Rare Earths of Magmatic Rocks in Yanshanian Stage in Adjacent Region of Anhui and Jiangxi Provinces, Jiangnan Uplift

The geochemical characteristics of rare earth elements of magmatic rocks of Yanshanian stage were studied in the south of Anhui Province and northeast of Jiangxi Province, Jiangnan Uplift. The result shows that the magmatic rocks of Yanshanian stage in the south of Anhui Province are the typical crust source type and those in the northeast of Jiangxi Province have the characteristics of mantle source type. So the polymetal deposits having relation to the magmatic rocks of Yanshanian stage in the northeast of Jiangxi Province were developed better than those in the south of Anhui Province. The research results of the rare earth elements are confirmed by the studies of geophysics,tectonic setting and stable isotope at the same time. It also indicates that the rare earth elements are the effective approach to tracing the material sources of magmatic rocks.

Rare Earth Element Geochemistry on Magmatic Rocks and Gold Deposits in Shizishan Ore-Field of Tongling, China

REE geochemical characteristics of the magmatic rocks and gold deposits in Shizishan ore-field of Tongling were studied. Three types of the magmatic rocks have almost the same chondrite-normalized REE patterns, Eu and Ce anomalous values, and ∑REE, ∑LREE/∑HREE regular changes, which indicates that their magmas come from the same source and their digenetic mechanism is fractional crystallization. In three gold deposits, the mineral ores and related altered rocks have similar chondrite-normalized REE patterns and sharp Eu positive anomalous values. The REE contents reduced from the magmatic rocks to skamization or alteration magmatic rocks, skam type ores, sulphide type ores, wall-rocks limestone or marble. The REE geochemical characteristics of the ores and related rocks show that primary fluids originated from magmatic differentiation in lower pressure of shallow crust, ore-forming hydrothermal solutions gained REE and mineralization elements further from leaching the magmatic rocks, then superimposed and reformed the limestones or marbles and deposited ore-forming material.

Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Volcanic Rocks in the Yeba Formation on the Gangdise Magmatic Arc, Tibet

The Early Jurassic bimodal volcanic rocks in the Yeba Formation, situated between Lhasa, Dagze and Maizhokunggar, composed of metabasalt, basaltic ignimbrite, dacite, silicic tuff and volcanic breccia, are an important volcanic suite for the study of the tectonic evolution of the Gangdise magmatic arc and the Mesozoic Tethys. Based on systematic field investigations, we carried out geochemical studies on representative rock samples. Major and trace element compositions were analyzed for these rock samples by XRF and ICP-MS respectively, and an isotope analysis of Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd was carried out by a MAT 262 mass spectrograph. The results show that the SiO2 contents in lava rocks are 41 %-50.4% and 64 % -69 %, belonging to calc-alkaline basalt and dacite. One notable feature of the basalt is its low TiO2 content, 0.66%-1.01%, much lower than those of continental tholeiite. The ∑REE contents of basalt and dacite are 60.3-135 μg/g and 126, 4--167.9μg/ g respectively. Both rocks have similar REE and other trace element characteristics, with enriched LREE and LILE relative to HREE and HFS, similar REE patterns without Eu anomaly. The basalts have depleted Ti, Ta and Nb and slightly negative Nb and Ta anomalies, with Nb = 0.54--1.17 averaging 0. 84. The dacites have depleted P and Ti and also slightly negative Nb and Ta anomalies, with Nb= 0. 74 -1. 06 averaging 0. 86. Major and trace elemental and isotopic studies suggest that both basalt and dacite originated from the partial melting of the mantle wedge at different degrees above the subduction zone. The spinal Iherzolite in the upper mantle is likely to be their source rocks, which might have been affected by the selective metasomatism of fluids with crustal geochemistry. The LILE contents of both rocks were affected by metamorphism at later stages. The Yeba bimodal volcanic rocks formed in a temporal extensional situation in a mature island arc resulting from the Indosinian Gangdise magmatic arc.

