Clinical Effectiveness of the Plate Screw Internal Fixation Technique in the Treatment of Patients with Traumatic Fractures of Long Bones in the Lower Extremities

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of the plate screw internal fixation technique on the clinical outcomes of patients with traumatic fractures of long bones in the lower extremities. Methods: From January 2022 to December 2023, 70 patients with traumatic fractures of long bones in the lower extremities were admitted to the hospital and randomly divided into two groups: the control group and the observation group, each consisting of 35 cases. The control group underwent traditional closed interlocking intramedullary nailing, while the observation group received internal fixation with steel plates and screws. Relevant surgical indicators, treatment effectiveness, and postoperative complication rates were compared between the two groups. Results: The observation group exhibited significantly short surgical duration (80.65 ± 5.01 vs. 88.36 ± 5.26 minutes), fracture healing time (13.27 ± 0.32 vs. 15.52 ± 0.48 weeks), and hospitalization days (10.49 ± 1.13 vs. 16.57 ± 1.15 days) compared to the control group (P = 0.000). The effective treatment rate was significantly higher in the observation group (29/82.86%) than in the control group (21/60.00%), with a significant difference observed (χ2 = 4.480, P = 0.034). Additionally, the complication rate in the observation group (2/5.71%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (8/22.86%), with a correlated difference (χ2 = 4.200, P = 0.040). Conclusion: The plate screw internal fixation technique demonstrates significant clinical efficacy in treating traumatic fractures of long bones in the lower extremities. It improves the healing rate, reduces complications, and represents a safe and effective treatment strategy worthy of widespread use and application.

Internal Polarization Field Induced Hydroxyl Spillover Effect for Industrial Water Splitting Electrolyzers

The formation of multiple oxygen intermediates supporting efficient oxygen evolution reaction(OER)are affinitive with hydroxyl adsorption.However,ability of the catalyst to capture hydroxyl and maintain the continuous supply at active sits remains a tremendous challenge.Herein,an affordable Ni2P/FeP2 heterostructure is presented to form the internal polarization field(IPF),arising hydroxyl spillover(HOSo)during OER.Facilitated by IPF,the oriented HOSo from FeP2 to Ni2P can activate the Ni site with a new hydroxyl transmission channel and build the optimized reaction path of oxygen intermediates for lower adsorption energy,boosting the OER activity(242 mV vs.RHE at 100 mA cm-2)for least 100 h.More interestingly,for the anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer(AEMWE)with low concentration electrolyte,the advantage of HOSo effect is significantly amplified,delivering 1 A cm^(-2)at a low cell voltage of 1.88 V with excellent stability for over 50 h.

Experimental Study on Vortex-Induced Vibration of Marine Riser Model with Coupling Interference Effect Under Combined Internal and External Flow

A partition model of interference efficiency was constructed to study the coupling interference effect under combined internal and external flow.The concept of“internal flow efficiency”,“velocity ratio”and“interference efficiency”were introduced to quantify the effect of internal flow and interference,and reveal the coupling mechanism among internal flow,external flow and interference effect.The results showed that the dynamic response of risers under variable angles was significantly different after considering the effect of internal flow.When the external flow velocity was smaller than 0.25 m/s,the vibration of risers was promoted by the internal flow.With the increase of external flow velocity,the effect of internal flow was weakened and the dynamic response of riser mainly depended on the external flow and interference effect.Under the effect of different internal flow,the interference efficiency had similar change trend.The interference effect amplified the complex secondary flow effect inside the riser,making the dynamic response of riser complex and random.In this paper,the overlap area and subdivision criterion of interference effect were constructed within the range of experimental velocity ratio,and the change curve of interference efficiency was obtained with an average meaning,which may have important practical meaning.

