The superhydrophobic sponge decorated with Ni-Co double layered oxides with thiol modification for continuous oil/water separation

In this paper, the superhydrophobic polyurethane sponge(SS-PU) was facilely fabricated by etching with Jones reagent to bind the nanoparticles of Ni-Co double layered oxides(LDOs) on the surface, and following modification with n-dodecyl mercaptan(DDT). This method provides a new strategy to fabricate superhydrophobic PU sponge with a water contact angle of 157° for absorbing oil with low cost and in large scale. It exhibits the strong absorption capacity and highly selective characteristic for various kinds of oils which can be recycled by simple squeezing. Besides, the as-prepared sponge can deal with the floating and underwater oils, indicating its application value in handling oil spills and domestic oily wastewater. The good self-cleaning ability shows the potential to clear the pollutants due to the ultralow adhesion to water. Especially, the most important point is that the superhydrophobic sponge can continuously and effectively separate the oil/water mixture against the condition of turbulent disturbance by using our designed device system, which exhibit its good superhydrophobicity, strong stability.Furthermore, the SS-PU still maintained stable absorption performance after 150 cycle tests without losing capacity obviously, showing excellent durability in long-term operation and significant potential as an efficient absorbent in large-scale dispose of oily water.

Zwitterionic monolayer grafted ceramic membrane with an antifouling performance for the efficient oil-water separation

Enormous demands on the separation of oil/water(O/W)emulsions in various industries,such as petrochemical,food and pharmaceutical industries,are looking for high performance and energy-efficient separation methods.Ceramic membranes have been used to deal with O/W emulsions,for its outstanding characteristics of easy-operation,high-flux,and long-term stability.However,membrane fouling is still a challenge in the industrial application of ceramic membranes.Herein,antifouling ceramic membranes were fabricated by grafting zwitterions on the membrane surface via an environment-friendly two-step grafting method,which improves the antifouling property and permeability.Successful grafting of such zwitterion on the ceramic surface was assessed by the combination of FTIR and XPS characterization.More importantly,the hydration can be formed by electrostatic interactions layer on the modified membrane,which was confirmed by TGA characterization.The antifouling performance of prepared zwitterionic ceramic membranes in the separation of O/W emulsions was systematically tested.The results suggested that zwitterion can significantly improve the flux of ceramic ultrafiltration membrane,and can also improve antifouling property dramatically by reducing the irreversible fouling in the separation of O/W emulsions.Therefore,zwitterionic ceramic membranes hold promising potentials as an antifouling,highly efficient and green method in the practical purification of the O/W emulsions.

Simulation logging experiment and interpretation model of array production logging measurements in a horizontal well

The distributions of local velocity and local phase holdup along the radial direction of pipes are complicated because of gravity differentiation,and the distribution of fluid velocity fi eld changes along the gravity direction in horizontal wells.Therefore,measuring the mixture flow and water holdup is difficult,resulting in poor interpretation accuracy of the production logging output profile.In this paper,oil–water two-phase flow dynamic simulation logging experiments in horizontal oil–water two-phase fl ow simulation wells were conducted using the Multiple Array Production Suite,which comprises a capacitance array tool(CAT)and a spinner array tool(SAT),and then the response characteristics of SAT and CAT in diff erent fl ow rates and water cut production conditions were studied.According to the response characteristics of CAT in diff erent water holdup ranges,interpolation imaging along the wellbore section determines the water holdup distribution,and then,the oil–water two-phase velocity fi eld in the fl ow section was reconstructed on the basis of the fl ow section water holdup distribution and the logging value of SAT and combined with the rheological equation of viscous fl uid,and the calculation method of the oil–water partial phase fl ow rate in the fl ow section was proposed.This new approach was applied in the experiment data calculations,and the results are basically consistent with the experimental data.The total fl ow rate and water holdup from the calculation are in agreement with the set values in the experiment,suggesting that the method has high accuracy.

Study on Flow Unit of Heavy Oil Bottom Water Reservoir with Over-Limited Thickness in Offshore Oilfield

The upper Ming section of L oilfield is a typical offshore heavy oil bottom-water reservoir with thick fluvial layers. All horizontal wells are developed by natural energy. Due to the few drilling holes and influence by the resolution of seismic data, it is difficult to describe reservoirs with thickness over 20 meters. In this paper, seismic resonance amplitude inversion technology is introduced to restore the real response of thick reservoirs and interbeds by drilling and drilling verification, and the geological bodies with different thickness are displayed by frequency division RGB three primary colors. Flow units of heavy oil reservoirs with bottom water are divided according to the three major factors of interlayer, lithologic internal boundary and water-oil thickness ratio which have the greatest influence on horizontal well development, thick sand bodies are divided into 10 different flow units in three levels, each unit is separated from each other, and the reservoir structure, water-cut characteristics and water-flooding characteristics are different. The reliability of the research is improved by using the dynamic data of horizontal wells and newly drilled passing wells, which provides a basis for tapping the potential of heavy oil reservoirs with bottom water.