Three Stages of Zircon Growth in Magmatic Rocks from the Pingtan Complex,Eastern China

Morphological and chemical studies on zircon grains from gabbro and granite of the Pingtan magmatic complex, Fujian Province, eastern China, show that there are three stages of zircon growth. The early stage of zircon growth is characterized by colorlessness, high transparence and birefringence, low and dispersive Ipr and Ipy, weak and homogeneous BSE brightness, lower Hf content and depletion of U, Th and Y; the middle stage is characterized by abruptly increasing lpy, progressively strong and sectoral-zoning BSE brightness, higher Hf content and enrichment of U, Th and Y with Th/U 〉 1; the late stage of growth is characterized by brownish color, poor transparence, low birefringence, highest Ipr and Ipy, middle and oscillatorily-zoning BSE brightness, highest contents of Hf, U and Y with Th/U 〈 1. The stages are considered to be formed in a deep magma chamber, ascent passage and emplacement site, respectively. Due to the more or less long residual time of the magma chamber, the difference in age between the early and late stages of zircon might be great enough to be distinguished, which can be attributed to tectonic constraint for the magnlatism.

2.2Ga Subduction-Related Mafic Magmatic Rocks in the Kongling Complex:Evidence for the Assembly of the Columbia Supercontinent

Objective Petrogenesis of the Paleoproterozoic mafic dikes and their tectonic implications are of great significance to the tectonic evolution of the Yangtze craton as well as the paleoposition of the Yangtze craton relative to the Columbia supercontinent.Till now,

Characteristics of Magmatic Rocks and Tectonic Setting of Mazhuangshan Area, East Tianshan, China

The Mazhuangshan area lies in northeast to Aqikekuduke, where are distributed intermediate\|acid rocks, which were formed in the Middle\|Late Carboniferous epoch. The magmatic rocks are peraluminous and belong to calcareous series. All values of ACNK(1.03-\{2.12\}), ANK(1.67-2.93), SI(4.1-33), δ(0.71-4.82), La/ΣREE(0.09-0.26) ΣLREE/ΣHREE(1.76-11.01), (La/Sm)\-N(1.60-6.35), (Sm/Nd)\-N(0.33-0.58), (La/Yb)\-N(4.7-12.1), La\-N/Lu\-X(5.9-11.8), (Ce/Yb)\-N(3.14-6.64), δEu(0.38-\{1.06\}), Rb\-N/Sr\-N(42-120) and Sr\+*(0.02-0.2) demonstrate they vary with DI(\{45-90\}). S\|B diagram also shows that the lithophile elements are abundant in acidic magmatic rocks. Moreover, it is concluded that the primitive magma originated from a subduction zone at the continental edge, and underwent fractional crystallization and contamination, then generated the magmatic rocks. The multi\|cation index (R1: 3055-3993, R2: 286-438) shows that the primitive magma originated from the mantle. All these conclusions are beneficial for exploring gold deposits in the area.

A Thickness Gauge for the Lithosphere Based on Ce/Yb and Sm/Yb of Mantle–Derived Magmatic Rocks

A new method for determining the partial melting depth of mantle-derived magma and lithospheric thickness in continental regions is derived from REE geochemistry. This effective technique uses variations in the Ce/Yb and Sm/Yb ratios found in mainly volcanic rocks in continental China. The ratios change with the depth of origin consistent with the correlation between lithospheric thickness and the Ce/Yb and Sm/Yb ratios found in oceanic basalt. These ratios increase exponentially with the depth of origin, the lithospheric thickness, of a wide variety of Cenozoic volcanic basalt and Paleozoic kimberlite in the North China Craton, northeastern China continent and vicinity. This functional relationship with depth is shown in a plot of the ratios that forms a concordia curve, which is closely expressed by formulas using 8–degree polynomials. These provide a more accurate gage in measuring the lithospheric thickness than the traditional geophysical methods. When applied to volcanic rock of different ages it also reveals how the thickness has changed over time and thus, greatly aids the understanding of the tectonic history. Relations between the COcontent, mineral reactions and pressure in the upper asthenosphere beneath the base of the lithosphere appears to affect the proportions of REE in partial melts and brings about a close correlation between lithospheric thickness and the Ce/Yb and Sm/Yb ratios in mantle–derived magmatic rock. This thickness gauge, for both continental and oceanic lithosphere, provides a new approach in analyzing the lithospheric thickness in different tectonic settings and geologic times.

