Teachers’stereotypes of students affect teaching behaviour.Correctly perceiving stereotypes of international students helps teachers to understand the student population more deeply and adopt effective teaching behav...Teachers’stereotypes of students affect teaching behaviour.Correctly perceiving stereotypes of international students helps teachers to understand the student population more deeply and adopt effective teaching behaviour.This study focuses on the stereotypes of international Chinese language teachers towards international students in Chinese universities and its impact on teachers’classroom management and students’classroom performance.Summarizing the findings,we conclude that international Chinese language teachers have both positive and negative stereotypes of the international student body,and that negative stereotypes account for more than positive stereotypes.On this basis,this study further discusses the importance of international Chinese language teachers being aware of the existence of stereotypes of international students,and makes suggestions to strengthen the positive influences and weaken the negative ones.展开更多
This papcr presents a comparison between the Chinese Code GB50011-2001 and the International Standard ISO3010:2001(E),emphasizing the similarities and differences related to design requirements,seismic actions and ana...This papcr presents a comparison between the Chinese Code GB50011-2001 and the International Standard ISO3010:2001(E),emphasizing the similarities and differences related to design requirements,seismic actions and analytical approaches.Similarities include:earthquake return period,conceptual design,site classification,structural strength and ductility requirements,deformation limits,response spectra,seismic analysis procedures,isolation and energy dissipation, and nonstructural elements.Differences exist in the following areas:seismic levels,earthquake loading,mode damping factors and structural control.展开更多
The continuous development and progress of international economic integration has resulted in the increasing of economic and trade exchanges between various countries.In order to implement a more systematic corporate ...The continuous development and progress of international economic integration has resulted in the increasing of economic and trade exchanges between various countries.In order to implement a more systematic corporate financial supervision mechanism effectively and adapt to the needs of economic development,it is necessary to clarify corporate accounting standards and international financial reporting standards.The relationship between them are crucial to improve the transparency of financial statements and optimize management levels.This paper analyzes the differences between Chinese business accounting standards and international financial reporting standards as well as discusses the convergence process and convergence strategy methods for reference.展开更多
Objective This study proposes to visually review the current situation and progress of standards sets by the International Organization for Standardization/Technical Committee on Traditional Chinese Medicine(ISO/TC 24...Objective This study proposes to visually review the current situation and progress of standards sets by the International Organization for Standardization/Technical Committee on Traditional Chinese Medicine(ISO/TC 249). The review aims to explore the development strategies of the standards, which will exhibit the considerable impact on the economy, trade and exchanges, and cooperation in the area of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Methods ISO/TC 249 standards were searched on the ISO website, and their title, proposed time, current stage, scope, and classification were obtained for further summarization. Gephi was utilized to portray the co-occurrence network graph of the ISO/TC 249 standards subject.Results In ISO/TC 249, there were 116 standards, including 81 published standards and 35 developing standards by April 30, 2022. Two withdrawal standards were published after revision, which were not counted in the total standards. The number of published standards has been increasing since the first standard was published in 2014, whose title was “Sterile acupuncture needles for single use”. Among these standards, 17.24%(20/116) standards were in review, 56.03%(65/116) in publication, 3.45%(4/116) in approval, 5.17%(6/116) in enquiry,3.45%(4/116) in committee, and 14.66%(17/116) in preparation, respectively. With 116 standards, most of the research focused on the medicament, as its classification of the International Classification for Standards(ICS) showed the proportion reaching 49.54%. The network analysis data revealed that the top five most frequent words were “materials” “root” “requirements” “products” and “system”, after removing the noise data, such as prepositions,conjunctions, and pronouns. Additionally, the word “system” co-exists with the terms “computerized” “coding” “image” “tongue” and “analysis”;the word “requirement” co-exists with“manufacturing” “decoction” “process” and “materials”;whereas the word “devices” coexists with “pulse” “electric” “skin” and “measurement”.Conclusion With the increased diversification and complexity of problems, the development of standards is also oriented to multidisciplinary fields to cultivate the interdisciplinary talents, and especially the international standardization talents of compound TCM. Multi-angle analysis, formulation, and demonstration of standards, in line with industry needs in different disciplines, enhance the availability of standards and the ability to serve the industry.展开更多