大庆油田裸眼井测井技术进展与展望

为了提高大庆油田裸眼井测井技术支撑能力和研究成果领先水平,全面回顾了大庆油田测井采集系列及解释技术的创新发展历程,系统总结了特高含水期剩余油解释、火山岩等复杂岩性测井评价、碎屑岩储量参数解释、非常规油气“甜点”分类、缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层测井评价等油田勘探开发测井评价技术。在客观分析大庆油田勘探开发测井解释评价需求和面临瓶颈问题的基础上,结合当前油田测井评价对象规模小、物性差、埋藏深、地层结构复杂、非均质性强的特点。指明了测井解释评价核心技术主攻方向。围绕新阶段测井采集及解释评价技术体系完善与建立,对高分辨率和成像测井采集、后油藏时期和非常规测井解释评价、新一代智能解释技术体系等未来发展进行了展望。

风化店地区低阻油层成因分析及识别

针对风化店地区孔店组低阻油层识别困难、测井解释难度大的特点,充分利用测井、录井等资料研究分析低阻油层形成原因。研究认为该区低阻油层受黏土矿物含量、地层水矿化度、薄互层三个方面影响。在系统分析储层四性关系的基础上,分区块、分层位建立了储层参数模型和高精度、适用性强的油、水解释图版标准,准确识别低阻油层,及时应用于现场生产中,取得了明显的效果,为进一步开展老油田低阻油层识别、挖潜上产提供了借鉴和技术保障。

缆控智能分层注水一体化工艺的创新应用

缆控智能分层注水一体化工艺以井下智能测调配水器为核心,集成了流量计、控制电路、电机减速器、可调水嘴和封隔器验封等关键技术。通过实时监测和自动测调控制算法,系统能够精确控制各分层配水器水嘴开度,实现对油田分层注水的数字化和网络化管理。此工艺的关键技术涵盖了注水管柱的设计与功能、地面控制器的组成与功能、井下控制装置如智能测调配水器、高精度流量计和一体化可调水嘴的研发与应用,以及供电和通信电缆的密封与保护技术。实践证明,缆控智能分层注水一体化工艺在提高注水效率、降低人工干预、提升注水合格率等方面表现突出,已在多个油田项目中取得显著成效,大幅度降低了生产成本,提高了油田开发效益。

基于J函数建模的M油藏水淹层测井评价

滨里海盆地M油藏属于稠油油藏,目的层埋深较浅,储层较为疏松。油田开发主要以热采为主,水窜容易造成油藏水淹,且新井初期含水率较高,为此开展水淹层测井评价对于制定科学合理开发调整方案,提高油田开发效率具有重要的意义。通过J函数建模求取原始含油饱和度来评价水淹层,基于M油藏取芯井的岩心资料,结合粒度分析、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、物性分析及压汞实验等方法,通过毛管压力曲线对目的层J函数进行建模,计算原始含油饱和度,对比原始含油饱和度与目前含油饱和度评价水淹层。结合生产测试结论,证明J函数方法在水淹层评价方面效果较好,这种方法对于构造油藏水淹层评价具有重要的参考意义。

D油田二类油层聚驱上返时机计算方法

为合理确定不同经济条件下的经济极限含水率,充分考虑油田效益最大化,评估油田生产是否具有经济效益,针对二类油层聚驱潜力层系接替投产时机问题,基于盈亏平衡原理与产量递减规律提出一种明确上返开发时机的新方法.打破选取98%(水的体积分数)作极限含水率行业标准的限制,基于油价、油田实际产出、成本和税金等经济参数,运用投入产出平衡理论,推导出聚合物驱油田单井经济极限含水率计算模型.利用产量递减规律预测处于后续水驱阶段的油层未来含水变化趋势,结合经济极限含水率,明确达到盈亏平衡点的时机,即层系接替投产时机.以D油田二类油层为例,计算不同油价和产液规模下的经济极限含水率,评价油井生产是否具有经济效益,并预测油田含水率变化,明确了开发投产时机.结果表明,经济极限含水率与油价和日产液量均呈正相关,对于具有较高采油速度的化学驱油层而言,高油价下的极限含水率可达99.02%,远超行业标准.根据建立的经济极限含水率模型预测的开发投产时机,延长了油井高含水期效益生产的寿命,大幅度提高了经济效益,对油田化学驱开发具有重要的指导意义.

