Design of a personnel safety interlock system for proton therapy

Proton therapy is the most advanced radiotherapy approach in the world,and causes less damage to normal human tissue than traditional radiotherapy.Because the treatment process produces a high-energy proton beam,the personnel safety interlock system mainly considers measures to protect personnel from radiation hazards during beam preparation and the beam release process.Unlike other safety interlock systems,the personnel safety interlock system designed in this study focuses on the safety and stability of the system itself.The hardware and software of important interlock control loops are designed and developed according to the requirements of Safety Integrity Level 3 specified by IEC61508.A set of redundant ring networks was developed to ensure that damage to a certain network line does not affect the normal operation of the system.A set of friendly operation interfaces and data storage systems were developed to ensure that the operator can monitor the data in real time and trace the data.The personnel safety interlock system mainly includes a beam enabling function,clearance function,and emergency stop function.The system was put into actual use and successfully ensured personnel safety.

HI-13 Tandem Accelerator Radioactivity Protection Interlock System

The upgrading of HI-13 tandem accelerator radioactivity protection interlock system will extend and optimize the original protection logical as well as the involved PLC control technology.A new reasonable displayed interface and convenient operation system will be designed.

Verifying the accuracy of interlocking tables for railway signalling systems using abstract state machines

Railway transportation system is a critical sector where design methods and techniques are defined by international standards in order to reduce possible risks to an acceptable minimum level. CENELEC 50128 strongly recommends the utilization of finite state machines during system modelling stage and formal proof methods during the verifi- cation and testing stages of control algorithms. Due to the high importance of interlocking table at the design state of a sig- nalization system, the modelling and verification of inter- locking tables are examined in this work. For this purpose, abstract state machines are used as a modelling tool. The developed models have been performed in a generalized structure such that the model control can be done automatically for the interlocking systems. In this study, NuSMV is used at the verification state. Also, the consistency of the developed models has been supervised through fault injection. The developed models and software components are applied on a real railway station operated by Metro Istanbul Co.

Design and realization of vacuum control and interlock system for SESRI project

Background Vacuum control and interlock system plays an important role in maintaining the vacuum condition for the normal operation of SESRI heavy ion accelerator.Vacuum failure of beam line at any position will cause beam loss,experimental failure,and even serious consequences of accelerator shutdown.Methods This control system is designed and realized based on EPICS structure and PLC controller to realize the control and interlocking function of all kinds of vacuum equipment and ensure the operation and safety of the equipment.PLC level interlock and contact-based hardware interlock methods are used to realize both stability andflexibility.Results After a period of test running and actual operation,it is proved that this vacuum control and interlock system shows good stability,reliability andflexibility.Conclusion The vacuum control and interlock system in this paper realizes the design requirements of vacuum degree display,valve operability,correct and adjustable interlocking for the SESRI heavy ion accelerator vacuum system.

Interlocking System for CBTC (Communication Based Train Control) System

In recent years,the environment of railways and the systems such as CBTC(communication based train control)have been changing.To respond the changes and the needs of customers,a UTCS(unified train control system)has been developed to realize a system that evolves with customers.Previous type systems consist of independent components such as ATC(Automatic train control)system,electronic interlocking system,and facility monitoring system,and there are a complicated overlap of system configurations and functions and difference in concept between the systems.On the other hand,the integrated train control system consists of horizontal layers such as function layer,network layer,and terminal layer.Therefore,the system has been developed to make it simple with no unnecessary redundancy and evolving to meet the needs of customers.In this paper,we explain a method that realizes the interlocking function for CBTC system in the function layer based on the concept of“securing a train travelling path”including path blocking and routing,and evaluate the safety of the method using STAMP/STPA.

