Belt and Road Initiative and China’s International Energy Cooperation

In terms of energy supply, the Belt and Road Initiative has accelerated China’s international cooperation and has shaped, via that cooperation, the focus upon clean energy and low-carbon innovation.Under the Belt and Road framework, the market will play an increased role as multilateral organizations engage in new models of international energy cooperation. As the largest energy consumer and public goods provider, China’s transition in energy cooperation will profoundly impact regional energy security and development. The economic growth of partners will also enhance results.

China-Australia Minerals and Energy Cooperation:Status Quo,New Features and Suggestions

Minerals and resources trade and investment play a pivotal role in economic and trade relations between China and Australia.In recent years,although China-Australia political relations have been at a low point,China?Australia minerals and energy cooperation has exhibited a different trend to that of political relations,and also from the engagement during previous periods.Minerals and energy trade has increased steadily,while investment is becoming more difficult,particularly for large projects.There has been a clear green transition in trade and investment in this functional area,and uncertainty has increased due to the influence of factors such as the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),the shale gas revolution and China-US trade disputes.Because this is one of the pillars for economic growth for both countries,and for their trade and investment ties,and because of the importance of low-carbon transition,the free trade system,and global and regional governance,minerals and energy cooperation can serve as a platform for improving and promoting bilateral relations.It has been suggested that China should seize the opportunity to improve bilateral relations by deepening two-way investment,joining hands with Australia on developing more products in more areas,and with new cooperation models.This research will be significant for understanding the status quo of China-Australia cooperation in minerals and energy,and for improving bilateral relations,and even international energy governance.

The Belt and Road Initiatives and China＇s International Energy Cooperation： Progress, Mechanisms, and Recommendations

China＇s international energy cooperation and energy security are important parts of The Belt and Road initiatives. China and the countries along the Belt and Road continue to promote cooperation, actively use the existing bilateral and multilateral cooperation mechanisms to promote the regional and inter-regional energy cooperation. Countries along the Belt and Road are rich in oil and gas resources; their demand on the diversification of export meet with the diversification demand on imports of consumption countries; and their oil refining and chemical technology as well as construction capacity is weak, which provides a lot of new opportunities in cooperation for Chinese enterprises. However, the energy cooperation of Chinese enterprises are also facing some challenges in the complex environment of energy cooperation, the interference of big powers, non-traditional security threats, and energy policy factors. Finally, the paper puts forward the strategic thinking of China＇s international energy cooperation under the new situation.

Diffusion of Sustainable Construction Practices. A Case of International Cooperation

Data shows that buildings play an important role in the field of energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. The exchange of information among different countries is a key element to promote a wider diffusion of practices for sustainable development in the fields of architecture and urban planning, contributing to the improvement of new skills and economic and production activities, while also reducing the environmental impact of construction on the territory. An international cooperation can lead an exchange of experiences and practices, which could play a fundamental role since countries can have similar problems to deal with, as it happens for the specific identity of the Mediterranean territory in coastal and rural areas. This paper analyses a case of international cooperation, the project SCORE, “Sustainable COnstruction in Rural and fragile areas for energy Efficiency”, financed under the European MED Programme with the purpose to promote sustainable energy policies in the construction sector on fragile coastal and rural Mediterranean areas.

Prospect for strategic minerals exploration and development,investment environment and cooperation in Mozambique

Mozambique is an essential country in the Belt and Road Initiative,and it is also to cooperation between China and with Africa in energy resources.It is located in the critical node of the“East Africa Channel”and close to the“African Twin Ocean Railway”,which is an important strategic position.Mozambique has abundant mineral resources and vast reserves of advantageous minerals.The natural gas reserves of Mozambique ranked second in Africa.It also has world--class scale graphite and rich iron,gold,copper,niobium-tantalum and other resources.In recent years,the mining industry in this country has been rising and attracting many foreign companies to invest,including international mining giants such as Vale,Rio Tinto and large mining enterprises of China.This paper systematically studies the mineral resources endowment,exploration and development situations of natural gas,graphite,titanium-zircon placer deposits,niobium-tantalum,gold,iron and other strategic minerals in Mozambique,comprehensively analyzes the mining investment environment and the current situation of exploration and development of Chinese enterprises in Mozambique,and replans four safeguard areas of strategic mineral resources in critical short supply.Mozambique generally has good prospects of mining investment and a stable foundation for cooperation with China.Chinese enterprises can focus on oil and natural gas,graphite,titanium,zirconium,niobium,tantalum,and iron,which complement the needs of China,expand the mining capacity cooperation,and improve the ability to secure strategic mineral resources supply.

