before surgery. We found that administration of IL-4 significantly alleviated the neurological deficits, oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and autophagy and reduced infarct volume of the mice with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury 24 hours after reperfusion. Simultaneously, IL-4 activated Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway. However, an Akt inhibitor LY294002, which was injected at 15 nmol/kg via the tail vein, attenuated the protective effects of IL-4. These findings indicate that IL-4 has a protective effect on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by mitigating oxidative stress, reducing apoptosis, and inhibiting excessive autophagy, and that this mechanism may be related to activation of the Akt/GSK-3β pathway. This animal study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, China(approval No. WDRY2017-K037) on March 9, 2017.

Interleukin-13 promotes cellular senescence through inducing mitochondrial dysfunction in IgG4-related sialadenitis

Immunoglobulin G4-related sialadenitis(IgG4-RS)is an immune-mediated fibro-inflammatory disease and the pathogenesis is still not fully understood.The aim of this study was to explore the role and mechanism of interleukin-13(IL-13)in the cellular senescence during the progress of IgG4-RS.We found that the expression of IL-13 and IL-13 receptorα1(IL-13Rα1)as well as the number of senescent cells were significantly higher in the submandibular glands(SMGs)of IgG4-RS patients.IL-13 directly induced senescence as shown by the elevated activity of senescence-associatedβ-galactosidase(SA-β-gal),the decreased cell proliferation,and the upregulation of senescence markers(p53 and p16)and senescence-associated secretory phenotype(SASP)factors(IL-1βand IL-6)in SMG-C6 cells.Mechanistically,IL-13 increased the level of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 6(p-STAT6)and mitochondrial-reactive oxygen species(mt ROS),while decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential,ATP level,and the expression and activity of superoxide dismutase 2(SOD2).Notably,the IL-13-induced cellular senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction could be inhibited by pretreatment with either STAT6 inhibitor AS1517499 or mitochondria-targeted ROS scavenger Mito TEMPO.Moreover,IL-13 increased the interaction between p-STAT6 and c AMP-response element binding protein(CREB)-binding protein(CBP)and decreased the transcriptional activity of CREB on SOD2.Taken together,our findings revealed a critical role of IL-13 in the induction of salivary gland epithelial cell senescence through the elevated mitochondrial oxidative stress in a STAT6–CREB–SOD2-dependent pathway in IgG4-RS.

Interleukin-4 affects microglial autophagic flux

Interleukin-4 plays an important protective role in Alzheimer’s disease by regulating microglial phenotype,phagocytosis of amyloid-β,and secretion of anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic cytokines.Recently,increasing evidence has suggested that autophagy regulates innate immunity by affecting M1/M2 polarization of microglia/macrophages.However,the role of interleukin-4 in microglial autophagy is unknown.In view of this,BV2 microglia were treated with 0,10,20 or 50 ng/mL interleukin-4 for 24,48,or 72 hours.Subsequently,light chain 3-II and p62 protein expression levels were detected by western blot assay.BV2 microglia were incubated with interleukin-4(20 ng/mL,experimental group),3-methyladenine(500μM,autophagy inhibitor,negative control group),rapamycin(100 nM,autophagy inductor,positive control group),3-methyladenine+interleukin-4(rescue group),or without treatment for 24 hours,and then exposed to amyloid-β(1μM,model group)or vehicle control(control)for 24 hours.LC3-II and p62 protein expression levels were again detected by western blot assay.In addition,expression levels of multiple markers of M1 and M2 phenotype were assessed by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction,while intracellular and supernatant amyloid-βprotein levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Our results showed that interleukin-4 induced microglial autophagic flux,most significantly at 20 ng/mL for 48 hours.Interleukin-4 pretreated microglia inhibited blockade of amyloid-β-induced autophagic flux,and promoted amyloid-βuptake and degradation partly through autophagic flux,but inhibited switching of amyloid-β-induced M1 phenotype independent on autophagic flux.These results indicate that interleukin-4 pretreated microglia increases uptake and degradation of amyloid-βin a process partly mediated by autophagy,which may play a protective role against Alzheimer’s disease.