Research on Ventilation and Heat Insulation Layer Design of Split-Type Roof Greening Based on Topological Interlocking Principle

In this paper,the roof ventilation and heat insulation layer modules are combined with the roof greening,and each module is assembled through the principle of topological interlocking.The assembly of these modules does not require any rivets or cement mortar,and the structural stability of the overall assembled roof is achieved only through the interlocking and limiting the movements of the interlocked units.The green roof designed in this paper has strong applicability and can be applied to roofs of different shapes.Such a roof can not only meet the aesthetic needs,but also beautify the urban environment and reduce carbon emissions.

化工企业联锁保护系统全生命周期管理

结合化工企业管理联锁保护系统的实践经验,根据联锁管理规范的基本原则,介绍化工企业联锁保护的全生命周期管理方法。涉及联锁管理中各部门职责、联锁的分类、联锁的运行管理、解投联锁票证的申请、联锁的维护以及变更等阶段和过程性内容。

顺行交锁钉结合LISS内固定治疗Lambiris Ⅲ或Ⅳ型股骨骨折的临床效果

目的 探究顺行交锁钉结合微创内固定系统(LISS)内固定治疗LambirisⅢ或Ⅳ型股骨骨折的应用效果。方法 前瞻性选取2022年1月至2023年1月南阳市中心医院收治的95例股骨骨折(LambirisⅢ或Ⅳ型)患者,以简单随机法分为对照组(47例)和研究组(48例)。对照组接受常规LISS内固定治疗,研究组接受顺行交锁钉结合LISS内固定治疗。比较两组围手术期情况、创伤应激因子[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)]、视觉疼痛模拟量表(VAS)、硫化氢(H_(2)S)、鸢尾素(Irisin)、髋关节功能、并发症发生率。结果 研究组出血量为(357.49±32.81)mL,少于对照组的(385.94±37.26)mL,住院时间、骨折愈合时间分别为(17.63±2.29)d、(28.76±2.15)周,短于对照组的(19.51±2.64)d、(30.28±2.40)周(P<0.05)。研究组SOD、NE、AngⅡ水平术后第3天分别为(90.53±11.24)U·L^(-1)、(83.15±8.74)μg·L^(-1)、(148.62±18.53)mmol·L^(-1),低于对照组的(98.31±11.56)U·L^(-1)、(90.26±9.57)μg·L^(-1)、(163.78±19.37)mmol·L^(-1)(P<0.05)。研究组第3个月VAS评分为(1.97±0.65)分,低于对照组的(2.76±0.81)分(P<0.05);术后第3个月研究组H_(2)S、Irisin水平分别为(34.15±3.28)ng·L^(-1)、(217.83±16.45)μg·L^(-1),高于对照组的(32.28±3.11)ng·L^(-1)、(205.46±14.82)μg·L^(-1)(P<0.05);术后末次随访研究组髋关节功能优良率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 顺行交锁钉结合LISS内固定治疗LambirisⅢ或Ⅳ型股骨骨折患者,可减少出血,减轻应激反应,加快术后早期恢复,促进骨折愈合,恢复髋关节功能,减轻患者疼痛。

乙烯“三机”控制系统改造后的操作方式探讨

简述乙烯装置“三机”控制系统改造的内容、目的,介绍了改造后的新系统的操作条件和操作步骤,新系统以保护机组、防喘振为中心,三组超速保护、机组状态监护、机组联锁保护(紧急停车系统)结合汇集于1套ITCC系统中,为生产运行提供了安全、可靠的操作平台。使得“三机”控制系统性能得到提升,功能进一步完善,降低了操作负荷,在整合在一起的操作界面上实现对机组的全面控制和操作,提高了操作效率。

ITER气体注入系统控制系统设计

国际热核聚变实验堆(ITER)气体注入系统及其控制系统是直接参与装置运行的关键部件,也是中国独立承担的14个ITER采购包之一。文中基于ITER控制系统的设计框架和GIS的功能特性,进行GIS常规控制系统和互锁系统设计。常规控制系统采用模块化和可扩展的设计方案,最大程度上满足了装置未来运行的可扩充性和功能实现的灵活性;互锁系统则采用冗余的硬件架构和容错体系结构,满足了ITER 3IL-2安全完整性等级要求。两种控制系统已于2022年11月完成了ITER组织的终期设计评审。

