Implementing and evaluating an automatic centroid moment tensor procedure for the Indonesia region and surrounding areas

The purpose of this research was to suggest an applicable procedure for computing the centroid moment tensor(CMT)automatically and in real time from earthquakes that occur in Indonesia and the surrounding areas.Gisola software was used to estimate the CMT solution by selecting the velocity model that best suited the local and regional geological conditions in Indonesia and the surrounding areas.The data used in this study were earthquakes with magnitudes of 5.4 to 8.0.High-quality,real-time broadband seismographic data were provided by the International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks Web Services(FDSNWS)and the European Integrated Data Archive(EIDA)Federation in Indonesia and the surrounding areas.Furthermore,the inversion process and filter adjustment were carried out on the seismographic data to obtain good CMT solutions.The CMT solutions from Gisola provided good-quality solutions,in which all earthquake data had A-level quality(high quality,with good variant reduction).The Gisola CMT solution was justified with the Global CMT(GCMT)solution by using the Kagan angle value,with an average of approximately 11.2°.This result suggested that the CMT solution generated from Gisola was trustworthy and reliable.The Gisola CMT solution was typically available within approximately 15 minutes after an earthquake occurred.Once it met the quality requirement,it was automatically published on the internet.The catalog of local and regional earthquake records obtained through this technology holds great promise for improving the current understanding of regional seismic activity and ongoing tectonic processes.The accurate and real-time CMT solution generated by implementing the Gisola algorithm consisted of moment tensors and moment magnitudes,which provided invaluable insights into earthquakes occurring in Indonesia and the surrounding areas.

Methods, units and quality requirements for the analysis of haemoglobin A_(1c) in diabetes mellitus

The formation of glycohemoglobin, especially the hemoglobin A1c(Hb_(A1c)) fraction, occurs when glucose becomes coupled with the amino acid valine in the β-chain of Hb; this reaction is dependent on the plasma concentration of glucose. Since the early 1970 s it has been known that diabetics display higher values of Hb_(A1c) because they have elevated blood glucose concentrations. Thus Hb_(A1c) has acquired a very important role in the treatment and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. After the introduction of the first quantitative measurement of Hb_(A1c), numerous methods for glycohemoglobin have been introduced with different assay principles: From a simple minicolumn technique to the very accurate automated highpressure chromatography and lastly to many automated immunochemical or enzymatic assays. In early days, the results of the quality control reports for Hb_(A1c) varied extensively between laboratories, therefore in United States and Canada working groups(WG) of the Diabetes Controls and Complications Trial(DCCT) were set up to standardize the Hb_(A1c) assays against the DCCT/National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program reference method based on liquid chromatography. In the 1990 s, the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine(IFCC) appointed a new WG to plan a reference preparation and method for the Hb_(A1c) measurement. When the reference procedureswere established, in 2004 IFCC recommended that all manufacturers for equipment used in Hb_(A1c) assays should calibrate their methods to their proposals. This led to an improvement in the coefficient of variation(CV%) associated with the assay. In this review, we describe the glycation of Hb, methods, standardization of the Hb_(A1c) assays, analytical problems, problems with the units in which Hb_(A1c) values are expressed, reference values, quality control aspects, target requirements for Hb_(A1c), and the relationship of the plasma glucose values to Hb_(A1c) concentrations. We also note that the acceptance of the mmol/mol system for Hb_(A1c) as recommended by IFCC, i.e., the new unit and reference ranges, are becoming only slowly accepted outside of Europe where it seems that expressing Hb_(A1c) values either only in per cent units or with parallel reporting of percent and mmol/mol will continue. We believe that these issues should be resolved in the future and that it would avoid confusion if mmol/mol unit for Hb_(A1c) were to gain worldwide acceptance.

Qualitative Perspective of Audit Materiality： Empirical Evidence in Mexico and Colombia

Our contribution analyzes the process of convergence with the International Standards of Audit （ISAs）, particularly those that regulate the concept of materiality in Mexico and Colombia. Between other results, across a survey, it is demonstrated why the effective use of the factors that emerge of his qualitative slope can favor the quality of the financial information that publish the audited companies, the usefulness and the comprehensibility of the report of opinion. In general, the reliability, transparency, and relevancy of the financial statements will meet potentially favored with the strict application of these major and better normative instruments.

Efficacy and Risk Factors Associated to Resistance to Single-Agent Chemotherapy in Low-Risk Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia

Objectives: This study aimed to assess efficacy of intramuscular methotrexate 8-day protocol in the treatment of low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia and also identify prognostic factors associated with treatment failure, necessitating second line chemotherapy. Methods: This study was performed at Gynaecologic and Obstetric Clinic of Dakar Teaching Hospital, the reference Centre of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease in Senegal. At the beginning of 2011, patients were followed according to FIGO’s recommendations. From 2011 to 2014, we diagnosed 88 low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) patients (WHO score < 7). Low-risk patients started their treatment with methotrexate (MTX) based on the 8-day protocol consisting of 1 mg/kg MTX in combination with 0.1 mg/kg folinic acid (FA) every other day. Resistance to treatment was the main outcome. We studied the association of different prognostic factors included in the World Health Organisation (WHO) scoring system and resistance to the initial single agent chemotherapy. Results: Eighty-eight patients were diagnosed for GTN during the study period. Average age was 31 years. The antecedent pregnancy was molar in 98.1% of cases. Seventy-four patients underwent remission after single agent-chemotherapy. Resistance rate to single-agent chemotherapy was 15.9% (14 patients). Nine of them achieved remission after second line chemotherapy. WHO score was significantly associated with the risk of resistance to single-agent chemotherapy. Other variables included in the WHO as age, antecedent pregnancy, pre-treatment hCG, tumour size and FIGO stage were not significantly associated with resistance. We report five fatal cases. Conclusion: The 8-day protocol consisting of 1 mg/kg MTX in combination with 0.1 mg/kg folinic acid (FA) every other day is effective for women with LRGTN. The only significant prognostic factor for failure is pretreatment WHO score. We highly recommend the use of this protocol particularly in developing countries where methotrexate is available, affordable and relatively safe.

