车辆检测是智能交通系统和自动驾驶的重要组成部分。然而,实际交通场景中存在许多不确定因素,导致车辆检测模型的准确率低实时性差。为了解决这个问题,提出了一种快速准确的车辆检测算法——YOLOv8-DEL。使用DGCST(dynamic group convol...车辆检测是智能交通系统和自动驾驶的重要组成部分。然而,实际交通场景中存在许多不确定因素,导致车辆检测模型的准确率低实时性差。为了解决这个问题,提出了一种快速准确的车辆检测算法——YOLOv8-DEL。使用DGCST(dynamic group convolution shuffle transformer)模块代替C2f模块来重构主干网络,以增强特征提取能力并使网络更轻量;添加的P2检测层能使模型更敏锐地定位和检测小目标,同时采用Efficient RepGFPN进行多尺度特征融合,以丰富特征信息并提高模型的特征表达能力;通过结合GroupNorm和共享卷积的优点,设计了一种轻量型共享卷积检测头,在保持精度的前提下,有效减少参数量并提升检测速度。与YOLOv8相比,提出的YOLOv8-DEL在BDD100K数据集和KITTI数据集上,mAP@0.5分别提高了4.8个百分点和1.2个百分点,具有实时检测速度(208.6 FPS和216.4 FPS),在检测精度和速度方面实现了更有利的折中。展开更多
针对无人机视角下的目标存在多尺度、目标小、被遮挡与背景复杂等问题,提出了一种基于动态样本注意力尺度序列的YOLOv8改进算法BDAD-YOLO。通过引入BiFormer的思想来改造原模型骨干结构,提高模型对关键信息的关注度,更好地保留目标细粒...针对无人机视角下的目标存在多尺度、目标小、被遮挡与背景复杂等问题,提出了一种基于动态样本注意力尺度序列的YOLOv8改进算法BDAD-YOLO。通过引入BiFormer的思想来改造原模型骨干结构,提高模型对关键信息的关注度,更好地保留目标细粒度细节信息。由于目标存在大小、位置等多变性,传统卷积并不能很好地处理这一情况,因此基于DCN(deformable convolutional network)的思想,设计了一种可以增强对小目标特征提取的C2_DCf模块,从而进一步提高颈部网络中小目标层对特征信息的融合。提出一种基于动态样本的注意力尺度序列融合框架AFD(attention-scale sequence fusion framework based on dynamic samples),使用轻量化动态点采样并通过融合不同尺度的特征图来增强网络提取多尺度信息的能力。使用WIoU损失函数,改善小目标低质量数据对梯度的不利影响,以加快网络收敛速度。实验结果表明,在VisDrone数据集中的val集与test集上平均精度(mAP@0.5)分别提升了4.6个百分点、3.7个百分点,在DOTA数据集上平均精度(mAP@0.5)提升了2.4个百分点,证明了改进算法的有效性和普适性。展开更多
Several experimental evidence suggests a link between brain Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not complet...Several experimental evidence suggests a link between brain Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not completely understood.Among the molecular mediators of synaptic and cognitive dysfunction occurring after Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and reactivation in the brain neuroinflammatory cytokines seem to occupy a central role.Here,we specifically reviewed literature reports dealing with the impact of neuroinflammation on synaptic dysfunction observed after recurrent Herpes simplex virus type-1 reactivation in the brain,highlighting the role of interleukins and,in particular,interleukin 1βas a possible target against Herpes simplex virus type-1-induced neuronal dysfunctions.展开更多
Heat shock protein family B(small)member 8(HSPB8)is a 22 kDa ubiquitously expressed protein belonging to the family of small heat shock proteins.HSPB8 is involved in various cellular mechanisms mainly related to prote...Heat shock protein family B(small)member 8(HSPB8)is a 22 kDa ubiquitously expressed protein belonging to the family of small heat shock proteins.HSPB8 is involved in various cellular mechanisms mainly related to proteotoxic stress response and in other processes such as inflammation,cell division,and migration.HSPB8 binds misfolded clients to prevent their aggregation by assisting protein refolding or degradation through chaperone-assisted selective autophagy.In line with this function,the pro-degradative activity of HSPB8 has been found protective in several neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases characterized by protein misfolding and aggregation.In cancer,HSPB8 has a dual role being capable of exerting either a pro-or an anti-tumoral activity depending on the pathways and factors expressed by the model of cancer under investigation.Moreover,HSPB8 exerts a protective function in different diseases by modulating the inflammatory response,which characterizes not only neurodegenerative diseases,but also other chronic or acute conditions affecting the nervous system,such as multiple sclerosis and intracerebellar hemorrhage.Of note,HSPB8 modulation may represent a therapeutic approach in other neurological conditions that develop as a secondary consequence of other diseases.This is the case of cognitive impairment related to diabetes mellitus,in which HSPB8 exerts a protective activity by assuring mitochondrial homeostasis.This review aims to summarize the diverse and multiple functions of HSPB8 in different pathological conditions,focusing on the beneficial effects of its modulation.Drug-based and alternative therapeutic approaches targeting HSPB8 and its regulated pathways will be discussed,emphasizing how new strategies for cell and tissue-specific delivery represent an avenue to advance in disease treatments.展开更多
文摘针对无人机视角下的目标存在多尺度、目标小、被遮挡与背景复杂等问题,提出了一种基于动态样本注意力尺度序列的YOLOv8改进算法BDAD-YOLO。通过引入BiFormer的思想来改造原模型骨干结构,提高模型对关键信息的关注度,更好地保留目标细粒度细节信息。由于目标存在大小、位置等多变性,传统卷积并不能很好地处理这一情况,因此基于DCN(deformable convolutional network)的思想,设计了一种可以增强对小目标特征提取的C2_DCf模块,从而进一步提高颈部网络中小目标层对特征信息的融合。提出一种基于动态样本的注意力尺度序列融合框架AFD(attention-scale sequence fusion framework based on dynamic samples),使用轻量化动态点采样并通过融合不同尺度的特征图来增强网络提取多尺度信息的能力。使用WIoU损失函数,改善小目标低质量数据对梯度的不利影响,以加快网络收敛速度。实验结果表明,在VisDrone数据集中的val集与test集上平均精度(mAP@0.5)分别提升了4.6个百分点、3.7个百分点,在DOTA数据集上平均精度(mAP@0.5)提升了2.4个百分点,证明了改进算法的有效性和普适性。
基金supported by UniversitàCattolica(D1 intramural funds to RP)Italian Ministry of University and Research(PRIN 2022ZYLB7B,P2022YW7BP funds to CG).