The effectiveness of internal audit in Malaysian public sector

Internal audit in Malaysian public and private sector organizations underwent a steady organic growth since gaining a foothold in the management process in the 1970s. The management of the Malaysian public sector is continuously maturing in facilitating foreign input in national development, echoing similar advances expounded by the internal audit units of private sector organizations. The main difference being the public sector addresses the interest of a much wider group of stakeholders. Rapid development in infrastructures and industries positioned Malaysia on the fringes of globalization and the world market. This enlarges the crucial role of internal auditing to ensure transparency, integrity, quality and improved service delivery; among myriad positive aims, remain the end point of any process area. This study explored the significance of internal auditing in the Malaysian public sector, and its subsequent extent and influence in public sector hierarchy and decision making. Data was collected from responses to a questionnaire distributed to head of internal auditors, internal auditors and other staff of internal audit departments from various categories of public sector departments and agencies in Malaysia. The study concluded that the internal audit function in the public sector in Malaysia is curtailed by understaffing and hampered by inadequate support from top management while, the auditors seldom extend their full cooperation. The auditors themselves lack appropriate knowledge and training on effective auditing approaches. The negative perception accorded to internal audit led to inaction by management on recommended remedies which only serve to nullify the positive contribution internal audit potentially holds to elevate the service delivery quality of the public sector.

Characteristics of Audit Committee and Effectiveness of Its Internal Control

The Audit Committee is a very important part in the enterprise, its main role is on behalf of the Board of Directors to review, monitor and evaluate the cotnpany＇ s internal control. Playing the role of the audit committee can help prevent the economic crisis because of poor management, prevent the phenomenon of corporate embezzlement and accounting fraud. It is an important role in internal control. The thesis begins with an introduction to the Audit Committee, and analyzes the characteristics of Audit Committee and effectiveness of internal controls.

Testification on Effectiveness of Average or Weight-added Internal Rate of Return

It seems that an effective way of how to make the right choice of Various investment projects is based on the theory of average internal income rate, or the theory of weight-added internal income rate. With several examples of numerical value, this paper proves that this method is not as effective as expected, but indirectly testifies that only with the principle of maximization of NPV that independent projects can be the best combination of projects with limited investment that is achieved.

Experimental, Numerical and Simplified Theoretical Model Study for Internal Solitary Wave Load on FPSO with Emphasis on Scale Effect

Scale effect of ISWs loads on Floating Production Storage and Offloading(FPSO) is studied in this paper. The application conditions of KdV, eKdV and MCC ISWs theories are used in the numerical method. The depthaveraged velocities induced by ISWs are used for the velocity-inlet boundary. Three scale ratio numerical models λ=1, 20 and 300 were selected, which the scale ratio is the size ratio of numerical models to the experimental model.The comparisons between the numerical and former experimental results are performed to verify the feasibility of numerical method. The comparisons between the numerical and simplified theoretical results are performed to discuss the applicability of the simplified theoretical model summarized from the load experiments. Firstly, the numerical results of λ=1 numerical model showed a good agreement with former experimental and simplified theoretical results. It is feasible to simulate the ISWs loads on FPSO by the numerical method. Secondly, the comparisons between the results of three scale ratio numerical models and experimental results indicated that the scale ratios have more significant influence on the experimental horizontal forces than the vertical forces. The scale effect of horizontal forces mainly results from the different viscosity effects associated with the model’s dimension.Finally, through the comparisons between the numerical and simplified theoretical results for three scale ratio models, the simplified theoretical model of the pressure difference and friction forces exerted by ISWs on FPSO is applied for large-scale or full-scale FPSO.

Nonlinear Analysis of Flexible and Steel Catenary Risers with Internal Flow and Seabed Interaction Effects

Flexible risers and steel catenary risers often provide unique riser solutions for today’s deepwater field development. Accurate analysis of these slender structures, in which there are high-speed HP/HT internal flows, is critical to ensure personnel and asset safety. In this study, a special global coordinate-based FEM rod model was adopted to identify and quantify the effects of internal flow and hydrostatic pressure on both flexible and deepwater steel catenary risers, with emphasis on the latter. By incorporating internal flow induced forces into the model, it was found that the internal flow contributes a new term to the effective tension expression. For flexible risers in shallow water, internal flow and hydrostatic pressure made virtually no change to effective tension by merely altering the riser wall tension. In deep water the internal pressure wielded a dominant role in governing the riser effective tension and furthering the static configuration, while the effect of inflow velocity was negligible. With respect to the riser seabed interaction, both the seabed support and friction effect were considered, with the former modeled by a nonlinear quadratic spring, allowing for a consistent derivation of the tangent stiffness matrix. The presented application examples show that the nonlinear quadratic spring is, when using the catenary solution as an initial static profile, an efficient way to model the quasi-Winkler-type elastic seabed foundation in this finite element scheme.