ISO 18662-1：2017, Traditional Chinese medicine - Vocabulary - Part 1： Chinese Materia Medica （CMM） was officially released recently. The standard is the first terminology standard published by ISO/TC 249, Traditi...ISO 18662-1：2017, Traditional Chinese medicine - Vocabulary - Part 1： Chinese Materia Medica （CMM） was officially released recently. The standard is the first terminology standard published by ISO/TC 249, Traditional Chinese medicine, which provides an important basis to standardize and uniform the terminology of traditional Chinese medicine in the international community.展开更多
Chinese electrotechnical industry includes power generation equipment, power transmission and distribution equipment, multi-purpose equipment, and basic electrical material. The industry has 46 national technical ... Chinese electrotechnical industry includes power generation equipment, power transmission and distribution equipment, multi-purpose equipment, and basic electrical material. The industry has 46 national technical committees (TC) and sub-committees (SC), which mirrors to 70 TCs and SCs of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). During the past five years, leaded by Standardization Administration of China (SAC),China Electrical Equipment Industry Association (CEEIA) obtained many great achievements in promoting participation of international standardization activities by improving unified management and concentrating industrial strength:……展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To formulate the first clinical practice guideline for the treatment of cough using Chinese medicine based on the grading of recommendations assessment,development,and evaluation(GRADE)systematic approach,in...OBJECTIVE:To formulate the first clinical practice guideline for the treatment of cough using Chinese medicine based on the grading of recommendations assessment,development,and evaluation(GRADE)systematic approach,including clinical evidence,evaluation of ancient literature,and expert consensus.METHODS:In the process of development,the regulation of"evidence-based,consensus-assisted,and empirical"was followed,and a comprehensive systematic approach of recommendation assessment,GRADE,evidence-based evaluation,expert consensus,and the Delphi method was used.In the process of guideline development,evidence-based evaluation of ancient literature was included for the first time,and clinical evidence was fully integrated with clinical expert consensus.RESULTS:The clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of cough with Chinese herbal medicine were developed after a comprehensive consideration of evidence-based evaluation and expert opinions.The guideline recommendations focused on recommending herbal compound decoctions and Chinese patent medicines for cough in different conditions.Based on the GRADE systematic approach,we conducted an evidence-based evaluation of the recommended Chinese patent medicines one by one;meanwhile,the expert consensus method was used to unify the recommendations of both.CONCLUSION:Based on clinical evidence,ancient literature evaluation,and expert consensus,a clinical practice guideline for Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)in the treatment of cough was developed,providing the first current clinical practice guideline for domestic and foreign TCM and Western medicine practitioners,especially respiratory professionals at home and abroad.展开更多
Chinese medicated bath is one of the external therapies in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),which has been widely used clinically.The“International Standard of Traditional Chinese Medicine Techniques:The Operating S...Chinese medicated bath is one of the external therapies in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),which has been widely used clinically.The“International Standard of Traditional Chinese Medicine Techniques:The Operating Specifications for Chinese Medicated Bath”is drawn up by the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Xiamen Hospital in collaboration with domestic TCM universities and hospitals.The specification includes definition,operating process,points for attention and contraindications.It is targeted to provide reference for TCM providers at home and abroad with TCM background in clinical decision-making.展开更多
目的探讨线上工作坊模式对内科专业住院医师规范化培训(简称住培)指导医师临床操作技能直接观察评估(direct observation of procedural skills,DOPS)师资培训的应用效果。方法选取2022年11月参加广东省内科专业住培普通师资培训班的45...目的探讨线上工作坊模式对内科专业住院医师规范化培训(简称住培)指导医师临床操作技能直接观察评估(direct observation of procedural skills,DOPS)师资培训的应用效果。方法选取2022年11月参加广东省内科专业住培普通师资培训班的45名指导医师为研究对象,采用线上分组讨论与教学视频评价反馈相结合的线上工作坊模式进行DOPS师资培训,采用问卷自评的方式评价指导医师对DOPS的掌握程度,并通过问卷调查了解培训前后指导医师对线上DOPS的培训需求与满意度。结果培训前仅17.8%的指导医师使用过DOPS量表;指导医师在培训后对DOPS的掌握程度明显高于培训前[(3.71±0.69)分比(2.29±0.87)分,P<0.01];且95.6%及以上的指导医师表示能够理解“DOPS评分项目的均质化制定方法”和“形成性反馈技巧”;100.0%的指导医师表示在今后住培教学中愿意尝试使用DOPS。课程的整体满意度评分为(8.40±1.70)分。结论线上工作坊模式对内科专业住培指导医师DOPS师资培训的短期效果满意,可进一步在住培形成性评价师资培训中推广应用。展开更多