Role of interleukin-1-family cytokines on effector CD4 T cell differentiation

The ability of CD4 T cells to differentiate into various effector or regulatory T cell subsets explains the successful adaptation of immune responses to different types of infectious pathogens. Immune responses in the context of cancer are also shaped by CD4 T cells, which can directly affect cancer prognosis in patients. While the proinflammatory mediator interleukin(IL)-1β was initially shown to enhance Th2 cell responses, recent findings support a predominant role of two other members of the IL-1 family, IL-18 and IL-33, on the production of Th1 and Th2-derived cytokines. In addition, IL-1β was found to profoundly affect the biology of two recently identified CD4 T cell subsets, Th17 and Th9 cells. IL-1β is critical for Th17 cell differentiation and it enhances the production of IL-9 and IL-21 by Th9 cells, thus increasing their anticancer properties. We will here review the mechanisms accounting for the ability of IL-1 cytokines to affect the differentiation of CD4 effector T cells with a focus on Th17 and Th9 cells. The physiopathological relevance of IL-1-driven effects on CD4 T cells will also be discussed.

Effect of neuropeptide Y on white matter demyelination and serum interleukin-4 and gamma-interferon levels in the guinea pig with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

BACKGROUND： Neuropeptide Y （NPY） may influence differentiation of Th cells immunological pathology of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis （EAE） is differentiation of Th cells It is assumed that the related to abnormal OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effect of NPY on white matter demyelination, the serum levels interleukin-4 （IL-4） and gamma-interferon （IFN-γ ）, as well as EAE pathogenesis in an EAE guinea pig model following NPY injection into the lateral cerebral ventricle. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized controlled animal study, which was performed in the Infection Immunity Animal Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, China, from October 2005 to April 2006. MATERIALS： Thirty healthy female guinea pigs of 8-12 weeks of age, and 10 healthy female rats of three months of age were used. NPY was provided by Sigma Company, USA. NPY kit was provided by Beijing Huaying Biotechnology Institute, China. METHODS： Thirty guinea pigs were randomly divided into three groups： normal control group, EAE model group, and NPY intervention group （n =10 per group）. Normal control group and EAE model group： Saline （10μ L, once） was injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle. After one week, the same volume of Freund＇s adjuvant complete was either injected subcutaneously into two post-palms or EAE was modeled. NPY intervention group： EAE was modeled after one week and NPY was injected （10 μ L of 6 nmol NPY, once） into the lateral cerebral ventricle. Myelin basic protein （MBP） antigen made from rat spinal cord homogenate and Freund＇s adjuvant complete were injected subcutaneously into both post-palms （0.2 mL per palm） to establish the EAE model. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： White matter demyelination of the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, and spinal cord were observed by light microscopy after HE staining. Levels of serum IFN-γ and IL-4 were detected by the double antibody sandwich ABC-ELISA technique. NPY content was detected by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS： Pathological alterations in the NPY intervention groups were reduced compared to those in the EAE model group, suggesting a reduction and remission of white matter demyelination with NPY treatment. When compared to the model group, the serum IL-4 level was increased in the NPY intervention group during the high-frequent EAE stage （P 〈 0.01）, but the serum IFN-γ level was decreased （P 〈 0.01）. Furthermore, the EAE latency was prolonged （P 〈 0.01）, the neurological scores were decreased in the high-frequent EAE stage （P 〈 0.01）, and the death rate was decreased （P 〈 0.05）. NPY content and the serum IL-4 level at the peak stage were positively correlated with those in the latent phase （r =0.863-0.900, P 〈 0.01）, but negatively correlated with neurological scores at the peak stage （r=- -0.068 to -0.863, P 〈 0.05-0.01）. The IFN-γ level at the peak stage was negatively correlated to that in the latent phase （r = -0.683-0.650, P 〈 0.05）, but positively correlated to neurological scores at the peak stage （r =0.975, 0.845, P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： NPY injection into the lateral cerebral ventricle can promote the secretion of IL-4, inhibit the production of IFN-γ, relieve white matter demyelination, and inhibit EAE attack in an experimental model of EAE.