Magmatic Network Structure of Volcanic Rocks in the Shengli Oilfield, Eastern China

Abstract: Types of polymerized molecular network structure and degree of bond breakdown for glass phases of magmatic inclusions and glassy matrix in volcanic rocks from the Shengli oilfield have been defined by the laser Raman spectroscopic investigation. There are significant differences in types of polymerized molecular network structure and degree of bond breakdown of the magmatic glass phases between the non-CO2 and CO2 gas pools: magmatic glass phases of fluid inclusions and matrix in volcanic rocks from the CO2 gas pool contain more sheet network molecules and have a greater degree of bond beakdown than those from the non-CO2 gas pool; and when gas bubbles occur in evolving magma, magma saturated with volatile components has more sheet network molecules. The results suggest the magmadegassing mechanism of the formation of CO2 gas pools in the Shengli oilfield.

Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Magmatic Rocks from Zedong Ophiolite, Eastern Yarlung-Zangbo Suture Zone, Tibet

The Yarlung Zangbo suture zone extends more than2000 km along southern Tibet and marks the boundary between the Indian subcontinent and Eurasia.The Zedong terrane has been not suggested to represent the vestige of such an intra-oceanic arc developed within the Neo-Tethys Ocean,as a result of the northward subduction of the Neo-Tethys Ocean during the Late Jurassic.In this study,we present detailed geochemical and geochronological data of various types of magmatic rocks widely exposed in the Zedong terrane to constrain the formation age and tectonic setting of the Zedong terrane.We found that the Zedong volcanic rocks belong to high K2O calc-alkaline series,whereas the diabase and gabbro plotted in the low-K calcalkline.The basalt rocks are highly enriched in LREE and LILE,but strongly depleted in HFSE,indicating they were derived from a metasomatized mantle.Both gabbros and diabase have similar N-MORB geochemistry indicates that the cumulates were produced from MOR setting.Zircons from four samples,including the basalt rocks(158-161Ma)are older than the gabbro(131 Ma),certificate the gabbro are as the vein intrude into the basalt rocks.This suggests that the volcanic eruption and plutonic emplacement were coevally developed in the Zedonghave similar positiveεHf(t)values(+2.0 to+15.6)and(+8.6 to+18.4),indicating they were stemmed from similarly depleted mantle sources,same with the gabbro and granitic rocks from the Gangdese arc.Therefore,we proposed that the basalt rocks in the Zedong terrane were formed through partial melting of the mantle wedge metasomatized by slab-released fluids/melts.A part of hydrous basalts were underplated in the thickened lower crust beneath the Zedong terrane,which gave rise to the cumulate and granitic rocks.This suggests that the Zedong terrane represents a slice of the active continental margin developed on the southern margin of the Lhasa terrane as a result of the northward subduction of the Neo-Tethys Ocean during the Late Jurassic,although a possible intra-oceanic arc setting cannot be excluded.

Geochemistry of Magmatic Rocks of the Syama Belt, Southern Mali, West African Craton

Within southern Mali, the Syama belt constitutes a linear major structure-oriented N-S, which host several gold deposits (e.g., Syama and Tabakoroni) and prospect areas (e.g. Tellem). The Syama Belt is formed by magmatic rocks (basalts, lamprophyres, andesites, dacites and microgranites);sedimentary rocks (shales) and volcano-sedimentary rocks (pyroclastics). The magmatic rocks are divided into two main volcanic series: tholeiitic affinity rocks (basalts and lamprophyres) and calc-alkaline affinity (andesites) that are the most evolved. The field relationships between rocks of these two series suggest that the calc-alkaline series are younger the tholeiitic series. These tholeiitic series present the Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt (MORB) affinity whereas the calc-alkaline series would be linked to an island arc-type. This coexistence is not an isolated case within the West African Craton (WAC). Otherwise, the Syama belt has all the characteristics of other belts, within which a number of gold deposits are developed, in the WAC.