文摘Several experimental evidence suggests a link between brain Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not completely understood.Among the molecular mediators of synaptic and cognitive dysfunction occurring after Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and reactivation in the brain neuroinflammatory cytokines seem to occupy a central role.Here,we specifically reviewed literature reports dealing with the impact of neuroinflammation on synaptic dysfunction observed after recurrent Herpes simplex virus type-1 reactivation in the brain,highlighting the role of interleukins and,in particular,interleukin 1βas a possible target against Herpes simplex virus type-1-induced neuronal dysfunctions.
基金supported by:Fondazione Telethon-Italy(No.GGP19128 to AP)Fondazione Cariplo-Italy(No.2021-1544 to RC)+14 种基金Fondazione Italiana di Ricerca per la Sclerosi Laterale Amiotrofica(AriSLA)-Italy(No.MLOpathy to APTarget-RAN to AP)Association Française contre les Myopathies-France(AFM Telethon No.23236 to AP)Kennedy’s Disease Association-USA(2018 grant to RC2020 grant to MG)Ministero dell’Universitàe della Ricerca(MIUR)-Italy(PRIN-Progetti di ricerca di interesse nazionale(No.2017F2A2C5 to APNo.2022EFLFL8 to APNo.2020PBS5MJ to VCNo.2022KSJZF5 to VC)PRIN-Progetti di ricerca di interesse nazionale-bando 2022,PNRR finanziato dall’Unione europea-Next Generation EU,componente M4C2,investimento 1.1(No.P2022B5J32 to RC and No.P20225R4Y5 to VC)CN3:RNA-Codice Proposta:CN_00000041Tematica Sviluppo di terapia genica e farmaci con tecnologia a RNA(Centro Nazionale di Ricerca-CN3 National Center for Gene Therapy and Drugs based on RNA Technology to AP)Progetto Dipartimenti di Eccellenza(to DiSFeB)Ministero della Salute,Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco(AIFA)-Italy(Co_ALS to AP)Universitàdegli Studi di Milano(piano di sviluppo della ricerca(PSR)UNIMI-linea B(to RC and BT).
文摘Heat shock protein family B(small)member 8(HSPB8)is a 22 kDa ubiquitously expressed protein belonging to the family of small heat shock proteins.HSPB8 is involved in various cellular mechanisms mainly related to proteotoxic stress response and in other processes such as inflammation,cell division,and migration.HSPB8 binds misfolded clients to prevent their aggregation by assisting protein refolding or degradation through chaperone-assisted selective autophagy.In line with this function,the pro-degradative activity of HSPB8 has been found protective in several neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases characterized by protein misfolding and aggregation.In cancer,HSPB8 has a dual role being capable of exerting either a pro-or an anti-tumoral activity depending on the pathways and factors expressed by the model of cancer under investigation.Moreover,HSPB8 exerts a protective function in different diseases by modulating the inflammatory response,which characterizes not only neurodegenerative diseases,but also other chronic or acute conditions affecting the nervous system,such as multiple sclerosis and intracerebellar hemorrhage.Of note,HSPB8 modulation may represent a therapeutic approach in other neurological conditions that develop as a secondary consequence of other diseases.This is the case of cognitive impairment related to diabetes mellitus,in which HSPB8 exerts a protective activity by assuring mitochondrial homeostasis.This review aims to summarize the diverse and multiple functions of HSPB8 in different pathological conditions,focusing on the beneficial effects of its modulation.Drug-based and alternative therapeutic approaches targeting HSPB8 and its regulated pathways will be discussed,emphasizing how new strategies for cell and tissue-specific delivery represent an avenue to advance in disease treatments.