Nonlocal and strain gradient effects on nonlinear forced vibration of axially moving nanobeams under internal resonance conditions

Based on the nonlocal strain gradient theory(NSGT), a model is proposed for an axially moving nanobeam with two kinds of scale effects. The internal resonanceaccompanied fundamental harmonic response of the external excitation frequency in the vicinities of the first and second natural frequencies is studied by adopting the multivariate Lindstedt-Poincaré(L-P) method. Based on the root discriminant of the frequencyamplitude equation under internal resonance conditions, theoretical analyses are performed to investigate the scale effects of the resonance region and the critical external excitation amplitude. Numerical results show that the region of internal resonance is related to the amplitude of the external excitation. Particularly, the internal resonance disappears after a certain critical value of the external excitation amplitude is reached.It is also shown that the scale parameters, i.e., the nonlocal parameters and the material characteristic length parameters, respectively, reduce and increase the critical amplitude,leading to a promotion or suppression of the occurrence of internal resonance. In addition,the scale parameters affect the size of the enclosed loop of the bifurcated solution curves as well by changing their intersection, divergence, or tangency.

Mechanical effects of circular liquid inclusions inside soft matrix:role of internal pressure change and surface tension

The mechanical effects of dilute liquid inclusions on the solid-liquid composite are explored,based on an analytical circular inclusion model incorporating the internal pressure change of the liquid and the surface tension of the interface.Several simple explicit dependences of the stress field and effective stiffness on the bulk modulus and the size of the liquid,the surface tension,and Poisson’s ratio of the matrix are derived.The results show that the stresses in the matrix are reduced,and the stiffness of the solid-liquid composite is enhanced with the consideration of either the surface tension or the internal pressure change.Particularly,the effective Young’s modulus predicted by the present model for either soft or stiff matrices agrees well with the known experimental data.In addition,according to the theoretical results,it is possible to stiffen a soft solid by pressured gas with the presence of the surface tension of the solid-gas interface.

Comparison of Clinical Effect of PFNA and Internal Fixation with Anatomical Locking Plate of Proximal Femur in Treatment of Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur

Purpose:To investigate the clinical value of proximal femoral nail antirotation and anatomical locking plate of proximal femur in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of femur.Methods:The study group is treated with PFNA internal fixation.The control group is treated by internal fixation with anatomical locking plate of proximal femur.Results:The time of operation,the amount of intraoperative bleeding and the time of fracture healing in the study group are significantly less than those in the control group.The incidence rate of complication in the study group(3.23%)is significantly lower than that in the control group(17.2%).Data comparison shows P<0.05.Conclusion:The curative effect and prognosis for patients with intertrochanteric fracture of femur treated by PFNA internal fixation are more ideal.

EFFECT OF BIAS STRESS ON NON-LINEAR INTERNAL FRICTION OF Al-Mg ALLOY

The influence of longitudinal and torsional bias stresses on anomalous amplitude-dependent internal friction was studied.The longitudinal bias stress may always weaken the anomalous amplitude-dependent effect,while the torsional one may induce different effects from differ- ent directions applied.Bias stress effect exhibits only in properly heat treated and cold worked ahoy specimens.The anomalous amplitude-dependent internal friction peaks,P_3,P_2 and P_1, are found to be related closely to slant dislocation kink chains.Thus,the application of bias stress to internal friction would be contributed to the study on dislocation structure.

Internal co-seismic deformation and curvature effect based on an analytical approach

In this study, we present a new method to compute internal co-seismic deformations of a homoge- neous sphere, based on our previous approach （Dong et al. 2016）. In practical numerical computations, we consider a strike-slip point source as an example, and compute the vertical co-seismic displacement on different internal spherical surfaces （including the Earth surface）. Numerical results show that the internal co-seismic deformations are generally larger than that on the Earth surface; especially, the maximum co-seismic displacement appears around the seismic source. The co-seismic displacements are opposite in sign for the areas over and beneath the position of the seismic source. The results also indicate that the curvature effect of the internal deformation is pretty large, and larger than that on the Earth surface. The results indicate that the dislocation theory for a sphere is necessary in computing internal co-seismic deformations.

