China’s synergy in the implementation of international conventions on chemicals and waste

The international environmental conventions have become the main effective ways to solve the global environmental issues,which are also the most active convention mechanisms in the world.This paper studies development trend and the implementation of the international environmental conventions on chemicals and wastes in China,such as Basel Convention,Rotterdam Convention,Stockholm Convention and Minamata Convention.Based on the Multilateral Synergy of International Conventions on Chemicals and Wastes,gaps and needs of the management of chemicals and wastes in China,this article put forward proposals for China to implement the coordinated development of these four conventions in the future..

Protection against Domestic Violence in Jordanian Law and International Conventions

Domestic violence is one of the most important obstacles to the promotion and protection of human rights in the regionally and globally,particularly given the nature of this phenomenon and the problems that accompany it,as well as the difficulty of disclosure,and the multiplicity of legal,social and economic causes that prevent prosecution in some cases.This situation necessarily entails the continuation of national,regional and international efforts to eradicate the scourge of domestic violence in all its forms and manifestations,from the basic understanding that practicing violence cannot be justified under any circumstances.Jordan,like other countries of the world,has undertaken a number of procedural,administrative,judicial and legislative measures to combat and eliminate the phenomenon of domestic violence.

International Human Rights Conventions in China——An interview with Research Fellow Mo Jihong of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

On the advent of the ＂International Human Rights Day＂ on Dec. 10, 2007, our staff reporter Interviewed Research Fellow Mo Jihong of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences on how the international human rights conventions are implemented in China. Born in May 1965, Mo Jihong is a native of Jingjiang, Jiangsu Province. He is a research fellow at the Law Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social sciences and a tutor for Ph.D candidates in the International Human Rights Law. He also serves as an executive member of the Society for International Constitution Studies and vice-president of the Constitution Chapter of the China Society of Law. He was a visiting scholar at the Human Rights Institute of Norway, and the Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law. His principal works include International Human Rights Convention and China （2005）, Principles of Constitutional Sciences in Practice （2007） and In Defense of Legislation （2007）. He was elected as one of the ten most outstanding young jurists in China. The following is the full text of the interview：

Predicaments and Countermeasures of the Protection of Migrant Workers' Human Rights——From the Perspective of the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families

International migration mainly happens between the North and the South Mig rant workers have made important contributions to the inclusive growth and sustainable development of world economy, but their human rights are often violated In recent years, frequent extreme terrorists attacks and large-scale refugee influxes have triggered anti-for eign sentiment and policies in developed countries, which expose migrant workers to an unprecedented human rights crisis The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families is an important convention adopted by the United Nations that specially protects human rights of migrant workers However, as the convention has not been ratified by major developed countries where most migrant workers seek employment, the protection regime has an empty shell Developing countries where most migrant workers originate from should strengthen cooperation among themselves and urge developed countries to fulfill the duty of human rights protection by normalizing the status of migrant workers and that of members of their families in employment countries and ratifying the convention as soon as possible.

Quantifying and Simplifying the 1997 UNWC’s Guidelines to Mitigate Hegemony in Transboundary Watercourse Negotiations

The 1997 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-navigational Uses of International Watercourses (UNWC) contains a negotiation framework for transboundary water rights. However, it is a subjective document open to a wide range of possibilities and interpretations. Water Rights Allocations (WRAs) as described by Dinar and Nigatu (2013) and Dinar and Tsur (2017) provide a limited number of quantifiable allocation possibilities based on the UNWC. It is suggested that this methodology streamlines the negotiation process and reduces the effects of hydro hegemony. These methodologies are explored and applied through a case study on the Orontes River Basin.

A Corpus-based Study of the Chinese Translation for the Conditional Clause Pattems in Intemational Legal Instruments

The Chinese translation for international legal instruments is an indispensable part in national political and economic fields. Apart from legal terminology, the syntactical features of international legal instruments also deserve study. They are easy to be seen in the use of some typical sentence patterns, such as long and complex sentence structures, passive voice and provisos or conditional clauses. Based on the parallel English-Chinese international conventions, this paper mainly evaluates the current Chinese translation and summarizes the use frequency and translation strategies for the conditional clause patterns. From the perspective of memetics, sentence patterns can be units of imitation, and the summary of and comments on them and their Chinese translation will promote the transmission across culture and help a legal translator improve his/her expertise, which will eventually be good for successful cooperation in international business.