Preparation of ultra-fine grain Ni-Al-WC coating with interlocking bonding on austenitic stainless steel by laser clad and friction stir processing

The ultra-fine structured Ni?Al?WC layer with interlocking bonding was fabricated on austenitic stainless steel by combination of laser clad and friction stir processing (FSP). Laser was initially applied to Ni?Al elemental powder preplaced on the austenitic stainless steel substrate to produce a coating for further processing. The as-received coating was subjected to FSP treatment, processed by a rotary tool rod made of WC?Co alloy, to obtain sample for inspection. Microstructure, phase constitutions, hardness and wear property were investigated by methods of scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) microanalysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), hardness test alongside with dry sliding wear test. The results show that the severe deformation effect exerted on the specimen resulted in an ultra-fine grain layer of about 100μmin thickness and grain size of 1?2μm. Synergy between introduction of WC particles to the deformation layer and deformation strengthening contributes greatly to the increase in hardness and friction resistance. An interlocking bonding between the coating and matrix which significantly improves bonding strength was formed due to the severe deformation effect.

基于深度学习的联锁测试序列推荐方法

测试序列的组织与选取是保证铁路信号联锁系统测试质量和效率的关键环节,现阶段主要采用人工方式进行,工作量大且容易遗留漏洞。通过结合专家经验及历史测试信息,提出一种基于深度学习的联锁功能测试序列推荐方法,用以辅助测试人员开展测试工作,提高测试效率。针对联锁拓扑结构特征难以通过深度学习提取和训练的问题,构建了基于站场拓扑结构的树形递归神经网络,提高模型对联锁测试数据的特征提取能力;针对联锁测试序列特点,设计加入注意力机制的编码器-解码器框架,解决模型训练时产生的信息压缩问题,提高模型对联锁逻辑及测试案例间逻辑关联的学习能力。基于实际站场数据进行了一系列对比实验,结果表明,将递归神经网络与加入注意力机制的编码器-解码器框架相结合的测试序列推荐模型在训练集及测试集精确度方面均高于其他模型,达到90%以上并通过测试序列的执行时间和缺陷检测速率证明了该推荐模型的可行性。

城市轨道交通系统安全研究

联锁系统是铁路运营中指挥轨道交通、保障列车运行安全、实现交通指挥和列车运行现代化、提高运输效率的核心控制设备。论文在研究城市铁路联锁系统基本结构和功能的基础上,对联锁系统中可能出现的影响列车安全运行的因素进行了分析研究。研究现阶段城市轨道交通联锁系统各组成部分的功能和连接。通过构建TYJL-Ⅱ系统事故树模型,研究影响轨旁设备安全性能的因素。研究表明,故障检出率的提高和故障率的降低都有利于提高可靠性和安全性。

高速铁路CTC系统试验方案探讨

CTC系统是高速铁路调度指挥的中枢,具有规模庞大及功能复杂等特点。因此,为其制定一套严谨且系统的开通试验方案至关重要。文章对比分析了CTC系统试验与微机联锁试验在步骤、内容、方法及原则上的差异,深入剖析了高速铁路CTC系统试验方案的6大要素。此外,文章结合具体案例进一步探讨了如何设计出更具实操性的试验表格,旨在为现场各级技术管理人员提供详尽、有益的参考。