Contribution of MRI in Extension Assessment of Cervical Cancer in Yaoundé(Cameroon)

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers, requiring a precise complementary assessment. The aim of this study was to contribute to the improvement of the management of cervical cancer by describing the MRI aspects of cervical cancer according to the IFOG-MRI classification. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted in patients who came for clinical suspicion, extension assessment of histologically confirmed cervical cancer, from October 2020 to March 2021, in Yaoundé (Cameroon). Results: 54 patients were selected, with an average age of 50.4 years. Genital hemorrhage was the most frequent symptom (92%). The mean tumor size was 52.9 mm. According to IFOG staging, stages Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIIb, and IV accounted for 9.10%, 10.20%, 12.50%, 29.50%, 5.70%, 12.50%, and 20% respectively. No patient had known metastasis at the time of examination. Conclusion: MRI allows non-invasive, satisfactory tumor staging examination by providing information on tumor size, parametrium invasion, adjacent organ involvement, and the presence of lymph node metastasis.

Standard NER Tagging Scheme for Big Data Healthcare Analytics built on Unified Medical Corpora

The motivation for this research comes from the gap found in discovering the common ground for medical context learning through analytics for different purposes of diagnosing,recommending,prescribing,or treating patients for uniform phenotype features from patients’profile.The authors of this paper while searching for possible solutions for medical context learning found that unified corpora tagged with medical nomenclature was missing to train the analytics for medical context learning.Therefore,here we demonstrated a mechanism to come up with uniform NER(Named Entity Recognition)tagged medical corpora that is fed with 14407 endocrine patients’data set in Comma Separated Values(CSV)format diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and comorbidity diseases.The other corpus is of ICD-10-CM coding scheme in text format taken from www.icd10data.com.ICD-10-CM corpus is to be tagged for understanding the medical context with uniformity for which we are conducting different experiments using common natural language programming(NLP)techniques and frameworks like TensorFlow,Keras,Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM),and Bi-LSTM.In our preliminary experiments,albeit label sets in form of(instance,label)pair were tagged with Sequential()model formed on TensorFlow.Keras and Bi-LSTM NLP algorithms.The maximum accuracy achieved for model validation was 0.8846.

GLOBAL ACTION NEEDED TO COMBAT DIABETES, SAYS WHO DIRECTOR-GENERAL 15th International Diabetes Federation Congress in Japan

Action on a broad front is necessary to tackle the growing global burden of diabetes and make it a preventable

China Federation of International Mining Capacity Cooperation Enterprises Established

On September 22,the inaugural meeting of the China Federation of International Mining CapacityCooperationEnterprises('Federation')was held in Tianjin.Vice Minister of Land and Resources Cao Weixing attended the meeting and delivered a speech.Heads of the departments and units directly under the National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC)and the Ministry of

Cardiovascular risk and prevalence of metabolic syndrome by differing criteria

Background The prevalence of metabolic syndrome （MetS） in hypertensive population in Chinese countryside is unknown. Firstly, this study compared the prevalence of MetS according to National Cholesterol Education Program （NCEP） ATPIII, revised NCEP and International Diabetes Federation （IDF） definitions. Secondly, it investigated the association between MetS, coronary heart disease （CHD） and stroke in patients with hypertension. Methods In this cross sectional study, the cluster sampling method was used. Three MetS definitions were applied to 1418 normal subjects and 5348 hypertensive patients aged 40-75 years in rural areas in China. The agreement between different MetS definitions was estimated by K statistics. Logistic regression analyses determined the association between MetS defined by the three MetS definitions and CHD and stroke. Results In subjects without hypertension, the prevalence of Mets was 4.1% by NCEP definition, 8.3% revised NCEP definition and 7.8% IDF definition. In hypertensive individuals, the prevalence was 14.0%, 32.9%, and 27.4% in men; 35.6%, 53.1%, and 50.2% in women by the same definitions, respectively. In hypertensive individuals, the agreement was 94.4% in men and 97.0% in women between revised NCEP and IDF definitions. The IDF defined MetS was more strongly associated with CHD than the NCEP or revised NCEP defined MetS （adjusted odds ratio： 1.92 compared with 1.85 and 1.69 in men; 1.64 compared with 1.48 and 1.60 in women）. Conclusions In the patients with hypertension, the revised NCEP and IDF definitions identified more individuals than NCEP definition and their agreement is very high. The IDF defined MetS is more strongly associated with CHD than the NCEP or revised NCEP defined MetS, but weakly or not associated with stroke.