INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION PROMOTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

On the occasion of celebrating the 45th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), in recalling the development history of the CAS’s international exchange and cooperation,we feel gratified to see that it has entered into an unprecedented era of dynamic expansion and progress. The CAS’s international cooperation experienced a stage of "exchange only with eastern countries" in its inceptive years and at a time of actual stagnation in"cultural revolution". It was the Third Session of the Eleventh Congress of the Chinese Communist

Prospects for Science and Technology Cooperation belween the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and Portugal under the Belt and Road Initiative

President Xi,focusing on building a new pattern of all-round opening up to the outside world and promoting the common prosperity and progress of all countries,put forward a major proposal for the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the maritime Silk Road in twenty-first Century.The bay area economy as an important coastal economic form,is the highlight of the current international economic map,and is a significant symbol of the world's first-class coastal city.The international first-class bay areas,such as New York Bay area,San Francisco Bay area and Tokyo Bay area,are characterized by openness,innovation,livability and internationalization.The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has four worldclass cities,name Guangzhou,Shenzhen,Hong Kong and Macao,and the Pearl River Delta city cluster.It has an open economic structure,efficient resource allocation ability,strong agglomeration and spillover function and development international communication network plays a core function of leading innovation and gathering radiation.It is an important growth pole for promoting the economic development of the maritime Silk Road and a leader in technological change.With the help of Portugal's geographical position on the maritime Silk Road and market access advantages within the EU system,the Greater Bay Area should further deepen scientific and technological cooperation,improve the ability of scientific and technological innovation of both sides,let the scientific research subjects of the bay area help Portugal's scientific and technological development,and enhance PortugaFs scientific and technological position in the EU.From the perspective of the Belt and Road Initiative,combined with the basic situation and cooperation of China,especially Guangdong,Hong Kong and Macao,and the development of science and technology in Portugal,this article explores the technological fields,policy measures that are suitable for scientific and technological cooperation between the two sides,and puts forward corresponding suggestions to contribute to the technological development of China,Portugal and the global economic and social sustainable development.

JOINT EFFORTS FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT——Prospects for Science and Technology Cooperation between Hong Kong and the Mainland

There is a long tradition of friendly exchange and cooperation between the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the universities in Hong Kong. In recent years, both sides have been increasingly realizing the importance of furthering their Collaboration and exchange and the cooperation has become more active, laying greater

Present Situation and Thinking of the Evaluation and Management of Biomedical Projects in Shenzhen Industrial Park of Shenzhen-Hong Kong Cooperation Zone

Objective To put forward some suggestions for the improvement of the evaluation system of Shenzhen Industrial Park of Shenzhen-Hong Kong Innovation Cooperation Zone by studying the scientific research project evaluation and management system of Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development(AMED).Methods Through literature review,lessons were drawn from the review and management policies and methods of biomedical projects implemented by Japan AMED.Then some reference was provided to the review and management of the projects in Shenzhen Industrial Park.Results and Conclusion A basic review framework has been set up in Shenzhen Industrial Park,which consists of scientific research management institution of Shenzhen Industrial Park,Third-Party Review Institution and Science Committee.However,there are three problems in this system:unclear selection criteria of review experts,insufficient supervision and lack of project evaluation standards.These problems can be solved by establishing an expert think tank,setting up graded project supervisors to have the dynamic monitoring,and developing a general evaluation scale for evaluating scientific research projects in Shenzhen Industrial Park.

Putting Faces to Names： Snapshots of Two Committee Meetings, 95 Years Apart, Emphasize Continuous International Cooperation in the Atmospheric Sciences

1.Introduction Spectacular advances have been made in the atmospheric sciences on a global level during a period of one hundred years or more,which is arguably most evident through"the quiet revolution of numerical weather prediction"(Bauer et

Developing International Economic and Technological Cooperation in Zhe Jiang

Zhejiang is a coastal province with advanced economy,solid foundation of industry and agriculture and all-comprehensive industry sectors,and with lignht industry andtextile as the mainstay Its popularized education,advancedscience and technology and ample supply of high-quality labourforce benefit itselt involving in foreign project contracting,labour export and overseas investment.Since 1979,Zhejianghas accepted more than ten foreign projects worth US$300million and supplied labour service to 40 countries。

International Cooperation Projects in Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

1. CERP The Cooperative Ecological Research Programme (CERP) is a joint plan to study the Man and Biosphere (MAB) ecosystem in our country, founded by Germany through UNESCO. The second-stage projects of CERP had been undertaken in 1991, including: (1) Study on the Ecological Strategy for the Urban Development of Tianjin City Exemplifying the large industrial city, it is to study the succession mechanism, cybernetic characteristics, and systems analytic methods of identification, simulation and planning, of the Social-Economic-Natural Com-