Dynamic disaster control of backfill mining under thick magmatic rock in one side goaf:A case study

In order to explore the control effect of backfill mining on dynamic disasters under special geological mining conditions of overlying thick magmatic rock(TMR),a three-dimensional numerical model of a panel of one side goaf in Yangliu coal mine with double-yield backfill material constitutive model was developed.The simulation results were then compared with field monitoring data.The dynamic disaster control effect of both caving and backfill mining was analyzed in three different aspects,i.e.,displacement field,stress field and energy field.The results show that in comparison to the full caving mining method,the bearing capacity of the goaf after backfilling was enhanced,the backfill mining can effectively reduce the stress and energy accumulated in the coal/rock body,and the backfill mining eliminates the further moving space of TMR and prevents its sudden rupture.Before TMR fracture,the subsidence displacement of TMR was reduced by 65.3%,the front abutment stress of panel decreased by 9.4%on average and the high energy concentration zone around panel was also significantly reduced.Overall,the results of this study provide deeper insights into the control of dynamic disasters by backfill mining in mines.

The Sachakou Deposit in West Kunlun of Xinjiang: A Pb-Zn Polymetallic Deposit Associated with Magmatic Metasomatism of Carbonate Rock

Objective The Sachakou Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit is located in Hetian County, Xinjiang （geographical coordinates of E78° 57＇ 54.30＂-78°59＇ 53.63＂, N34° 39＇ 27.50＂-34° 40＇ 57.21＂）. It belongs to the West Kunlun orogenic belt on the northwest edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and is connected to the Sanjiang orogenic belt to the south （Spurlin et al., 2005）. In recent years, a series of Pb-Zn mineralized spots and deposits have been discovered in this area one after another, which is called the Huoshaoyun ore concentration area. Among them, the Sachakou Pb-Zn deposit has reserves up to140 Mt, which has reached a large scale. However, the study on the genesis of deposits in this area has only just begun. This work studied the genesis ofthis Pb-Zn deposit in order to provide new ideas for the genesis of regional deposits and regional prospecting.

Geochemical characteristics of mafic and ultramafic rocks from the Naga Hills Ophiolite, India:Implications for petrogenesis

The Naga Hills Ophiolite(NHO) represents one of the fragments of Tethyan oceanic crust in the Himalayan Orogenic system which is exposed in the Phek and Kiphire districts of Nagaland, India. The NHO is composed of partially serpentinized dunite, peridotite, gabbro, basalt, minor plagiogranite,diorite dyke and marine sediments. The basalts are mainly composed of fine grained plagioclase feldspar, clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene and show quenching and variolitic textures. The gabbros are characterized by medium to coarse grained plagioclase, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene with ophitic to sub-ophitic textures. The ultramafic cumulates are represented by olivine, Cpx and Opx.Geochemically, the basalts and gabbros are sub-alkaline to alkaline and show tholeiitic features.The basalts are characterized by 44.1-45.6 wt.% of SiO_2 with 28-38 of Mg#, and the gabbros by38.7-43.7 wt.% of SiO_2, and 26-79 of Mg#. The ultramafic rocks are characterized by 37.4-52.2 wt.% of SiO_2, and 80-88 of Mg#. In multi-element diagrams(spidergrams) both basalts and gabbros show fractionated trends with strong negative anomalies of Zr. Nb. Sr and a gentle negative anomaly of P.However, the rare earth element(REE) plots of the basalts and gabbros show two distinct patterns. The first pattern, represented by light REE(LREE) depletion, suggests N-MORB features and can be interpreted as a signature of Paleo-Tethyan oceanic crust. The second pattern, represented by LREE enrichment with negligible negative Eu anomaly, conforms to E-MORB, and may be related to an arc tectonic setting. In V vs. Ti/1000, Cr vs. Y and AFM diagrams, the basalts and gabbros plot within Island Arc Tholeiite(IAT) and MORB fields suggesting both ridge and arc related settings. The ultramafic rocks exhibit two distinct patterns both in spidergrams and in REE plots. In the spidergram, one group displays highly enriched pattern, whereas the other group shows near flat pattern compared to primordial mantle. In the REE plot, one group displays steeper slopes [(La/Yb)N = 4.340-4.341], whereas the other displays moderate to flat slopes [(La/Yb)N = 0.97-1.67] and negative Eu-anomalies. Our study suggests that the ultramafic rocks represent two possible mantle sources(fertile and refractory).