Effects of Micronutrients on Oxidative Stress and Islet Function in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Rats:Relationships to Th2 Type Cytokines,Interleukin-4,and Interluekin-10

To observe the effects of the micronutrients on oxidative and autoimmune destruction of islets so as to prevent a person from the onset and development of type 1 Diabetes Mellitus （T1DM）, the interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 expressions of lymphocytes in peripheral blood and spleen of T1DM rats were determined by flow cytometry. GSH-Px activity and MDA level in the rats＇ pancreas were measured using biochemical methods. The insulin contents in serum and β cell insulin secret storage were tested by RIA and IHC, respectively. There was an increase in the percentages of IL-4 and IL-10 positive lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and spleen of the groups of rats supplemented with various combinations of micronutrients（p 〈0.01 and p 〈0.05, respectively） ; the blood glucose concentration decreased （p 〈 0. 05 ） ; both the functional β cell in islets and the insulin content in pancreatic tissue increased （p 〈 0. 05 and p 〈0. 01 ） ; the GSH-Px activity and MDA level of pancreas in the rats enhanced and decreased respectively（p 〈0. 01 and p 〈 0. 05）. The results suggest that micronutrients may alleviate the islet lesions by upregulating the expressions of IL-4 and IL-10 and lowering oxidative stress in diabetic rats .

Effects of Intrinsic Nitric Oxide on the Expression of Interleukin-4 and IFN-γ mRNA in the Bronchial and Lung Tissues of Sensitized Rats

Summary: To investigate the effects of intrinsic nitric oxide (NO) on the expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) mRNA and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) mRNA in the airway inflammation of asthma, the rat models of asthmatic inflammation were established by sensitizing and then challenging the animals with ovalbumin. The 24 animals were randomly divided into control group, sensitized group, sensitized and L-Arg-treated group as well as L-NAME-treated group equally. By using in situ hybridization combined with compute physiological quantitative imaging analysis techniques, the influence of intrinsic NO on the expression of IL-4 mRNA and IFN-Y mRNA in the airway inflammatory cells was observed. In situ hybridization study demonstrated that IL-4 mRNA expres- sion was obviously increased as compared with that in the control group, mainly distributed in the inflammatory cells in the submucous of airways in the sensitized group. The increase of intensity of IL-4 mRNA expression was positively correlated with the numbers of eosinophil (Eos) and lymphocyte (both with P<0. 05) in the sensitized group. There was no statistically difference IFN- γ expression between the control group and the sensitized group. Imaging analysis showed that L- NAME could inhibit the expression of IL-4 mRNA (P<0. 05) and increase the expression of IFNY mRNA (P<0. 05), while L-Arg could increase the expression of IL-4 mRNA in inflammatory cells (P<0. 05). It was indicated that a suitable levels of intrinsic NO can influence the expression of IL-4 mRNA of Th2 lymphocytes and the expression of IFN-γ mRNA of Th1 lymphocytes and in turn, promote the development of asthmatic airway inflammation.

Interactions of thymic stromal lymphopoietin with interleukin-4 in adaptive immunity during Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis

AIM:To investigate the potential interactions of thymic stromal lymphopoietin(TSLP)with interleukin-4(IL-4)in adaptive immunity during fungal keratitis(FK).METHODS:An FK mouse model was induced with Aspergillus fumigatus(AF)hyphal infection.Mice were divided into several groups:untreated,phosphate buffer saline(PBS),infected with AF,and pretreated with a scrambled siRNA,a TSLP-specific siRNA(TSLP siRNA),murine recombinant TSLP(rTSLP),immunoglobulin G(IgG),murine recombinant IFN(rIFN-γ),murine recombinant IL-4(rI L-4),rIL-13,murine recombinant IL-17A(rIL-17A),and murine recombinant IL-17F(rIL-17F)groups.Quantitative realtime reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRTPCR)and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)or Western blot were performed to determine mRNA and protein levels in the inflamed cornea.Cytokine locations were observed by immunofluoresence staining after AF hyphal infection.RESULTS:Compared to those in the untreated group,TSLP and T helper type 1(Th1)cytokine levels in the AF group were upregulated at 24 h post infection(hpi),and those of T helper type 2(Th2)and T helper type 17(Th17)cytokines were increased at 5 d post infection(dpi).Th2 cytokine levels were decreased in the TSLP siRNA-pretreated group and increased in the rTSLP-pretreated group compared with the AF group.The TSLP level was increased in the rIL-4-pretreated group,but there were no significant changes among the other groups.Immunofluorescence staining showed cytokine locations after AF hyphal infection.CONCLUSION:TSLP induces a Th2 immune response and promots Th2 T cell differentiation in vivo.IL-4 promotes TSLP secretion.Therefore,TSLP with IL-4 regulates adaptive immunity in FK.

