The air quality model system RAMS （Regional Atmospheric Modeling System）-CMAQ （Models-3 Com- munity Multi-scale Air Quality） coupled with an aerosol optical/radiative module was applied to investigate the impact o...The air quality model system RAMS （Regional Atmospheric Modeling System）-CMAQ （Models-3 Com- munity Multi-scale Air Quality） coupled with an aerosol optical/radiative module was applied to investigate the impact of different aerosol mixing states （i.e., externally mixed, half externally and half internally mixed, and internally mixed） oil radiative forcing in East Asia. The simulation results show that the aerosol optical depth （AOD） generally increased when the aerosol mixing state changed from externally mixed to internally mixed, while the single scattering albedo （SSA） decreased. Therefore, the scattering and absorption proper- ties of aerosols can be significantly affected by the change of aerosol mixing states. Comparison of simulated and observed SSAs at five AERONET （Aerosol Robotic Network） sites suggests that SSA could be better estimated by considering aerosol particles to be internally mixed. Model analysis indicates that the impact of aerosol mixing state upon aerosol direct radiative forcing （DRF） is complex. Generally, the cooling effect of aerosols over East Asia are enhanced in the northern part of East Asia （Northern China, Korean peninsula, and the surrounding area of Japan） and are reduced in the southern part of East. Asia （Sichuan Basin and Southeast China） by internal mixing process, and the variation range can reach ＋5 W m 2. The analysis shows that the internal mixing between inorganic salt and dust is likely the main reason that the cooling effect strengthens. Conversely, the internal nfixture of anthropogenic aerosols, including sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, black carbon, and organic carbon, could obviously weaken the cooling effect.展开更多
为研究考虑连续刚构桥(rigid-frame bridge,RFB)不同施工阶段内力状态(internal force state,IFS)对地震易损性的影响,以一座大跨高墩连续刚构桥为背景,基于等效荷载法提出了适用于连续刚构桥施工阶段的主梁和主墩的内力等效荷载计算公...为研究考虑连续刚构桥(rigid-frame bridge,RFB)不同施工阶段内力状态(internal force state,IFS)对地震易损性的影响,以一座大跨高墩连续刚构桥为背景,基于等效荷载法提出了适用于连续刚构桥施工阶段的主梁和主墩的内力等效荷载计算公式,通过OpenSees建立了5个典型施工阶段考虑内力状态和不考虑内力状态的动力分析模型;选取40组典型的速度脉冲型近断层地震动记录为输入,采用增量动力分析法开展考虑施工过程与否的各典型施工阶段的动力时程分析,并以曲率延性系数为损伤指标,通过理论易损性方法得到了主墩墩底、墩顶和主梁根部的地震易损性曲线。结果表明:采用提出的内力等效荷载公式能较为准确地计算和模拟各典型施工阶段的等效内力状态;相同地震动强度下主墩墩底、墩顶和主梁根部在不同损伤状态下的损伤概率均随主梁悬臂长度的增加而增大;不考虑内力状态将低估墩底和墩顶的损伤概率,墩底沿纵桥向的损伤低估最为严重,且桥墩损伤概率的低估量随悬臂长度的增大而增大。展开更多
探讨了在真实成桥内力状态下,耐震时程法(Endurance time method,ETM)评估连续刚构桥地震反应与损伤的准确性和有效性.以一座典型非规则连续刚构桥为背景,采用MIDAS/Civil模拟实际施工过程,经施工阶段分析得到10 a收缩徐变下的成桥内力...探讨了在真实成桥内力状态下,耐震时程法(Endurance time method,ETM)评估连续刚构桥地震反应与损伤的准确性和有效性.以一座典型非规则连续刚构桥为背景,采用MIDAS/Civil模拟实际施工过程,经施工阶段分析得到10 a收缩徐变下的成桥内力状态,再借助等效荷载法建立考虑成桥内力状态的OpenSees动力分析模型;通过与天然地震动下的增量动力分析(Incremental dynamic analysis,IDA)结果相对比,验证了采用ETM可快速准确地得到地震反应的适用性;通过该方法分析了墩顶位移、梁端位移及碰撞力等地震反应,并采用位移延性系数和Park-Ang损伤指数对桥墩损伤进行了量化分析与评估.结果表明:ETM可以有效地预测真实成桥内力状态下连续刚构桥达到某一损伤程度的时间;耐震时间较短时主桥桥墩较引桥桥墩的损伤要小,耐震时间较长时则反之.展开更多
基金supported by the "Strategic Priority Research Program (B)" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. XDB05030105, XDB05030102, and XDB05030103)"Strategic Priority Research Program (A)" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA05100502)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 20937001, 41105106, 41005064 and 41205123)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 200801498 and 20070420515)
文摘The air quality model system RAMS （Regional Atmospheric Modeling System）-CMAQ （Models-3 Com- munity Multi-scale Air Quality） coupled with an aerosol optical/radiative module was applied to investigate the impact of different aerosol mixing states （i.e., externally mixed, half externally and half internally mixed, and internally mixed） oil radiative forcing in East Asia. The simulation results show that the aerosol optical depth （AOD） generally increased when the aerosol mixing state changed from externally mixed to internally mixed, while the single scattering albedo （SSA） decreased. Therefore, the scattering and absorption proper- ties of aerosols can be significantly affected by the change of aerosol mixing states. Comparison of simulated and observed SSAs at five AERONET （Aerosol Robotic Network） sites suggests that SSA could be better estimated by considering aerosol particles to be internally mixed. Model analysis indicates that the impact of aerosol mixing state upon aerosol direct radiative forcing （DRF） is complex. Generally, the cooling effect of aerosols over East Asia are enhanced in the northern part of East Asia （Northern China, Korean peninsula, and the surrounding area of Japan） and are reduced in the southern part of East. Asia （Sichuan Basin and Southeast China） by internal mixing process, and the variation range can reach ＋5 W m 2. The analysis shows that the internal mixing between inorganic salt and dust is likely the main reason that the cooling effect strengthens. Conversely, the internal nfixture of anthropogenic aerosols, including sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, black carbon, and organic carbon, could obviously weaken the cooling effect.
文摘为研究考虑连续刚构桥(rigid-frame bridge,RFB)不同施工阶段内力状态(internal force state,IFS)对地震易损性的影响,以一座大跨高墩连续刚构桥为背景,基于等效荷载法提出了适用于连续刚构桥施工阶段的主梁和主墩的内力等效荷载计算公式,通过OpenSees建立了5个典型施工阶段考虑内力状态和不考虑内力状态的动力分析模型;选取40组典型的速度脉冲型近断层地震动记录为输入,采用增量动力分析法开展考虑施工过程与否的各典型施工阶段的动力时程分析,并以曲率延性系数为损伤指标,通过理论易损性方法得到了主墩墩底、墩顶和主梁根部的地震易损性曲线。结果表明:采用提出的内力等效荷载公式能较为准确地计算和模拟各典型施工阶段的等效内力状态;相同地震动强度下主墩墩底、墩顶和主梁根部在不同损伤状态下的损伤概率均随主梁悬臂长度的增加而增大;不考虑内力状态将低估墩底和墩顶的损伤概率,墩底沿纵桥向的损伤低估最为严重,且桥墩损伤概率的低估量随悬臂长度的增大而增大。