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION PROMOTES HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS' DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA——A talk at the 17th International Symposium on Lepton-Photon Interactions (LP'95)

This article first presents an overview of the Internationa] Symposium on Lepton-Photon Interactions (LP’95) and briefly introduce Chinese research achievements in the discipline. It highlights the necessity and importance of international cooperation in the HEP community of the world.

he Shanghai Cooperation Organization as the framework ofimplementation the New Silk road concept

This article briefly covers the current situation of Sino-Central Asian relations in different dimensions,especially,economic and investments cooperation area in the framework of international organization such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.The possibilities of New Silk road concept to be a part of projects of the SCO boosting investments in transportation infrastructure of CAR states.Also,this article describes main positions of the Chinese energy security strategy and its views on CAR`s oil and gas industry.

Global Climate Change and Emerging Environmental and Strategic Security Issues for South Asia

Global climate change-essentially an adverse consequence of global warming, is principally caused by progressive build-up and extensive spread of greenhouse gases (GHGs) across countries, regions or continents because of earth’s rotational movement. The potent sources of GHGs are fossil-fuels and biomass. With the increasing pace of globalization, industrialization and rapid change of life-style the demand and consumption of these feed-stocks to stimulate economic growth is steadily rising-both in the developing and developed economy. In the process, the emissions level is also rising phenomenally;and of late become quite alarming-more in the former than latter case, affecting thereby the environmental quality as also its security concerns globally. This paper highlights the major impacts of global warming and consequential climate change on the environmental quality and overall security aspects-including commercial, strategic and defense angles for the South-Asian region. The paper also discusses some relevant aspects linking the larger question of energy security with environmental security through the approach of sustainable energy development for envisioning a balanced economic development as well as growth perspective for South Asia. The significance of International cooperation in the mitigation and adaptation of climate change impacts with special reference to Asia- Pacific and South Asian region is also discussed at some length in the paper.

平衡多维度的能源转型——2024年剑桥能源周主要观点

2024年第42届剑桥能源周以“多维能源转型:市场、气候、技术与地缘政治”为主题,深入探讨应对动荡世界的能源策略。本届能源周就复杂地缘政治格局下保障能源安全,推动公正、可持续能源转型展开讨论,议题涵盖地缘政治、全球经济、油气市场、能源融资、应对气候变化、碳市场及产业政策,以及生成式人工智能(AI)、氢能、生物燃料、甲烷控排、碳捕集利用与封存技术(CCUS)、地热和核聚变等技术发展问题。同时也展现了各国低碳与新能源政策的差异,以及石油公司在应对低碳转型、技术创新等问题时的战略思维和实施路径差异。建议中国能源企业、智库和研究机构积极参会并发出中国声音,增强与国际公司和国外机构的合作交流,以商界和学界纽带对冲政治压力;密切关注国际石油公司归核化趋势,积极开拓海外优质新项目,把握发展中国家市场增长机遇;中国炼化企业应加快走向海外市场,扩大出口规模,提升炼化产能利用率和资产回报率,更好地实现业务的转型与战略接替。

国际大型石油公司涉足锂金属矿产业务的底层逻辑与启示

近年来,国际大型石油公司相继涉足金属矿产业务,尤其是埃克森美孚公司积极进军锂金属产业链。基于国际能源格局深度调整、能源转型加速演进的背景,在阐述锂金属矿产在能源转型和新能源产业发展中的重要作用和发展趋势的基础上,分析了国际大型石油公司进军锂金属产业链的外部条件和内在基础,得出国际大型石油公司未来能源转型会实现“三个平衡”的启示,建议中国能源企业在建立战略性矿产定量化动态评价体系、加强战略性优势矿产的冶炼加工能力、稳定发展海外供应链等方面主动积极作为,为中国战略性矿产资源保供提供有力支撑,为新能源产业发展提供资源保障。