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION & THE DEVELOPMENT OF FIRE- SAFETY SCIENCE IN CHINA

Ⅰ. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FACILITATES CHINESE FIRE-SAFETY SCIENCE TO TAKE SHAPE,DEVELOP AND REACH THE WORLD STANDARD Fire-safety science mainly studies the mechanism and rules of the occurrence, development and prevention of fire disasters.It is a new research area and academic subject which is developing at the intersection point of technological sciences,basic natural sciences and

SWOT Analysis on the Belt and Road Innovation Cooperation between Guangdong and Brazil

As China-US relations and COVID-19 situation are getting more and more serious,the cooperation between the Guangdong and Portuguesespeaking countries may also be affected.This article starts with the research on the cooperation mechanism and situation between China and Brazil under the Belt and Road Initiative.It uses SWOT to analyze Brazil's innovation advantages and shortcomings,the opportunities brought by scientific and technological cooperation and how to handle to the corresponding threats.This article attempts to propose areas and suggestions for the development of scientific and technological cooperation between the two sides.

Mapping scientific cooperation of the NSFC:A case study of Major International(Regional) Joint Research Program

International cooperations have played an important role in academic activities as more and more researchers endeavor to participate in joint research or exchange with partners aboard. Focused on projects of Major International(Regional) Joint Research Program of the Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) from 2003 to 2008, we have investigated the characteristics of the scientific cooperation by mapping the funded projects from the aspects of topics, affiliations and cooperative countries(regions), respectively.Moreover, it is demonstrated that issues related to nano technologies, genes and ecological environments have become the hot topics in the joint research of NSFC, and projects with issues of big science have been preferentially funded under the program’s guide posted every year. Moreover, most granted projects were undertaken by the minority of affiliations with the leading research capability, which is the same to partners abroad. The aggregation effect has been greatly improved with the bilateral or multilateral agreement signed with scientific organizations abroad, so has the competitive mechanism of scientific resources allocation.

Does urban technological innovation and cooperation promote its green development?Evidence from cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration,China

The internal technological innovation(IT)and external technological cooperation(ET)of a city are crucial drivers for its green development(GD).Although previous studies have extensively explored the effect of IT on GD,IT,ET and GD have not been integrated into the same framework to explore their relationship.Using panel data of 13 cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration,this study revealed the spatio-temporal evolution of GD and analyzed the effects of IT and ET on GD from the perspective of baseline impact,spatial effect and synergy effect.Empirical results demonstrate that the level of urban GD has upgraded and the difference in GD between cities has been narrowed though it decreases from the middle to both ends.IT significantly promotes the growth of GD while ET has an inverted U-shaped effect on GD.Under the influence of spatial spillover,IT has a U-shaped effect on the GD of neighboring cities while the effect of ET on neighboring GD is not significant.Additionally,the interaction between IT and ET has not been effective,leading to an insignificant synergy effect on GD.These findings will provide reference for taking rational advantage of IT and ET to facilitate urban GD.

Sciatic nerve repair using adhesive bonding and a modified conduit

When repairing nerves with adhesives, most researchers place glue directly on the nerve stumps, but this method does not fix the nerve ends well and allows glue to easily invade the nerve ends. In this study, we established a rat model of completely transected sciatic nerve injury and re- paired it using a modified 1 cm-length conduit with inner diameter of 1.5 mm. Each end of the cylindrical conduit contains a short linear channel, while the enclosed central tube protects the nerve ends well Nerves were repaired with 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate and suture, which complement the function of the modified conduit. The results demonstrated that for the same conduit, the av- erage operation time using the adhesive method was much shorter than with the suture method. No significant differences were found between the two groups in sciatic function index, motor evoked potential latency, motor evoked potential amplitude, muscular recovery rate, number of medullated nerve fibers, axon diameter, or medullary sheath thickness. Thus, the adhesive method for repairing nerves using a modified conduit is feasible and effective, and reduces the operation time while providing an equivalent repair effect.

Research Priorities and the Future of Alfalfa in Latin America

Agro-food and agro-industrial systems in Latin America must anticipate future trends and ensure permanent adjustment ofresearch priorities to the evolving global needs. Innovations should follow the logic of productive chains, which are highly dependentupon knowledge and technology. Agribusiness sector needs to reinvent itself for efficiently providing new products based on stricterquality controls, traceability, and greater diversification. In the region, alfalfa has an enormous potential to be cultivated for multiplepurposes other than just animal products, going from pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry to human consumption. No singleorganization or isolated group of scientists hold alone the capacity to deal with increasingly complex and dynamic productionsystems in order to efficiently compete in a globalized market. These challenges require an interdisciplinary approach, not only to adomestic level but also to an international one. The present paper proposed the constitution of a virtual alfalfa network platform forarticulating and guiding alfalfa research efforts in Latin America. The network will focus on identifying the most important needs forLatin America, promoting an active interaction among educational and scientific institutions through collaborative research projects.The platform comprises four main research axes: (1) efficient production (agronomy);(2) animal production (diversified feeds);(3)quality and innocuousness applied (human feeding);(4) novel products (pharmaceutical and cosmetics). During the initial phase, theBrazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA, Brazil) and National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA,Argentina) will jointly coordinate the network.