Oligocene subduction-related plutonism in the Nodoushan area,Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic belt: Petrogenetic constraints from U-Pb zircon geochronology and isotope geochemistry

Geochemical data and Sr-Nd isotopes of the host rocks and magmatic microgranular enclaves(MMEs)collected from the Oligocene Nodoushan Plutonic Complex(NPC) in the central part of the Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Belt(UDMB) were studied in order to better understand the magmatic and geodynamic evolution of the UDMB. New U-Pb zircon ages reveal that the NPC was assembled incrementally over ca. 5 m.y., during two main episodes at 30.52 ± 0.11 Ma and 30.06 ± 0.10 Ma in the early Oligocene(middle Rupelian) for dioritic and granite intrusives, and at 24.994 ± 0.037 Ma and 24.13 ± 0.19 Ma in the late Oligocene(latest Chattian) for granodioritic and diorite porphyry units,respectively. The spherical to ellipsoidal enclaves are composed of diorite to monzodiorite and minor gabbroic diorite(SiO_2 = 47.73-57.36 wt.%; Mg# = 42.15-53.04); the host intrusions are mainly granite,granodiorite and diorite porphyry(SiO_2 = 56.51-72.35 wt.%; Mg# = 26.29-50.86). All the samples used in this study have similar geochemical features, including enrichment in large ion lithophile elements(LILEs, e.g. Rb, Ba, Sr) and light rare earth elements(LREEs) relative to high field strength elements(HFSEs) and heavy rare earth elements(HREEs). These features, combined with a relative depletion in Nb,Ta, Ti and P, are characteristic of subduction-related magmas. Isotopic data for the host rocks display ISr = 0.705045-0.707959, εNd(t) =-3.23 to +3.80, and the Nd model ages(TDM) vary from 0.58 Ga to 1.37 Ga. Compared with the host rocks, the MMEs are relatively homogeneous in isotopic composition,with Isr ranging from 0.705513 to 0.707275 and εNd(t) from -1.46 to 4.62. The MMEs have TDM ranging from 0.49 Ga to 1.39 Ga. Geochemical and isotopic similarities between the MMEs and their host rocks demonstrate that the enclaves have mixed origins and were most probably formed by interactions between the lower crust-and mantle-derived magmas. Geochemical data, in combination with geodynamic evidence, suggest that a basic magma was derived from an enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle(SCLM), presumably triggered by the influx of the hot asthenosphere. This magma then interacted with a crustal melt that originated from the dehydration melting of the mafic lower crust at deep crustal levels. Modeling based on Sr-Nd isotope data indicate that ～50% to 90% of the lower crust-derived melt and ～10% to 50% of the mantle-derived mafic magma were involved in the genesis of the early Oligocene magmas. In contrast,～45%-65% of the mantle-derived mafic magma were incorporated into the lower crust-derived magma(～35%-55%) that generated the late Oligocene hybrid granitoid rocks. Early Oligocene granitoid rocks contain a higher proportion of crustal material compared to those that formed in the late Oligocene. It is reasonable to assume that lower crust and mantle interaction processes played a significant role in the genesis of these hybridgranitoid bodies, where melts undergoing fractional crystallization along with minor amounts of crustal assimilation could ascend to shallower crustal levels and generate a variety of rock types ranging from diorite to granite.