协同创新理论下中国国家实验室建设路径探索——基于美国能源部国家实验室的经验启示

为推进中国国家实验室的开放和协同创新,运用协同创新理论,基于对美国能源部国家实验室协同创新的实践经验分析,结合中国当前面临被西方主要国家技术封锁的严峻形势,探讨协同创新促进中国国家实验室建设的路径。协同创新包含了多方创新主体、共同目标、优势互补和合理分工、复杂的相互作用和整体协同效应等五方面的核心要素,其结构从简单无序布局向高级有序组织变革转变为网络化创新结构,因此要确保协同创新成果实现,需要充分考虑不同主体之间的利益平衡和风险控制等因素。美国能源部国家实验室具有明确的战略目标与使命、充足的财政投入与多元化经费来源、高效的管理运行机制、人员组成多元化的强大科研团队,其发展总体呈现开放化、网络化的对外合作趋势,在协同创新方面形成了强化战略导向和目标聚焦、深化产学研合作、建立高效的协同机制、强化人才培养和团队建设,以及鼓励创新、营造宽容失败的文化氛围等经验举措。借鉴美国经验,深化国际合作和加强内部合作是应对挑战、促进国家实验室建设的两翼。因此,应对当前西方国家技术封锁,中国国家实验室建设须毫不动摇地坚持开放共享与合作交流的理念,强化顶层设计与政策引导,深化产学研用合作,建立高效协同机制,实现多领域协同创新、引领学科交叉创新,并积极融入创新联合体建设,弘扬科学家精神、营造鼓励创新探索的科研文化氛围。

中国能源企业在全球能源治理中的角色研究

当前百年变局加速演进,地缘政治热点事件频发,美欧对俄制裁不断升级,国际能源的供需关系因各国政治站队而变得更加不稳定,凸显了现有全球能源治理体系的不足,能源治理体系进入重新调整时期。目前,中国能源企业已通过国际能源合作进行了能源治理的尝试并取得一定经验,但也面临诸多挑战,在全球能源治理中的话语权仍较弱。建议中国能源企业通过加强国际合作、打造清洁能源领域影响力、在能源合作中扩大人民币使用等多种方式,提高我国在全球能源治理中的话语权。

中国与“一带一路”共建国家核能国际合作风险评价——基于动态因子分析法

基于核能发展需求风险、核能发展条件风险、贸易关系风险、社会稳定性风险、政治风险和经济风险构建了中国与“一带一路”共建国家核能国际合作风险综合评价指标体系,并运用动态因子分析法,探究了中国与101个“一带一路”共建国家核能国际合作风险水平,实现了横向空间差异和纵向动态趋势的全面测评。研究发现:政治风险和经济风险对核能国际合作的影响最大;核能国际合作风险的平均综合得分及排名结果表明,核能国际合作风险在不同“一带一路”共建国家之间存在差异,欧洲国家的核能国际合作风险整体较低,非洲国家的核能国际合作风险整体较高;根据核能国际合作风险动态得分,可将核能国际合作风险划分为上升组、下降组、先升后降组、先降后升组、波动组和平稳组,平稳组国家是中国开展核能国际合作的最佳选择。

全球战略性矿产产业链供应链分析

百年未有之大变局下,全球战略性矿产资源供给分布不均匀和强劲的需求推动其产业链、供应链竞争持续升级,并发生结构性变化,各国资源获取向全产业链蔓延,双边合作向集团化和区域化国际组织联盟等多边合作演变,使战略性矿产产业链、供应链逐渐全球化和复杂化,资源民族主义、供应链本土化、出口管制等因素将加大资源供应脱钩断链的风险,因此各国陆续评估战略性矿产清单和发布安全保障政策,以维护国家经济稳定发展。作为全球战略性矿产品生产、消费大国,我国在矿产资源生产、冶炼加工制造、材料及资源回收利用的规模方面均有优势,形成了世界规模最大的矿产资源及其材料产业。但由于存在短缺矿产供不应求,对外依存度高,进口来源地集中,且供需缺口仍在不断扩大等问题,加之需要应对气候变化、俄乌冲突等因素引发的各类衍生风险,致使我国战略性矿产产业链总体中间强,紧缺型矿产两头弱,优势矿产下游利用相对较弱。因此,应加强我国战略性矿产供应链顶层设计,增强上游采选、中游冶炼、下游加工及循环利用环节的技术创新,深入参与矿产资源产业链、供应链全球治理,保障我国战略性矿产产业链、供应链稳定。