Raise the international status of Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences under “the International Influence of Chinese Science and Technology Journals Promotion Plan”

Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences（JCPS） has been published for 22 years. During this period, JCPS has progressed from a quarterly journal to monthly publication. Moreover, the qualities of manuscripts and editing are improving, and its influence and international status reaches a high level. Under ＂the International Influence of Chinese Science and Technology Journals Promotion Plan＂, the development and internationalization of JCPS will be further promoted.

Conflict and Emergency Management in a Post-Liberal World

The world is steadily moving to the post-liberal order with the urgent need of novel organizational and security approaches,also new levels of international cooperation,in order to support its stability and prosperity.The developed high-level Spatial Grasp Technology(SGT)and its Spatial Grasp Language(SGL)are briefed which may be particularly useful for solving numerous conflicts and crises problems emerging in different areas during this transitional period,in both local and global scale.SGT employs unlimited spatial scenario mobility and parallel holistic matching of distributed systems,with numerous communicating SGL interpreters potentially installed worldwide.Basic network creation and management operations are described in SGL which may operate on top of existing communication systems or serve individually as high level network protocols in case of non-local crises and disasters.Different operations on social networks are presented in SGL including finding strongest and weakest components with resultant changing of network topologies,also determining distances between different communities for preventing and predicting social conflicts.Fully distributed analysis,and tracing and simulation of multiple mobile objects in distributed spaces with complex routes are shown in SGL related to cruise missiles,defence objects and debris in outer space,as well as massively moving refugees through international borders.The proposed technology had trial implementations and applications in different countries,and its latest version can be readily installed by agreement on any platforms needed.

The health care economic-industrial complex: Concepts and general characteristics

The strategic role of health care within the Brazilian development agenda has been increasingly recognized and institutionalized. Aside from its importance as a structural element of the Welfare State, health care plays a leading role in generating innovation. Despite this, the productive base of Brazil’s health care system is extremely fragile, jeopardizing both the universal provision of health care services and the country’s competitive insertion in the globalized environment. This suggests the need for a more systematic analysis of the complex relationships that exist between the technological and the social interests involved in the productive base of health care provision in Brazil. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to enhance our understanding of the productive base of health care, especially given its potential to contribute to a socially inclusive development model, which is the ultimate goal in Brazil.

新时代我国发起成立国际科技组织:机理、问题与路径

在科技自立自强成为国家发展战略目标与任务的大背景下,“发起成立国际科技组织”作为新时代我国国际科技交流合作新的重要形态,能够使我国在激烈的国际科技竞争中掌握战略主动。基于机理分析,我国发起成立的国际科技组织在组织属性、组织行为等维度上应具备实体化、公共化、国际化、法制化等基本要件。针对存在的主要问题,我国需要制定相关战略性整体规划、营造更开放的政策环境、出台更细化的成立审批要求和流程。在路径选择上,我国发起成立国际科技组织应遵循坚持独立自主、用好国际资源、选准学科领域、使用战略科学家等根本原则,同时,应基于自身优势和战略需求、突出组织特色和互补能力,通过组织创新的价值体现避免出现组织拥挤现象。

北京种业科技创新的国际比较及提升路径研究

科技创新是种业发展的关键。北京是全国种业科技基础最雄厚、创新资源集聚、创新主体活跃的地区之一。对标发达国家种业,从种质资源、育种技术、研发模式和种业企业竞争力4个方面对北京种业科技创新进行比较,剖析制约北京种业科技创新的关键问题。聚焦北京种业科技创新引领,从加强种质资源保护利用、开展育种关键技术联合攻关、深化种业体制改革、完善育种创新政策支持体系、推动部市协同形成合力等方面提出了北京种业科技创新发展的提升路径,以期为推进国家种业科技创新提供参考。

跨国产学研合作的动力模型与案例分析

以国家为分析单元,研究提出跨国产学研合作的动力模型,包括政治动力、市场动力、研究动力和社会动力4个方面,以及地缘政治、市场因素、研发投资等14项因素。以中美清洁能源联合研究中心(CERC)为案例,对动力模型进行阐述和验证。案例分析显示,强大的合作动力可促成跨国产学研合作,动力不足时合作难以实现。最后,提出促进未来跨国产学研合作的五点建议,包括聚焦全球共同挑战、推动制度性开放、发挥非对称优势、强化人文交流纽带、政府与市场协作发力等。