Upregulation of stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha/CXCR4 axis-induced migration of human neural progenitors by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-8

BACKGROUND： Studies of several animal models of central nervous system diseases have shown that neural progenitor cells （NPCs） can migrate to injured tissues. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha （SDF-la）, and its primary physiological receptor CXCR4, have been shown to contribute to this process. OBJECTIVE： To investigate migration efficacy of human NPCs toward a SDF-1α gradient, and the regulatory roles of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-8 （IL-8） in SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis-induced migration of NPCs. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An in vitro, randomized, controlled, cellular and molecular biology study was performed at the Laboratory of Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Soochow University between October 2005 and November 2007. MATERIALS： SDF-1α and mouse anti-human CXCR4 fusion antibody were purchased from R＆D Systems, USA. TNF-αwas purchased from Biomyx Technology, USA and IL-8 was kindly provided by the Biotechnology Research Institute of Soochow University. METHODS： NPCs isolated from forebrain tissue of 9 to 10-week-old human fetuses were cultured in vitro. The cells were incubated with 0, 20, and 40 ng/mL TNF-α, or 0, 20, and 40 ng/mL IL-8, for 48 hours prior to migration assay. For antibody-blocking experiments, cells were further pretreated with 0, 20, and 40 μg/mL mouse anti-human CXCR4 fusion antibody for 2 hours. Subsequently, the transwell assay and CXCR4 blockade experiments were performed to evaluate migration of human NPCs toward a SDF-1α gradient. Serum-free culture medium without SDF-1α served as the negative control. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The transwell assay was performed to evaluate migration of human NPCs toward a SDF-1α gradient, which was blocked by fusion antibody against CXCR4. In addition, CXCR4 expression in human NPCs stimulated by TNF-α and IL-8 was measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS： Results from the transwell assay demonstrated that SDF-1α was a strong chemoattractant for human NPCs （P 〈 0.01）, and 20 ng/mL produced the highest levels of migration. Anti-human CXCR4 fusion antibody significantly blocked the chemotactic effect （P 〈 0.05）. Flow cytometry results showed that treatment with TNF-α and IL-8 resulted in increased CXCR4 expression and greater chemotaxis efficiency of NPCs towards SDF-1α（P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： These results demonstrated that SDF-la significantly attracted NPCs in vitro, and neutralizing anti-CXCR4 antibody could block part of this chemotactic function. TNF-α and IL-8 increased chemotaxis efficiency of NPCs towards the SDF-1αgradient by upregulating CXCR4 expression in NPCs.