MAGMATIC ACTIVITY RELATED TO LATE PALEOZOIC RIFTING IN CENTRAL QIANGTANG PLATEAU

Carboniferous—Lower Permian volcanic rocks and small\|scale basic and ultrabasic intrusions occur in Chabu\|Chasang region of central Qiangtang plateau in northern Tibet Detailed studies of petrology and geochemistry of magmatic rocks further indicate that there were really a Late Paleozoic rift valley in Chabu\|Chasang area, and no so\|called Paleo\|Tethys suture zone existed there. The rift initially split in early Carboniferous, access the peak in Lower Permian, is closed and folded during Late Permian. The volcanic rocks composed of mainly basalts, a small amount of basaltic andesites and andesites, are zonally distributed, and occur alternately with flysch or flyschoid sandstones, slates, pebbled slates, radiolarian cherts and carbonate rocks. The sedimentary facies change rapidly toward both sides and show rapid deposits of proximal gravity flow.

Characterization and Classification of Rocks with Lamb Modes

The nondestructive investigation by ultrasound has become a fundamental tool for characterizing rocks. We applied this technique for characterizing samples of rocks. The later had been members of the following three big families of geogical classification: magmatic rocks, metamorphic rocks, sedimentary rocks. The method usually used is based on the measurement of ultrasound parameters, i.e. the longitudinal and transversal propagation velocities. The measurement of these parameters allows to determine the mechanical properties of each rock. These studies do not allow to find the three big axes of the rocks. In this work we show for each rock his corresponding ultrasonic signature by the use of his experimentally determined Lamb dispersion curves. The obtained results put in evidence that the descending slope of the Lamb modes is a reliable and efficient criterion for classifying rocks by ultrasound. This is an adequate solution for a good classification of rocks. It gives a high precision, it is reliable and quick and last not least cheap.

Selected Major Elements Content in Igneous Rocks of Paraguay by Neutron and X-ray Irradiation

Plutonic and volcanic rocks were analyzed by INAA （Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis） ana XRF （X-ray flurescence） in their major components for its classification. The samples proceed from the sites/regions corresponding to the Precambrian to Paleozoic/Postpaleozoic magmatism in the eastern and western Paraguay. The analysed elements were Si, A1, Na and K and thus the SiO2, AI/O3, Na2O and K2O content determined. The activation were performed in an annular 25Ci Am-Be neutron source with total flux of 5×10^7n.s^-1. The reactions used were （1） ^28Si （n, p） ^27A1, （2） ^27A1 （n, p） ^27Mg; （3） ^23Na （n, γ） ^24Na, the fourth element of interest, potassium, was analysed by XRF. The procedure overall uncertainties were checked as per the analysis of three compositae samples of SiO2： ＋ A12O3 ＋ NaHCO3 ＋ K2CO3 prepared as standards in convenient proportions. The determination of these parameters according to the last recommendations of the IUGS （International Union of Geosciences）, permits the classification of the rocks in the categories acid, intermediate, basic and ultrabasie, as well as the identification of the rock family and in certain cases, the norm and their magmatic provenance.

岩浆通道成矿核心内涵“两深一浅一通道”及其找矿意义

岩浆通道成矿模型的建立深刻改变了岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床成因研究的范式,成为该领域的研究前沿,而且已经成功地应用于找矿勘查中。该模型揭示了硫化物熔离与聚集成矿在空间上的不一致性以及成矿与相关玄武岩铂族元素强烈亏损的成因联系,很好地解释了为什么很多含矿岩体围岩贫硫化物的现象。笔者将该模型的核心内涵概括为“两深一浅一通道”,“两深”指成矿物质来源于地幔、硫化物熔离发生在深部,“一浅”指硫化物的聚集成矿主要发生在较浅的岩浆房,“一通道”指较稳定的岩浆通道更有利于成大矿。结合对典型矿床和成矿带的分析,笔者提出侵位较浅的、规模相对较大的岩体,其成矿潜力好于深部的岩浆通道相。因此,认为地表矿化并不是唯一可靠的、甚至不能作为最重要的找矿标志,要提高找矿效率(特别是隐伏矿床),首先要全面分析成矿带岩浆通道系统在不同区域的埋藏、剥蚀和暴露状况,目标岩体地质产状及其与围岩时代差异等宏观地质要素,查明深部通道相与浅部岩体空间分布和形成深度的差异,在此基础上,判断浅部岩体的位置、合理部署重点勘查区域、选择有效的勘查技术、定位目标岩体,进行钻探验证。