The Development of Legal Protection of Women's Human Rights in China

The legal confirmation process of women’s human rights has been undergoing great difficulties both in the United Nations and among nations. The Fourth World Conference on Women plays a role in promoting the legal protection of women’s human rights. Currently, the protection of women’s human rights has undoubtedly become the consensus of both international and domestic law. International conventions on human rights have become an important launching area for promoting international law on women’s human rights, owing to its legal binding force and supervising mechanism established under it. Domestic law has also become the first line of defense for protecting women’s human rights. However, it needs to be pointed out that, for international conventions on human rights and domestic legislation, the cognition and acceptance of social gender conception has not only promoted changes on forms, but, more importantly, on revolution at substantial level.

The Constitutional Analysis of Human Rights Legislative Protection

The paths for applying the international human rights conventions in China should be recognized as follows: On the premise of respecting the Constitution of China, systematic human rights which could coordinate the relationship between the Constitution of China and international human rights conventions. The source of the human rights legislation obligations of the legislative organs of China is the Constitution of China, not the international human rights conventions. The legislature should understand and grasp the main contents of the human rights legislation obligations of the legislature according to Paragraph 3 of Article 33 of the Constitution while the interpretation of this clause must be based on the relevant provisions of the international human rights conventions. Human rights legislative obligations of the legislature can be classified into two types: legislative protecting obligations and legislative relief obligations of human rights. The NPC and its Standing Committee should be structurally responsible for the human rights legislation obligation, and the State Council and other organs of the State not for the legislation protection of human rights. A special human rights law should be enacted by the NPC.

Exploring the Technical Assessment Standards for “Ordinary Purposes” in the CISG

Standards are the scientific basis and an important factor for the assessment of the quality of goods.In International Sale of Goods Law,they are consistent with and complementary to the“general provision”on“ordinary purposes”used to assess the quality of goods.Based on analyses of theories and legal practices and by reviewing the relationship between standards and“ordinary purposes,”in this article,I attempt to find out what standards affect the ascertaining of“ordinary purposes”and present a summary of the preconditions for the sellers’obligatory observance of such standards to provide guidance for the accurate application of other“general provisions”through the use of standards.

Asian Crocodile Poaching:A Review of Molecular Techniques Developed for Forensic Identification

Crocodiles,gharials and alligators(order Crocodilia),are aquatic reptiles that live in the tropics of Asia,America,Africa,and Australia.Asian countries such as India,Indonesia,Malaysia,and tropics of Australia are the stronghold of the family Crocodylidae.Among all 23 crocodile species,nine species occur in Asia and its surroundings,including the only member of Gavialidae and Alligatoridae family.They are“mugger”or“Crocodylus palustris,”“saltwater crocodile”or“Crocodylus porosus,”“Philippine crocodile”or“Crocodylus mindorensis,”“New Guinea crocodile”or“Crocodylus novaeguineae,”“Siamese crocodile”or“Crocodylus siamensis,”“gharials”or“Gavialis gangeticus,”“false gharial”or“Tomistoma schlegelii,”and“Chinese alligator”or“Alligator sinensis.”All of these species have been encompassed in“Appendix I”and“Appendix II”of the“Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora,”which prevents any kind of trade involving crocodilian species.However,it has been observed that these crocodiles are illegally poached and trafficked for their lucrative skin,meats,eggs,snouts,and bones in medicinal and cosmetic industries.Although many molecular biologists have come forward for the conservation of these species,lack of knowledge about the available,fast,and dependable techniques makes it difficult for forensic identification of seized or confiscated.It has been a major problem for the implementation of the“Wildlife Protection Law”on illegal trade.This article focuses on molecular techniques developed till date for the rapid and reliable species identification and conservation study of them.