International Cooperation and Human Rights Protection in the Fight against the COVID-19 Pandemic

The protection of human rights through international cooperation has a long history.Core human rights conventions,regional human rights treaties and other human rights instruments have continuously developed the meaning and scope of international human rights cooperation.The modern risk-laden society with a high degree of complexity and uncertainty has changed the world pattern,which calls for the building of a community with a shared future for human beings with cooperation as the starting point.Under the constant threat of the novel coronavirus,we must continue to deepen the concept of a community with a shared future for human beings,adhere to a“human rights-oriented”approach,and pay particular attention to the current supply and distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine as an important global public good.Only through solidarity and cooperation can mankind finally win the battle against this pandemic and protect human rights.

Concept of building a Community with a Shared Future for Human beings and International Cooperation on Pandemic Prevention and Control——Global Pandemic Prevention and Control and Human rights Protection the Second Session of the Series of international S

The global outbreak of COVID-19 has posed a great challenge to the human rights protection.On May 18,2020,the second session of the series of international seminars on"Global Pandemic Prevention and Control and Human Rights Protection",organized by the Institute of Human Rights of China University of Political Science and Law under the guidance of the China Society for Human Rights Studies,was held online.The seminar was themed on the Concept of Building a Community with a Shared Future for Human Beings and International Cooperation on Pandemic Prevention and Control."Through the seminr,Chinese and foreign experts discussed in depth the values of human rights theories,the specific practices and measures taken by China and the European Union in fighting COVID-19,the protection of human rights in emergencies and the issue of human rights derogation.The seminar delivered a general consensus that prejudice should be abandoned in public health emergencies and international cooperation is continuously promoted within the framework of the United Nations to build a community with a shared future for human beings.

Carry forward advantages of traditional medicines in prevention and control of outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic

Members of the China-ASEAN Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Traditional Medicine Research used the video conference platform to exchange and discuss the advantages of traditional medicine through the form of score exchange and report,and research and develop the amount and issues of the therapeutic COVID-19 products of concern.This paper mainly reviews the achievements of the implementation of the epidemic prevention and control plan,advances of scientific basic studies on SARS-CoV-2,analysis and screening of potential targets and pathways of antiviral compounds based on network pharmacology and development of antiviral food dual-use products.The authors believe that the declaration of the(10+3)special meeting of national leaders on epidemic prevention and control should raise the medical and pharmaceutical issues of common concern.It is the responsibility of our joint laboratory members to accelerate the development of traditional medicine research and industry.Also the authors believe that this exchange will certainly promote the development of the cause of cooperation.

考虑疫苗技术水平与国际关系影响的国际疫苗合作随机演化博弈模型

国际合作能够提高疫苗先进水平,进而对疫情治理产生重要影响。国际疫苗合作局面能否形成,不仅要考虑各国参与疫苗合作的成本收益,其还受到各国疫情治理理念、疫情危害程度、国情差异等多方面随机因素的影响。本文针对不确定性因素影响下的疫苗国际合作研发态势的演化过程,构建了基于Moran过程的随机演化博弈模型,分别计算了收益和随机因素占据主导的情境下个体国家参与国际疫苗合作的均衡结果。本文研究表明,个体国家是否参与国际疫苗合作取决于国际关系亲疏程度、疫苗技术水平、随机因素、参与疫苗合作研发的收益以及参与合作国的数量。收益因素占据主导的情境下,参与国数量大于一定数值时,参与合作的策略侵占整个种群,国际疫苗合作的态势形成;随机因素占据主导的情境下,个体国家依据净收益决定是否参与国际疫苗合作,整体演化是否能够趋于国际合作取决于个体国家参与及不参与合作的收益值。两种情境下本国疫苗技术水平都会对国际疫苗合作产生不确定性影响,而国际关系密切程度的提升均能对国际疫苗合作局面的最终形成产生促进作用。基于情境扩展分析,本文还发现,美国疫苗霸凌行为对国际疫苗合作带来较大负面影响,而我国“动态清零”政策下应深度加强和促进国际疫苗合作;此外,在当前疫情发展态势下,国际疫苗合作能够更有效促进各国之间的优势互补,合作的积极意义越来越凸显。

集体行动视角下新冠肺炎病毒疫苗的国际合作:理论逻辑、现实难题与解决策略

新冠肺炎病毒疫苗产品的国际合作是全球抗疫进程中的关键行动,也是一项典型的集体行动。现有研究表明,基于新冠肺炎病毒疫苗产品的独特性,国际合作中的国家行为往往遵循理性选择的逻辑,其背后折射出国际合作的困境,但国家的理性主义并不能完全解释这种困境。从集体行动视角看,国际合作中的国家行为并非只受理性主义控制,而由个体理性与集体非理性共同塑造。个体理性导致集体非理性既是新冠肺炎病毒疫苗国际合作中国家行为的逻辑起点,也是合作困境产生的基本机理。分析如何打破新冠肺炎病毒疫苗的国际合作困境,既要重视并把握各国国家利益与立场所蕴含的理性逻辑,也要充分考虑影响集体行动的非理性作用,明确行动难题,寻求解决途径。

新冠疫情下的全球卫生治理:现状、问题与完善——以2005版《国际卫生条例》为视角

COVID-19的大流行给国际法律制度和政策带来了前所未有的挑战,国际社会还无法预见其长期后果。以联合国世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,以下简称世卫组织)和2005版《国际卫生条例》(International Health Regulations,以下简称《条例》)为基础的预防和控制疾病国际传播的法律制度体系也受到了严峻的考验,世卫组织依据《条例》的国际法规定领导世界抗击新冠疫情。然而,《条例》在操作上存在诸多问题,如国际关注的突发公共卫生事件的标准不明确、缺乏遵约机制和有效的争端解决机制、限制了国际合作与援助、缺乏足够的资金应对大流行等。《条例》尽管存在缺陷,却是全球卫生法律治理的重要框架。世卫组织可通过修订《条例》解决存在的主要问题,如设立PHEIC“中间”警报级别、建立可靠和统一的筹资机制等,可为世卫组织带来新的动力,并促使各国对流行病做出更加协调和有效的反应。