文摘Teachers’stereotypes of students affect teaching behaviour.Correctly perceiving stereotypes of international students helps teachers to understand the student population more deeply and adopt effective teaching behaviour.This study focuses on the stereotypes of international Chinese language teachers towards international students in Chinese universities and its impact on teachers’classroom management and students’classroom performance.Summarizing the findings,we conclude that international Chinese language teachers have both positive and negative stereotypes of the international student body,and that negative stereotypes account for more than positive stereotypes.On this basis,this study further discusses the importance of international Chinese language teachers being aware of the existence of stereotypes of international students,and makes suggestions to strengthen the positive influences and weaken the negative ones.
文摘This papcr presents a comparison between the Chinese Code GB50011-2001 and the International Standard ISO3010:2001(E),emphasizing the similarities and differences related to design requirements,seismic actions and analytical approaches.Similarities include:earthquake return period,conceptual design,site classification,structural strength and ductility requirements,deformation limits,response spectra,seismic analysis procedures,isolation and energy dissipation, and nonstructural elements.Differences exist in the following areas:seismic levels,earthquake loading,mode damping factors and structural control.
文摘The continuous development and progress of international economic integration has resulted in the increasing of economic and trade exchanges between various countries.In order to implement a more systematic corporate financial supervision mechanism effectively and adapt to the needs of economic development,it is necessary to clarify corporate accounting standards and international financial reporting standards.The relationship between them are crucial to improve the transparency of financial statements and optimize management levels.This paper analyzes the differences between Chinese business accounting standards and international financial reporting standards as well as discusses the convergence process and convergence strategy methods for reference.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1707606)Sichuan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2022MS500)+1 种基金Chengdu Science and Technology Department Project(2019-YF09-00185-SN)Xinglin Scholar Research Promotion Project of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (MPRC2021022)。
文摘Objective This study proposes to visually review the current situation and progress of standards sets by the International Organization for Standardization/Technical Committee on Traditional Chinese Medicine(ISO/TC 249). The review aims to explore the development strategies of the standards, which will exhibit the considerable impact on the economy, trade and exchanges, and cooperation in the area of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Methods ISO/TC 249 standards were searched on the ISO website, and their title, proposed time, current stage, scope, and classification were obtained for further summarization. Gephi was utilized to portray the co-occurrence network graph of the ISO/TC 249 standards subject.Results In ISO/TC 249, there were 116 standards, including 81 published standards and 35 developing standards by April 30, 2022. Two withdrawal standards were published after revision, which were not counted in the total standards. The number of published standards has been increasing since the first standard was published in 2014, whose title was “Sterile acupuncture needles for single use”. Among these standards, 17.24%(20/116) standards were in review, 56.03%(65/116) in publication, 3.45%(4/116) in approval, 5.17%(6/116) in enquiry,3.45%(4/116) in committee, and 14.66%(17/116) in preparation, respectively. With 116 standards, most of the research focused on the medicament, as its classification of the International Classification for Standards(ICS) showed the proportion reaching 49.54%. The network analysis data revealed that the top five most frequent words were “materials” “root” “requirements” “products” and “system”, after removing the noise data, such as prepositions,conjunctions, and pronouns. Additionally, the word “system” co-exists with the terms “computerized” “coding” “image” “tongue” and “analysis”;the word “requirement” co-exists with“manufacturing” “decoction” “process” and “materials”;whereas the word “devices” coexists with “pulse” “electric” “skin” and “measurement”.Conclusion With the increased diversification and complexity of problems, the development of standards is also oriented to multidisciplinary fields to cultivate the interdisciplinary talents, and especially the international standardization talents of compound TCM. Multi-angle analysis, formulation, and demonstration of standards, in line with industry needs in different disciplines, enhance the availability of standards and the ability to serve the industry.
