Biochemical parameters are useful in the diagnosis of many health abnormalities in athletes. Some studies suggest training well and eating a balanced diet to improve performance. The modification of biochemical parame...Biochemical parameters are useful in the diagnosis of many health abnormalities in athletes. Some studies suggest training well and eating a balanced diet to improve performance. The modification of biochemical parameters during endurance races has not yet been studied in many African countries. Our objective was to evaluate the dietary profile and the effects of competition on the biochemical parameters of Congolese endurance athletes. The method used was the questionnaire for the food profile and blood samples were taken to measure the biochemical parameters of the athletes. A total of 64 athletes, i.e. 20 girls and 44 boys divided into two groups (group 1 or experimental group (EG), 32 endurance athletes and group 2 or control group (CG), 32 walkers who participated in a cross-sectional study in Brazzaville. The subjects were respectively 26.16 ± 2.79 years old for the EG and 27.44 ± 3.34 years old for the CG. The results indicated that quality foods were difficult to access. The main course was more consumed compared to the starter and dessert (60% of girls and 63.63 of boys). However, biochemical parameters showed a significantly lower serum creatinine concentration in EG subjects compared to CG subjects (0.86 ± 0.06 mg/dl vs 1.04 ± 0.16 mg/dl;t = ?5.95;p 0.05). Similarly, Total Cholesterol was significantly low (1.66 ± 0.34 g/l vs 2.09 ± 0.50 g/l;t = ?3.99;p < 0.000). Cholesterol concentrations of EG subjects (HDL-C) were significantly elevated (0.98 ± 0.49 g/l vs 0.48 ± 0.18 g/l;t = 5.34;p < 0.000). In conclusion, the biochemical data were normal but the food profile of the runners was unfavorable, inadequate and unbalanced. This is considered to be a performance limiting factor.展开更多
The fourth wave science and technology revolution is quickly ushering in a worldwide military revolution.The major powers such as the United States,Russia and China are all striving to catch up with the wave by accele...The fourth wave science and technology revolution is quickly ushering in a worldwide military revolution.The major powers such as the United States,Russia and China are all striving to catch up with the wave by accelerating their own research on new military technology and the deployment of new military equipment.This presents significant changes to the international security system:the existing disarmament and arms control system is on the brink of collapse,strategic competition among the big powers has intensified,and the risk of global turbulence is on the rise.The future of international security and its mechanism depends both on the method and direction of the technology revolution,and on the ability of the big powers to put aside their differences and avoid conflict in the major arenas of competition.In this process,China should seek to play a bigger and more constructive role.This would not only be conducive to world peace and development,but is also the only way for China to secure a seat in the future international system.展开更多
This paper reports the effects of two trainings-5 km cross-country race and 15 min heat-bath on theimprovement of heat-tolerance. All subjects of the training group were asked to perform a training once daily for 10to...This paper reports the effects of two trainings-5 km cross-country race and 15 min heat-bath on theimprovement of heat-tolerance. All subjects of the training group were asked to perform a training once daily for 10to 12 d within two weeks. The results proved that the cross-country race training both in the artificial hot chamberand on the drill ground of troop could obtain evident training-adaptation. The rectal temperature, heart rate, andsweat volume reduced by 0. 39℃, 13. 2 b/min and 338 g during training in field, respectively. In the same period ofcross-country race training, the normal military exercises, labours and natural heat acclimatization in the summercould only raise slightly the level of heat acclimatization in soldiers. Heat-bath training could reduce rectal temperature by 0. 6℃ during immersion in hot water, however, the level of heat-tolerance in a hot climatic chamber was inferior to that attained by cross-country race, march and running training.展开更多
in order to improve the acquired level of heat acclimatization (HA) by training, on the basis of singlemode march training (SMT) or single-mode cross-country race training (SCT) , combined training method of march and...in order to improve the acquired level of heat acclimatization (HA) by training, on the basis of singlemode march training (SMT) or single-mode cross-country race training (SCT) , combined training method of march and cross-country race in the heat was adopted in this experiment ,and the effect of the training on heat tolerance was analyzed. Eight young males were asked to perform a simulated SMT and SCT for 90 min on a treadmill in a hot climate chamber (Td 32. 7℃ , WBGT 28. 4℃ ) once daily for 10 to 12 d within two weeks. The results showed that rectal temperature (Tr) was reduced by 0. 61℃ , heart rate (Hr) by 8. 5 b/min,sweat volume (SV)by 0. 220 kg, physiological strain index (PSI)by 0. 620,systolic pressure (SP)and diastolic pressure (DP) had a little change, pulse pressure (PP) and stroke volume (StV) increased , and cardiac output (CO) decreased a little at the middle stage and increased at the late stage due to Hr change. The standardized bicycle ergometer test (SBE test) in the heat (Td 37℃)has proved that these physiological indexes post-training had significant improvements ,as compared with those pre-training, suggesting that the combined training could raise heat-tolerance and was superior to the SMT in improving acquired heat acclimatization in same training duration and times , and to the SCT in regulating body temperature and cardiovascular function and in prolonging heat tolerance duration.展开更多