能源高质量发展框架下的国际合作问题与对策

能源高质量发展下的国际合作,是以实现“四个革命,一个合作”的能源安全新战略目标为导向,在先进技术、投资建设和能源进口等领域所开展的国际合作活动。目前,我国始终坚持引进先进能源技术,在提高生产的同时促进了能源技术的创新;此外,“立足国际,走向世界”的同时,我国也始终欢迎拥有先进技术的国外能源企业来华投资建设;我国的能源进口在整体上呈现较好的态势。但能源国际合作存在着核心技术依赖于国际市场、合作壁垒较高,以及能源对外依存度过高的现状。实现能源的高质量发展,需要我国在引进国外先进能源技术的同时,加快自身能源技术的开发;并通过多边能源合作协议推动多边能源市场的开放。

“双碳”目标下中国与拉美地区清洁能源合作前景探析

拉丁美洲清洁能源发展迅速,在水能、风能、太阳能、氢能等领域均取得较大进展,拥有巨大的开发潜力。近年来,中国与拉丁美洲国家清洁能源合作成果丰硕,达成多项能源战略合作协议,并从水电扩展到风电和光伏发电等领域,形成以并购为主的合作模式,未来双方合作将进一步加深。中拉清洁能源合作具有地缘政治、经济、技术等多重优势。拉美地区与中国经贸往来密切,近年来出现左翼集体当政的局势,在技术层面依托中国形成互补,双方合作前景广阔。但拉美地区的电力系统和储能设备较为落后,新冠病毒疫情后政治和社会危机不断加深,加之美国拜登政府在能源政策上的转变,使中拉合作面临着一定的挑战。为使中拉清洁能源合作不断深化,应在“一带一路”倡议下,通过“南南合作”机制开展清洁能源外交,利用“互联网+清洁能源”模式赋能清洁能源平台建设,加强清洁能源风险管理机制,共同实现经济低碳综合发展。

中国石油公司在巴西开展油气及新能源合作潜力探讨

中国与巴西政治关系稳步向前发展,经济资源禀赋深度互补。中国石油公司在巴西已经具备良好合作基础。巴西油气资源较为丰富,储量规模位居拉美前列,是拉美主要原油出口国;陆上光伏发电、风电有优势和潜力,氢能资源禀赋优越,光伏发电、风电资产交易活跃,国际合作为巴西新能源产业发展注入新动能。卢拉政府“加速增长计划”将大幅增产原油扩大出口,工业用途拉动巴西天然气需求增长,巴西大力发展风力发电、太阳能发电。建议中国石油公司在巴西稳步扩大优质油气资源权益,巩固中国与巴西的原油贸易规模和地位,充分利用合作伙伴的技术、运营及管理等优势,择机参股巴西已建成的陆上光伏、风电项目,与国际石油公司共同探索海上风电项目合作机会,联合研究氢能项目合作前景。

以“大资源”战略推动能源安全保障能力提升的思考

从石油是制约我国能源安全的主要瓶颈问题出发,以全球一体化贸易优化为着力点,围绕利用国际石油市场的跨区域、跨市场、跨周期调节,分析“大资源”战略的内涵与作用。为推进好“大资源”战略,切实提升国际贸易对维护我国能源安全的作用,需要把高质量国际合作、深入推进共建“一带一路”以及国内石油期货市场发展和提升石油市场话语权结合起来。

全球地缘政治大变局下国际油气格局变化分析

乌克兰危机延宕不休,巴以冲突接踵而至,世界呈现新旧矛盾突出、局部冲突频发的复杂局面,预示着全球地缘政治格局将迎来重大变化。能源领域因对各国经济社会发展具有全局性和战略性影响,正在成为大国博弈焦点,将带动全球油气格局发生引人瞩目的重要变化。文章旨在研究地缘政治格局与国际油气格局联动变化的长周期趋势,探究2035年前全球油气产业的投资格局、供应格局、贸易格局的变化趋势,并针对中国能源公司经营管理及国际化布局提出对策建议。

中国推动能源革命的动因、实践进展与未来取向

能源革命是中国面对世界能源转型和实现“双碳”目标的重大战略选择,厘清推动能源革命的动因、实践进展与未来取向,对精准推进能源革命战略具有重要意义。首先,文章从现实动因、理论动因两方面阐释中国能源革命的缘起,提出能源供需矛盾、能源结构不合理、生态环境污染以及经济增长不可持续等是驱动中国推进能源革命的重要因素;其次,从“四个革命、一个合作”五方面梳理了中国能源革命的实践进展,梳理了十年来能源革命取得的成效;最后从化石能源与新能源共生、能源产业链供应链韧性提升、数智化驱动能源革命走深走实、碳减排与碳汇相结合引领能源转型、能源国际合作由被动向主动转变五个方面提出了深入精准推动能源革命的未来取向。