菝葜活性成份对慢性盆腔炎大鼠子宫组织肿瘤坏死因子-ɑ和白介素-4的影响

目的探讨菝葜活性成份治疗慢性盆腔炎的作用机制。方法采用化学烧伤的方法建立慢性盆腔炎大鼠模型。对70只大鼠随机分为模型对照组,假手术组,空白对照组,菝葜活性成份高、中、低剂量组,金刚藤胶囊组。治疗14 d后,观察子宫肿胀率和抑制率,酶联免疫法检测各组大鼠子宫组织中TNF-α和IL-4的表达情况。结果光学显微镜下观察显示:菝葜活性成份高、中、低剂量组能降低大鼠子宫内膜的炎症细胞,促进其病变上皮细胞增生修复,减轻浆膜充血水肿。与模型对照组比较,菝葜活性成份高、中剂量组能降低慢性盆腔模型大鼠子宫的肿胀率(P<0.01);菝葜活性成份高、中、低剂量组子宫组织中TNF-α的含量明显降低(P<0.01);菝葜活性成份高、中剂量组子宫组织中IL-4的含量明显升高(P<0.01),菝葜活性成份低剂量组子宫组织中IL-4的含量升高(P<0.05)。结论菝葜活性成份能影响慢性盆腔炎大鼠子宫的肿胀率及子宫组织中TNF-α、IL-4的水平,这可能是菝葜活性成份治疗慢性盆腔炎症和缓解盆腔粘连的药理作用机制之一。

感染性喉炎和痉挛性喉炎患儿血清中IL-4、IFN-γ和IgE水平检测的临床意义

目的探讨感染性喉炎和痉挛性喉炎患儿血清中IL-4、IFN-γ和IgE水平的变化及临床意义。方法采用ELISA双抗体夹心法检测26例感染性喉炎、31例痉挛性喉炎患儿入院时(急性期)、出院前(恢复期)及正常对照组儿童(25名)血清IL-4、IFN-γ水平;采用荧光酶联免疫法检测IgE水平,并进行比较。结果急性期感染性喉炎和痉挛性喉炎患儿血清IL-4、IgE水平明显高于对照组(P均﹤0.05);急性期感染性喉炎患儿血清IgE水平明显低于痉挛性喉炎患儿(P﹤0.05);恢复期感染性喉炎和痉挛性喉炎患儿血清IL-4、IgE水平较急性期明显降低(P均﹤0.05),恢复期感染性喉炎患儿血清IgE水平明显低于痉挛性喉炎患儿(P﹤0.05)。急性期感染性喉炎和痉挛性喉炎患儿血清IFN-γ水平明显低于对照组(P均﹤0.05);恢复期感染性喉炎和痉挛性喉炎患儿血清IFN-γ水平较急性期明显升高(P均﹤0.05)。结论感染性喉炎和痉挛性喉炎患儿存在免疫功能紊乱,IL-4、IFN-γ和IgE在患儿免疫病理机制中起重要作用,检测IgE水平有助于两种喉炎的鉴别。

血清白介素-13、白介素-4水平及吸入过敏原在新疆维吾尔族哮喘儿童相关研究

目的探讨新疆维吾尔族哮喘儿童白介素-13(IL-13)、白介素-4(IL-4)水平及吸入过敏原检测的意义。方法采取双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)对新疆维吾尔族哮喘儿童及维吾尔族健康儿童进行血清IL-13、IL-4水平的检测,酶免法定性检测吸入过敏原,并进行比较。结果 (1)哮喘组IL-13水平[(8.12±4.78)ng/L]较对照组[(5.69±3.62)ng/L]高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),哮喘组IL-4水平[(10.64±27.90)ng/L]较对照组[(36.06±82.68)ng/L]低,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);(2)哮喘组IL-13、IL-4呈负相关(r=-1.116,P=0.514),对照组IL-13、IL-4呈正相关(r=0.121,P=0.575),但差异均无统学意义(P>0.05);(3)哮喘组儿童过敏原阳性率[76.5%(26例)]较对照组[50%(12例)]高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 IL-13、吸入过敏原在新疆维吾尔族哮喘儿童的发病过程中起着重要的作用。

老年哮喘急性发作期IL-4、IL-18水平及临床意义

目的：探讨老年支气管哮喘患者急性发作期外周血白细胞介素4（IL－4）和血白细胞介素18（IL－18）水平及其临床意义。方法2012年7月至2014年10月，急性发作期老年哮喘患者82例（哮喘组），男54例，女28例，年龄60-83岁，平均（71．5±8．08）岁；对所有患者入院急性发作期和治疗后缓解的人血清中IL－4、IL－18水平采用ELISA法检测。结果急性发作期老年哮喘患者的血清IL－4明显高于缓解期（P＜0．05），IL－18明显高于缓解期（P＜0．05）。结论 IL－4、IL－18均参与了老年支气管哮喘急性发作期的发病机制，在Th1／Th2细胞因子网络失衡的发病机制中起重要的调节作用。