Comparison of Clinical Effect of PFNA and Internal Fixation with Anatomical Locking Plate of Proximal Femur in Treatment of Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur

Purpose To investigate the clinical value of proximal femoral nail antirotation and anatomical locking plate of proximal femur in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of femur.Methods The study group is treated with PFNA internal fixation.The control group is treated by internal fixation with anatomical locking plate of proximal femur.Results The time of operation,the amount of intraoperative bleeding and the time of fracture healing in the study group are significantly less than those in the control group.The incidence rate of complication in the study group(3.23%)is significantly lower than that in the control group(17.2%).Data comparison shows P<0.05.Conclusion The curative effect and prognosis for patients with intertrochanteric fracture of femur treated by PFNA internal fixation are more ideal.

The effect of internal tides on the vertical structure of tidal current in the North Huanghai Sea

The tidal current is generally predominant in China's offshore areas. The vertical structure of the observedtidal current is quite complicated with the presence of seasonal thermocline. The observed tidal current may be divided into two parts, an averaged barotropic tide current and a variation tide current. A method for studying the vertical structure of tidal current is developed from the constitution and distribution of energy, and the vertical structure of the observed tide current in the North Huanghai Sea is studied on the basis of the method. The result shows that the reason why the energy of the tidal current is concentrated on the neighbourhood of the thermocline mainly lies in the internal tides i under certain conditions, the fact that the direction of the internal tide current above the thermocline is opposite to the one below the thermocline will be able to cause the rotary directions of the observed tidal current above and below the thermocline to be in opposite. The interaction between the averaged barotropic and the variation tide current plays an important role in forming the vertical structure of the tidal current, and it is mainly the interaction that results in the inho-mogeneous distribution of the tide current energy in the entire water column ; the ratio between the total energies of the internal tide current above the thermocline and the variation tide current in the entire water column is greater than the ratio between the total energies of that below the thermocline and the variation's. In a strong internal tide area such as the neighbourhood of Station L4, at diurnal tide frequency, the above-mentioned corresponding ratios are about 38. 82% and 29. 88%, respectively, and the energy of the internal tide current is about 68. 70%of the energy of the variation tide current; at semidiurnal tide frequency, the above-mentioned corresponding ratios are about 26. 61 % and 19. 73% , respectively, and the total internal tide current energy is about 46. 36% of the total variation tide current energy.

Industrial transmission effect of international metal price shocks in perspective of industry chain

Based on a new perspective of industry chain and selecting monthly data from February2006to December2015,this paper chooses eight Chinese industrial sectors to construct a SVAR model reflecting internal relationships among metal chains,analyzes the direct effects and indirect effects of international metal prices on output of various links in metal chains,then it investigates the main transmission path of international metal price shocks through decomposing the inflation pressure sources in metal chains.The results show that international metal price shocks not only affect industrial output in a direct way,but also indirectly affect the growth of output through the increased pressure on industrial inflation and then triggering a tightening of monetary policy implementation.Affected by factors such as the lack of market demand and the price transmission mechanism blocking,the direct effects of international metal price shocks mainly impact the upstream and midstream industry,while the downstream industry is mainly affected by indirect effects;in addition,the international metal price shocks have spillover effects on the industrial inflation,and transmit along the industry chain from upstream to downstream,and their strength weakens in sequence.

Modified virtual internal bond model based on deformable Voronoi particles

In last time,the series of virtual internal bond model was proposed for solving rock mechanics problems.In these models,the rock continuum is considered as a structure of discrete particles connected by normal and shear springs(bonds).It is well announced that the normal springs structure corresponds to a linear elastic solid with a fixed Poisson ratio,namely,0.25 for threedimensional cases.So the shear springs used to represent the diversity of the Poisson ratio.However,the shearing force calculation is not rotationally invariant and it produce difficulties in application of these models for rock mechanics problems with sufficient displacements.In this letter,we proposed the approach to support the diversity of the Poisson ratio that based on usage of deformable Voronoi cells as set of particles.The edges of dual Delaunay tetrahedralization are considered as structure of normal springs(bonds).The movements of particle’s centers lead to deformation of tetrahedrals and as result to deformation of Voronoi cells.For each bond,there are the corresponded dual face of some Voronoi cell.We can consider the normal bond as some beam and in this case,the appropriate face of Voronoi cell will be a cross section of this beam.If during deformation the Voronoi face was expand,then,according Poisson effect,the length of bond should be decrees.The above mechanism was numerically investigated and we shown that it is acceptable for simulation of elastic behavior in 0.1–0.3 interval of Poisson ratio.Unexpected surprise is that proposed approach give possibility to simulate auxetic materials with negative Poisson’s ratio in interval from–0.5 to–0.1.

Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of Huanglian Wendan Decoction alone or combined with western medicine in treating insomnia caused by phlegm-heat internal disturbance

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Huanglian Wendan Decoction(黄连温胆汤,HLWDD)alone or combined with western medicine in treating insomnia caused by phlegm-heat internal disturbance in recent 10 years.Methods The randomized controlled trials of HLWDD alone or combined with western medicine in treating insomnia caused by phlegm-heat internal disturbance from January 1,2012 to April 1,2022 were searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP),Wanfang Database,China BioMedical Literature Database(CBM),PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,and Cochrane Library databases.After being screening,the included literature was analyzed to evaluate the effective rate,Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)score,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome score,and adverse reactions of HLWDD on insomnia caused by phlegm-heat internal disturbance.The subgroup analyzed the effect of HLWDD after different treatment courses,and compared the therapeutic effects of HLWDD alone and HLWDD combined with western medicine.Results Twenty-seven randomized controlled trials were finally included,with a total of 2395 patients.The results of the meta-analysis showed that the curative effect of HLWDD alone or combined with the western medicine group was better than that of the western medicine group[RR=1.14,95%CI(1.06,1.22),P=0.000].The PSQI score[SMD=-0.31,95%CI(-0.42,-0.20),P=0.000],TCM syndrome score[SMD=-0.40,95%CI(-0.67,-0.12),P=0.005],and adverse reaction rate[RR=0.21,95%CI(0.15,0.29),P=0.000]of HLWDD alone or combined with western medicine group were significantly reduced compared with the western medicine group.The subgroup’s analysis showed that the curative effect of HLWDD alone or combined with western medicine group of 4 weeks treatment course was better than that of the western medicine group[RR=1.14,95%CI(1.03,1.26),P<0.05].The TCM syndrome score of HLWDD alone or combined with the western medicine group of 4 weeks treatment course decreased more obviously than that of the western medicine group[SMD=-0.60,95%CI(-0.96,-0.25),P<0.05].There were no significant differences between HLWDD alone or combined with western medicine group and western medicine group with different treatment courses based on PSQI score and adverse reaction rate.Based on the effective rate,the comparison between the HLWDD alone group and the western medicine group[RR=1.09,95%CI(1.00,-1.20)P<0.05],and between the HLWDD combined with western medicine group and the western medicine group[RR=1.15,95%CI(1.03,1.29),P<0.05]was the same.PSQI score[SMD=-0.44,95%CI(-0.59,-0.30),P<0.05]and TCM syndrome score[SMD=-1.10,95%CI(-1.59,-0.61),P<0.05]of HLWDD combined with western medicine group were significantly lower than those of the western medicine group.There were no significant differences of adverse reaction rate between HLWDD alone group[RR=0.08,95%CI(0.04,0.17),P<0.05]and HLWDD combined with western medicine group[RR=0.36,95%CI(0.24,0.53),P<0.05].Conclusion HLWDD alone or combined with western medicine is an effective treatment for insomnia caused by phlegm-heat internal disturbance,which has a high effective rate,significantly reduced PSQI score and TCM syndrome score,and favorable safety.The best course of treatment is 4 weeks.

INTERNAL STRESS MECHANISM OF CARBON TRANSMISSION UNDER HIGH TEMPERATURE AND HIGH PRESSURE

The problem was found that the nucleation and growth of diamond are different on each side of flaky catalyst in the cubic high pressure diamond synthesis system. Some theories explainning this difference were introduced in the paper. The synthesis cavity and the forces on flaky ctalyst were analysed. The results show that the stress makes the transmission velocity of carbon different on each side of catalyst slice, which causes the difference of nucleation density of diamond between two sides of the slice.