WEARING pink relay belts, women athletes with yellow, white and black skin were waiting in order on the starting line. It was February 20, 1994, and the Ninth Great Wall Friendship Ekiden and the Fourth International ...WEARING pink relay belts, women athletes with yellow, white and black skin were waiting in order on the starting line. It was February 20, 1994, and the Ninth Great Wall Friendship Ekiden and the Fourth International Women’s Ekiden were being held in Beijing. Both the start and finish lines were located inside the National Olympic Sports Center. Passing the Second Ring Road, Chang’an Street and Tian’anmen Square, the whole course was 42.195 kilometers long, divided into six relay sections of 5, 10, 5, 10, 5, and 7.195 kilometers, according to the international standard. About 100 women athletes were taking part in the International Women’s Ekiden.展开更多
文摘Biochemical parameters are useful in the diagnosis of many health abnormalities in athletes. Some studies suggest training well and eating a balanced diet to improve performance. The modification of biochemical parameters during endurance races has not yet been studied in many African countries. Our objective was to evaluate the dietary profile and the effects of competition on the biochemical parameters of Congolese endurance athletes. The method used was the questionnaire for the food profile and blood samples were taken to measure the biochemical parameters of the athletes. A total of 64 athletes, i.e. 20 girls and 44 boys divided into two groups (group 1 or experimental group (EG), 32 endurance athletes and group 2 or control group (CG), 32 walkers who participated in a cross-sectional study in Brazzaville. The subjects were respectively 26.16 ± 2.79 years old for the EG and 27.44 ± 3.34 years old for the CG. The results indicated that quality foods were difficult to access. The main course was more consumed compared to the starter and dessert (60% of girls and 63.63 of boys). However, biochemical parameters showed a significantly lower serum creatinine concentration in EG subjects compared to CG subjects (0.86 ± 0.06 mg/dl vs 1.04 ± 0.16 mg/dl;t = ?5.95;p 0.05). Similarly, Total Cholesterol was significantly low (1.66 ± 0.34 g/l vs 2.09 ± 0.50 g/l;t = ?3.99;p < 0.000). Cholesterol concentrations of EG subjects (HDL-C) were significantly elevated (0.98 ± 0.49 g/l vs 0.48 ± 0.18 g/l;t = 5.34;p < 0.000). In conclusion, the biochemical data were normal but the food profile of the runners was unfavorable, inadequate and unbalanced. This is considered to be a performance limiting factor.
文摘The fourth wave science and technology revolution is quickly ushering in a worldwide military revolution.The major powers such as the United States,Russia and China are all striving to catch up with the wave by accelerating their own research on new military technology and the deployment of new military equipment.This presents significant changes to the international security system:the existing disarmament and arms control system is on the brink of collapse,strategic competition among the big powers has intensified,and the risk of global turbulence is on the rise.The future of international security and its mechanism depends both on the method and direction of the technology revolution,and on the ability of the big powers to put aside their differences and avoid conflict in the major arenas of competition.In this process,China should seek to play a bigger and more constructive role.This would not only be conducive to world peace and development,but is also the only way for China to secure a seat in the future international system.
文摘This paper reports the effects of two trainings-5 km cross-country race and 15 min heat-bath on theimprovement of heat-tolerance. All subjects of the training group were asked to perform a training once daily for 10to 12 d within two weeks. The results proved that the cross-country race training both in the artificial hot chamberand on the drill ground of troop could obtain evident training-adaptation. The rectal temperature, heart rate, andsweat volume reduced by 0. 39℃, 13. 2 b/min and 338 g during training in field, respectively. In the same period ofcross-country race training, the normal military exercises, labours and natural heat acclimatization in the summercould only raise slightly the level of heat acclimatization in soldiers. Heat-bath training could reduce rectal temperature by 0. 6℃ during immersion in hot water, however, the level of heat-tolerance in a hot climatic chamber was inferior to that attained by cross-country race, march and running training.
文摘in order to improve the acquired level of heat acclimatization (HA) by training, on the basis of singlemode march training (SMT) or single-mode cross-country race training (SCT) , combined training method of march and cross-country race in the heat was adopted in this experiment ,and the effect of the training on heat tolerance was analyzed. Eight young males were asked to perform a simulated SMT and SCT for 90 min on a treadmill in a hot climate chamber (Td 32. 7℃ , WBGT 28. 4℃ ) once daily for 10 to 12 d within two weeks. The results showed that rectal temperature (Tr) was reduced by 0. 61℃ , heart rate (Hr) by 8. 5 b/min,sweat volume (SV)by 0. 220 kg, physiological strain index (PSI)by 0. 620,systolic pressure (SP)and diastolic pressure (DP) had a little change, pulse pressure (PP) and stroke volume (StV) increased , and cardiac output (CO) decreased a little at the middle stage and increased at the late stage due to Hr change. The standardized bicycle ergometer test (SBE test) in the heat (Td 37℃)has proved that these physiological indexes post-training had significant improvements ,as compared with those pre-training, suggesting that the combined training could raise heat-tolerance and was superior to the SMT in improving acquired heat acclimatization in same training duration and times , and to the SCT in regulating body temperature and cardiovascular function and in prolonging heat tolerance duration.
文摘WEARING pink relay belts, women athletes with yellow, white and black skin were waiting in order on the starting line. It was February 20, 1994, and the Ninth Great Wall Friendship Ekiden and the Fourth International Women’s Ekiden were being held in Beijing. Both the start and finish lines were located inside the National Olympic Sports Center. Passing the Second Ring Road, Chang’an Street and Tian’anmen Square, the whole course was 42.195 kilometers long, divided into six relay sections of 5, 10, 5, 10, 5, and 7.195 kilometers, according to the international standard. About 100 women athletes were taking part in the International Women’s Ekiden.