基于证据理论和贝叶斯网络的TIS系统风险评估

目前我国列控联锁一体化系统处于试验阶段,研究列控联锁一体化系统的风险评估对其可靠运行具有重要意义。针对列控联锁一体化系统风险评估中存在的不确定性及风险随时间发生变化的问题,提出基于证据理论和动态贝叶斯网络的列控联锁一体化系统风险评估方法。首先,构建列控联锁一体化系统故障树,并将其转化为动态贝叶斯网络模型;然后,引入模糊集理论和证据理论来确定动态贝叶斯网络的参数,利用动态贝叶斯网络的双向推理、重要度分析等方法,分析影响该系统可靠运行的关键风险因素;最后,利用专家打分法量化风险损失,通过绘制风险矩阵确定系统的风险等级。仿真结果表明:列控联锁一体化系统的风险等级属于铁路安全标准EN 50126中“Ⅳ级(可接受的风险)”,通信单元中与转辙机和轨道电路的通信接口及目标控制器单元为系统的薄弱环节。

关于一线二列位动车段(所)特殊联锁设计探讨

为应对一线二列位动车段(所)的特殊运营场景及运输需求,从联锁图表编制、分割信号机的联锁关系以及进路解锁3个方面,分析计算机联锁系统的特殊设计。通过对比各类应用方案及适用场景,给出建议方案;提出需结合站场布局及设备间接口内容,确定是否采用小进路方案编制联锁图表;在建立长接车进路时,应检查分割信号机的开放状态,建议按列车信号机标准,为分割信号机设置主副灯丝转换,并将主灯丝断丝纳入灯丝报警,同时为分割信号机增设引导功能;长进路正常解锁时应增加停稳逻辑判断并延时解锁,增加人工解锁分割信号机防护进路的功能,合理设置延时解锁时间。可为后续动车段(所)相关工程设计及产品制造提供思路及借鉴。

基于云计算的联锁系统发展探讨

作为面向未来铁路信号系统的一种发展趋势,将云平台应用到联锁系统中有助于建设现代化铁路。通过对国内外铁路信号安全相关系统中应用云计算的相关研究概况进行调研,在深入分析将云计算引入铁路信号安全相关系统中不同方案架构的技术特点基础上,针对铁路信号系统现代化的应用场景和需求,研究基于云计算的联锁系统功能,提出将云计算引入联锁系统发展的实现思路,并从高安全平台架构设计、软件监视技术、时钟同步技术、同步表决技术和系统防御技术等关键技术角度,探讨基于云计算的联锁系统面临的挑战,分析基于云计算的联锁系统发展趋势。对基于云计算的联锁系统发展面临的挑战给出相应的应对措施,为基于云计算的联锁系统发展提供参考。

催化重整装置健康度评价

对炼化装置的健康评价主要关注故障检测和故障诊断领域,这种技术仅能监测现场装置是否存在故障,难以发现装置在长期运行过程中可能出现的潜在异常或故障;为解决这一问题,提出了一种针对装置级别的健康度评价体系,该评价体系建立了包括工艺分组健康度、安全联锁健康度和能耗环保健康度3个方面的评价指标,进而计算出催化重整装置整体的健康度;将装置按级划分,并采用层次分析法确定各级权重,接着通过控制回路异常检测技术结合设定的打分规则,计算出工艺分组健康度;根据预警机制复现安全联锁系统,并分析能耗环保指标,得到装置整体评价结果;将文章提出的评价体系应用于某炼化厂催化重整装置,试验结果表明,该方法能够对催化重整装置进行定量和合理的评价。

现代有轨电车信号系统控制方案的研究

通过分析既有有轨电车信号系统控制方案的优缺点,以张家口崇礼奥运赛区冰雪小镇有轨电车信号系统工程为研究对象,提出1种“集中联锁、分布式控制”的有轨电车信号系统控制方案。该方案既简化整体系统架构,降低系统构成的复杂度,还能有效保障有轨电车各岔区区间的行车安全,控制人因安全风险。

氯碱设计中安全仪表系统的应用

在氯碱设计中,安全仪表系统被广泛应用,以防止重大事故的发生。本文探讨了氯碱设计中安全仪表系统的应用,包括其设计原理、功能和实施效果。