文摘ISO 18662-1：2017, Traditional Chinese medicine - Vocabulary - Part 1： Chinese Materia Medica （CMM） was officially released recently. The standard is the first terminology standard published by ISO/TC 249, Traditional Chinese medicine, which provides an important basis to standardize and uniform the terminology of traditional Chinese medicine in the international community.
文摘 Chinese electrotechnical industry includes power generation equipment, power transmission and distribution equipment, multi-purpose equipment, and basic electrical material. The industry has 46 national technical committees (TC) and sub-committees (SC), which mirrors to 70 TCs and SCs of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). During the past five years, leaded by Standardization Administration of China (SAC),China Electrical Equipment Industry Association (CEEIA) obtained many great achievements in promoting participation of international standardization activities by improving unified management and concentrating industrial strength:……
基金National Key R&D Plan:Development of International Standards for Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology(No.2019YFC1712003)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To formulate the first clinical practice guideline for the treatment of cough using Chinese medicine based on the grading of recommendations assessment,development,and evaluation(GRADE)systematic approach,including clinical evidence,evaluation of ancient literature,and expert consensus.METHODS:In the process of development,the regulation of"evidence-based,consensus-assisted,and empirical"was followed,and a comprehensive systematic approach of recommendation assessment,GRADE,evidence-based evaluation,expert consensus,and the Delphi method was used.In the process of guideline development,evidence-based evaluation of ancient literature was included for the first time,and clinical evidence was fully integrated with clinical expert consensus.RESULTS:The clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of cough with Chinese herbal medicine were developed after a comprehensive consideration of evidence-based evaluation and expert opinions.The guideline recommendations focused on recommending herbal compound decoctions and Chinese patent medicines for cough in different conditions.Based on the GRADE systematic approach,we conducted an evidence-based evaluation of the recommended Chinese patent medicines one by one;meanwhile,the expert consensus method was used to unify the recommendations of both.CONCLUSION:Based on clinical evidence,ancient literature evaluation,and expert consensus,a clinical practice guideline for Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)in the treatment of cough was developed,providing the first current clinical practice guideline for domestic and foreign TCM and Western medicine practitioners,especially respiratory professionals at home and abroad.
基金National Key R&D Plan:Development of International Standards for Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology(No.2019YFC1712003)。
文摘Chinese medicated bath is one of the external therapies in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),which has been widely used clinically.The“International Standard of Traditional Chinese Medicine Techniques:The Operating Specifications for Chinese Medicated Bath”is drawn up by the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Xiamen Hospital in collaboration with domestic TCM universities and hospitals.The specification includes definition,operating process,points for attention and contraindications.It is targeted to provide reference for TCM providers at home and abroad with TCM background in clinical decision-making.
文摘目的探讨线上工作坊模式对内科专业住院医师规范化培训(简称住培)指导医师临床操作技能直接观察评估(direct observation of procedural skills,DOPS)师资培训的应用效果。方法选取2022年11月参加广东省内科专业住培普通师资培训班的45名指导医师为研究对象,采用线上分组讨论与教学视频评价反馈相结合的线上工作坊模式进行DOPS师资培训,采用问卷自评的方式评价指导医师对DOPS的掌握程度,并通过问卷调查了解培训前后指导医师对线上DOPS的培训需求与满意度。结果培训前仅17.8%的指导医师使用过DOPS量表;指导医师在培训后对DOPS的掌握程度明显高于培训前[(3.71±0.69)分比(2.29±0.87)分,P<0.01];且95.6%及以上的指导医师表示能够理解“DOPS评分项目的均质化制定方法”和“形成性反馈技巧”;100.0%的指导医师表示在今后住培教学中愿意尝试使用DOPS。课程的整体满意度评分为(8.40±1.70)分。结论线上工作坊模式对内科专业住培指导医师DOPS师资培训的短期效果满意,可进一步在住培形成性评价师资培训中推广应用。