多层砂岩油藏分层注水井分注井段优化方法

针对现有分层注水井分注层段确定方法实用性较差的技术问题,开展了分注层段优化方法研究。应用生产动态大数据分析方法,确定出与分注段划分密切相关的10项地质参数;利用归一化、变权及矩阵等数学变换方法,建立了分注层段计算数学模型;结合油藏数值模拟技术和矿场动态监测拟合技术,形成了以10项地质参数为基础,以提高油层动用程度为目标的合理分注政策界限优化方法。实例计算表明,该方法所需参数容易获得,计算过程简单,克服了现有方法仅考虑静态地质参数适用性差,或需要建立复杂地质模型开展数值模拟的繁琐计算过程等,实现了利用注入端、采出端及井网间三类地质参数辅以简单数学计算即可确定分注方案的新方法。以井组gXⅡ为例,应用该方法优化并现场实施,油层动用程度提高了15.7个百分点、产油量增加了23.4 t/d、综合含水率下降了1.16个百分点,验证了分注井段优化新方法的实用价值。

高倾角厚油层注水开发影响因素数值模拟——以H断块P油藏为例

油水重力分异作用对高倾角厚油层注水开发效果影响较大,以H断块P油藏为研究对象,结合实际油藏地质参数,建立高倾角厚油层机理模型,并应用数值模拟方法系统研究了注采位置、地层倾角、油层厚度、储层韵律、注采比、采油速度、地层压力保持水平等7个主要因素对注水开发效果的影响。结果表明,构造低部位注水高部位采油和较大的地层倾角有利于发挥油水重力分异作用从而提高采收率;油层厚度增大采收率降低;反韵律储层因底部较低的渗透率抑制了注入水的重力低伏,采收率较其他韵律储层更高;最佳注采比为1.0,最佳采油速度为3.0%,地层压力保持在原始地层压力的70%~80%时,可以获得更好的开发效果。研究成果可为此类油藏制定注水开发策略提供参考。

台南气田脉冲中子-中子测井解释方法及应用

为评价水侵后台南气田的储层水淹状况,在套管井中规模应用脉冲中子-中子测井技术。研究井筒内积液、水淹层放射性增强、套管尺寸变化等影响因素对脉冲中子-中子测井曲线的影响及其校正方法,形成基于逐步剥离法和SIGMA—RATGN交会图法的储层饱和度定量解释方法。依据驱油效率、含水饱和度、校正后的热中子俘获截面值,建立台南气田气层水淹级别评价标准。新方法有效提高气层识别准确性和储层饱和度解释精度,水淹层评价符合率达92.3%,为台南气田稳产提供技术支持。

中国海油油气勘探新进展与下步勘探方向

地质认识创新为油气勘探发现提供理论指导和科学依据。2023年,中国海油在隐蔽型潜山成圈机制、深水超浅层天然气富集模式等方面取得一系列地质新认识,指导渤海浅层岩性和隐蔽型潜山原油、珠江口盆地深水深层原油、琼东南盆地深水超浅层天然气、北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷页岩油、陆上鄂尔多斯盆地深煤层气等10个领域获重大发现,落实了4个亿吨级油田和1个千亿方气区。未来面对勘探领域日趋复杂、用海矛盾日益突出及海外勘探领域单一等诸多挑战,中国海油将加大风险勘探与甩开勘探力度,全力推动国内勘探和海外勘探协同发展,为油气增储上产提供坚实储量基础。

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘低对比度油层流体判识新方法

随着勘探开发的不断深入,油田勘探开发对象日益复杂化,油水层的低对比度特征愈加突出。受沉积微相、源储配置关系、充注程度等因素影响,低对比度油藏隐蔽性强、油水关系复杂,测井识别评价难度大,解释符合率偏低。因此,亟需建立有效的低对比度油层流体识别技术,提升测井解释精度。以鄂尔多斯盆地西缘环江西部长8储层为例,从研究岩性、物性、水性、含油性等方面入手,深入剖析研究区低对比度油层成因机理,研究认为地层水矿化度差异、束缚水饱和度高、油藏充注程度低是导致环江油田西部长8储层出现低电阻率、低对比度特征的重要因素。在此基础上建立流体敏感因子识别法;并从测井信号能量构成的角度出发,通过构建流体敏感测井曲线,基于小波变换算法,创新研发了多尺度小波能量谱流体识别技术;针对研究区油藏充注程度低,基于相渗实验创新形成了产水率细分油水同层评价方法。以上3种方法均有效提高了研究区低对比度油层流体性质判识能力,在低对比度油层识别方面应用效果显著。

含油储层高精度预测技术在港北地区薄油层中的应用

港北地区明化镇组砂体厚度薄、地震反射弱、横向变化快的特点造成了储层精细预测难度加大,为此开展了一种基于多元线性回归属性的储层预测技术研究。以该地区邻井钻遇高产含油砂体为依托,结合精细层位标定、井震结合、人工-智能解释、地震属性交会和地震属性融合技术对港北地区G 147井区NmⅡ⁃8小层展布进行精准刻画,总结出适合该类油藏的砂体预测方法,并在砂体低动用区域成功部署了10口产能井,取得了一定的效果,为该井区进一步滚动扩边提供了依据。