山东地区中生代岩浆岩中放射性元素富集规律及其对大地热流异常的指示意义

为进一步了解岩浆岩中放射性元素富集与大地热流异常的相关性,以山东地区中生代岩浆岩为研究对象,从岩石类型、元素含量、岩石形成年龄、放射性生热元素Th、U丰度、大地热流等方面进行分析。结果表明:区内正长岩Th、U丰度最高,酸性岩和碱性岩的Th、U含量相对较高;Th、U元素与Si、K元素含量存在正相关,与Fe、Mg等其他主量元素存在负相关,与Nb、Ta、Pb及稀土元素也存在较为明显的正相关;放射性元素丰度与大地热流存在一定的正相关,但还受到地壳厚度等多种因素的影响;研究进一步揭示放射性元素、岩浆岩及地热之间的关系,对山东地区地热资源的开发和利用具有一定借鉴意义。

滇东地区裂谷盆地内火山-侵入岩序列与金属成矿

碱性岩浆对金属成矿和金属矿集区有独特控制作用,因火山—侵入岩序列与金属成矿和岩浆叠加侵入构造系统识别难度大,长期制约了深部勘探和找矿预测。本文以云南东川铁铜金矿集区(元古宙陆缘裂谷盆地)和个旧锡铜钨铯铷多金属矿集区(三叠纪弧后裂谷盆地)为主,采用大比例尺构造岩相学填图新方法,解析研究了碱性岩浆活动有关的火山—侵入岩侵入序列与岩石组合、裂谷盆地演化和岩浆叠加侵入构造系统,揭示了它们与滇东地区铁氧化物铜金型(IOCG)、铜钴-金红石-稀土和锡铜钨铯铷多金属矿叠加成矿内在关系。研究认为:①云南东川铁铜金矿集区内,新太古代末期碱性岩类以方解石钠长岩(2520±14 Ma)和碱性铁质苦橄岩(2529±77 Ma)为主。新太古界—古元古界小溜口岩组(>2.50Ga)顶部古岩溶风化壳,受中元古代火山喷发—岩浆侵入构造叠加再造形成了特殊单元(独立填图单元,2.50~1.80Ga),它们是铜钴-金红石-稀土矿床的新找矿层位。②在中元古界因民组一段内,铁钠质碱性基性岩、铁钾质粗面岩和铁质碱性辉绿辉长岩等岩石组合形成于因民期火山断陷成盆期。因民组二段和三段是稀矿山式铁铜矿床储矿层位,铁铜矿层下盘铁钾质粗面岩为独居石型稀土成矿层位。在格林威尔造山期碱性钛铁质辉长岩(1097~1047 Ma)-碱性钛铁质闪长岩-碱性二长斑岩等碱性钛铁质侵入岩体,形成了白锡腊深部IOCG矿床和金红石富集成矿。③在个旧三叠纪弧后裂谷盆地内,三叠纪碱性苦橄岩和碱玄岩中形成了Sn-Cu-Zn-Li-Rb-Cs初始富集;在晚白垩世浅色花岗岩叠加成矿作用下,形成了金云母矽卡岩型锡铜钨铯铷矿床。④裂谷盆地内早期碱性岩中初始富集金属与后期富含成矿金属的碱性侵入岩叠加成矿可能是金属超常富集机理。在东川地区岩浆叠加侵入构造内,岩浆热液角砾岩筒对铜钴-金红石-稀土元素叠加富集成矿控制显著;在个旧地区,浅色花岗岩侵入于碱性苦橄岩-碱玄岩中,对金云母矽卡岩型锡铜钨钴铯铷矿床的叠加富集成矿控制显著。