哮喘患者体内YKL-40的表达与IL-4、IgE的相关性分析

目的探讨哮喘患者体内血清几丁质酶样蛋白人类软骨糖蛋白40(YKL-40)的表达与白细胞介素4(IL-4)、Ig E的相关性。方法将2013年2月至2014年2月德阳市人民医院收治的120例支气管哮喘患者根据病情分为轻度组(48例)、中度组(42例)和重度组(30例),并选取40例健康体检者作为对照组。测定4组受试者血清YKL-40、IL-4、Ig E水平,并分析YKL-40的表达与IL-4、Ig E的相关性。结果哮喘患者YKL-40、IL-4、Ig E水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);哮喘患者血清YKL-40、IL-4、Ig E水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);在YKL-40、Ig E水平方面中度组及重度组均显著高于轻度组(P<0.05),重度组显著高于中度组(P<0.05);重度组IL-4水平显著高于轻度组(P<0.05);以YKL-40为因变量,以第一秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV1%)、IL-4、Ig E为自变量,YKL-40与IL-4无线性相关关系(P>0.05),YKL-40与Ig E呈线性相关关系(P<0.05),回归方程为y=0.07x+23.73,FEV1%与YKL-40呈线性相关关系(P<0.05),回归方程为y=-0.52x+74.16。结论哮喘患者体内YKL-40表达显著高于正常人群,与患者的病情、Ig E水平、炎症反应均有密切关系,可以作为哮喘诊断、病情评估的相关指标。

抗IL-4R单链抗体原核表达载体的构建与表达

目的通过BL21(DE3)原核表达系统制备抗白细胞介素-4受体(IL-4R)鼠抗人单链抗体(scFv)。方法在前期研究结果的基础上优化抗IL-4R scFv序列,优化后分析scFv序列,构建重组质粒pET-32a-scFv,将该重组质粒酶切鉴定,将其转入BL21(DE3)原核表达菌进行诱导表达,并进行SDS-PAGE分析检测,对表达蛋白进行纯化和复性,通过SDS-PAGE分析抗IL-4R单链抗体的分子质量,运用Western blot检测融合蛋白的特异性。结果插入pET-32a载体的scFv序列长度761 bp,抗IL-4R单链抗体的分子质量在45 ku左右,重组蛋白具有较高的特异性。结论本实验成功构建pET32a-scFv原核表达系统,重组蛋白具有较高的免疫反应性,为进一步研究抗IL-4R单链抗体作为药物靶点提供了工作基础。

活动性狼疮肾炎患者外周血单个核细胞钙调神经磷酸酶活性的检测及白细胞介素-4表达变化

目的:检测活动性狼疮肾炎(LN)患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)白细胞介素-4(IL-4)表达及其与钙调神经磷酸酶(Calcineurin,CaN)活性的关系。方法:体外培养活动性LN患者PBMC,应用发色底物法检测胞浆CaN活性,逆转录PCR检测IL-4 mRNA表达。结果:(1)在单纯培养情况下,正常对照组和LN组PBMC均出现一定量CaN活化,活动性LN组显著高于正常对照组[(46.08±5.58)mmol/mg.pr vs(8.81±3.61)mmol/mg.pr,P<0.01];在PMA+Ionomycin刺激下,各组CaN活性均升高,活动性LN组CaN活性明显高于正常对照组[(69.34±12.59)mmol/mg.pr vs(37.12±11.57)mmol/mg.pr,P<0.01];(2)LN患者PBMC在单纯培养和PMA+Ionomycin刺激时IL-4蛋白和mRNA表达均显著高于相应的对照组(P<0.05);(3)在单纯培养和PMA+Ionomycin刺激时,FK506对LN PBMC表达IL-4蛋白和mRNA均有显著抑制作用(P<0.01)。结论:LN患者PBMC存在CaN过度活化;LN患者PBMC高效表达IL-4与其CaN过度活化密切相关,通过阻断CaN活性可调控IL-4表达。