Background:Animal models are widely applied in medical research for different purposes.In particular,results from translational experiments may be used for subsequent clinical development.However,transferability of th...Background:Animal models are widely applied in medical research for different purposes.In particular,results from translational experiments may be used for subsequent clinical development.However,transferability of these findings to the human organism is controversial.Among other factors,this may be traced back to a lack of clear differentiation of the evidence(explorative vs.confirmatory)provided by such experimental results.In general,inferential statistics(i.e.p values)should not be interpreted in as confirmatory unless crucial methodological requirements are met.Methods:Therefore,we propose a phase model which reflects the well-established process of clinical research,and we discuss its potential to improve decision making in translational research.The model aims to clarify the reliability of results derived from animal models.Results:The phase model proposes subdividing translational,pre-clinical research into pilot,exploration,and confirmation phases.Experiments for which there is no valid estimation of the expected effect size are designated as pilot studies.Based on these data,experiments in subsequent phases may be planned using both appropriate design and statistical methods.Conclusion:Separating the entire process of translational animal research into three phases could contribute to improved transparency of the evidence derived from such experiments.展开更多
This paper proposed a new method of semi-automatic extraction for semantic structures from unlabelled corpora in specific domains. The approach is statistical in nature. The extracted structures can be used for shallo...This paper proposed a new method of semi-automatic extraction for semantic structures from unlabelled corpora in specific domains. The approach is statistical in nature. The extracted structures can be used for shallow parsing and semantic labeling. By iteratively extracting new words and clustering words, we get an inital semantic lexicon that groups words of the same semantic meaning together as a class. After that, a bootstrapping algorithm is adopted to extract semantic structures. Then the semantic structures are used to extract new展开更多
O-F culture medium remains to be important for the detection of nonfermentative bacteria. Currently the widely used O-F culture medium adopts the Hugh-Leifson formula. The authors made a comparative study of the 4 kin...O-F culture medium remains to be important for the detection of nonfermentative bacteria. Currently the widely used O-F culture medium adopts the Hugh-Leifson formula. The authors made a comparative study of the 4 kinds of O F methods and concluded that: the Hugh-Leifson is still a reliable formula, although sometimes展开更多
文摘Background:Animal models are widely applied in medical research for different purposes.In particular,results from translational experiments may be used for subsequent clinical development.However,transferability of these findings to the human organism is controversial.Among other factors,this may be traced back to a lack of clear differentiation of the evidence(explorative vs.confirmatory)provided by such experimental results.In general,inferential statistics(i.e.p values)should not be interpreted in as confirmatory unless crucial methodological requirements are met.Methods:Therefore,we propose a phase model which reflects the well-established process of clinical research,and we discuss its potential to improve decision making in translational research.The model aims to clarify the reliability of results derived from animal models.Results:The phase model proposes subdividing translational,pre-clinical research into pilot,exploration,and confirmation phases.Experiments for which there is no valid estimation of the expected effect size are designated as pilot studies.Based on these data,experiments in subsequent phases may be planned using both appropriate design and statistical methods.Conclusion:Separating the entire process of translational animal research into three phases could contribute to improved transparency of the evidence derived from such experiments.
文摘This paper proposed a new method of semi-automatic extraction for semantic structures from unlabelled corpora in specific domains. The approach is statistical in nature. The extracted structures can be used for shallow parsing and semantic labeling. By iteratively extracting new words and clustering words, we get an inital semantic lexicon that groups words of the same semantic meaning together as a class. After that, a bootstrapping algorithm is adopted to extract semantic structures. Then the semantic structures are used to extract new
文摘O-F culture medium remains to be important for the detection of nonfermentative bacteria. Currently the widely used O-F culture medium adopts the Hugh-Leifson formula. The authors made a comparative study of the 4 kinds of O F methods and concluded that: the Hugh-Leifson is still a reliable formula, although sometimes