吴起油田W油区长7油层油气成藏因素分析

针对油气藏分布及主控因素认识不清等问题,文章在烃源岩、储层等方面进行油气地质条件分析的基础上,从油水层识别、油气藏类型及分布等方面开展了油气控制因素分析工作。研究表明:(1)吴起油田W油区长7油页岩厚度在15~25 m,TOC含量远大于2%、Ro为0.8%;长73、长72、长71东北部砂体较为发育,主河道砂体厚度分别为15~25 m、15~23 m、15~28 m。(2)吴起油田W油区长7主要发育鼻状构造、砂岩透镜体、致密砂岩遮挡等类型油藏,主要富集三角洲前缘水下分流河道,河道砂岩与分流间湾泥岩的合理有效配置是成藏的关键。

注水技术在油田开发中的应用与优化策略

通过概述注水系统及其解堵的重要性,分析注水井油层堵塞的机理,包括粘土膨胀、铁的沉淀和细菌堵塞等因素。介绍新型注水技术如防喷、加压、封堵技术及水驱开发模式,并提出了先进的注水策略。通过实践要点总结了油田注水开发的优化措施,包括调整井网、实施分层注水、提升注水水质和精确控制注水压力等。

塔里木油田超深井压恢曲线异常分析及解决对策

针对塔里木油田超深井压力恢复测试,受试井压力计下深限制及井筒内多相流体重力分异、油水界面变动影响,压力恢复曲线经常出现“局部压力下降”、“直线”等异变特征,影响储层渗流能力、污染状况、边界特征分析,难以对储层进行准确描述。XX1-3井在压力恢复测试中压力恢复曲线出现“直线”异常特征,严重影响了解释精度及对储层的认识;通过分析井筒内油水界面变化对压力恢复曲线形态的影响,计算液面降落速度,合理设计压力计下入深度及关井时间,使测点压力变化与产层中部压力变化趋势相一致,较好地消除了液面移动造成的压力恢复曲线中“直线”段异常特征,从第二次压恢测试曲线中可以看出,压恢有效压力数据时长占比98.53%,提高了试井资料解释精度,加深了对地层压力、渗流能力、污染状况、边界特征等认识。为超深井中含水较高的油井压力恢复测试提供可借鉴方案,为油气藏开发方案的编制提供了可靠的理论依据。

基于分子动力学模拟的α-SiO_(2)纳米颗粒油-水界面吸附行为研究

纳米颗粒相界面吸附与自组装被广泛应用于石油采收、泡沫浮选、药物输送及新型功能材料等研究领域。然而,由于溶剂化力、静电斥力等多种相互作用所导致的吸附势垒,纳米颗粒自发吸附至界面的过程受到阻碍。基于分子动力学方法研究了α-SiO_(2)纳米颗粒相界面吸附动力学特征,深入分析了水化层结构及离子浓度对颗粒吸附行为的影响。首先,通过修饰表面基团获取了不同亲疏水性α-SiO_(2)纳米颗粒的吸附特征:纳米颗粒自发扩散至亚界面后会经历弛豫吸附至界面、快速吸附以及在界面区域经历一段弛豫后达到动态平衡三个过程。随后,从径向分布函数、角度分布、氢键密度分布等对纳米颗粒水化层结构以及氢键结构和进行了量化和比较,通过水化层内水分子驻留自相关函数以及氢键寿命分析了水化层结构及氢键结构的动力学特性。结果表明:水化层结构依赖于所作用颗粒的表面特性,与亲水表面相比,水分子在疏水表面具有明显的择优取向和更强的流动性;表面-水间氢键相互作用和水化层内特殊氢键结构是影响颗粒吸附的重要原因;不同离子效应可以通过共同作用干扰氢键结构以促进纳米颗粒相界面吸附。本研究为理解纳米颗粒相界面吸附动力学特性以及吸附壁垒形成机制提供参考,对于纳米颗粒相界面可控吸附在石油采收、新型功能材料等应用领域具有指导意义。

Residual oil evolution based on displacement characteristic curve

The purpose of this study was to determine the displacement and dynamic distribution characteristics of the remaining oil in the two development stages of water flooding and subsequent alkaline surfactant polymer(ASP) flooding. The well pattern types in the water and ASP flooding stages are a longdistance determinant well pattern and short-distance five-point well pattern, respectively. The type A displacement characteristic curve can be obtained using the production data, and the slope of the straight-line section of the curve can reflect the displacement strength of the oil displacement agent. A numerical simulation was carried out based on the geological model. The results revealed that the injected water advances steadily with a large-distance determinant water-flooding well pattern. The single-well water production rate increases monotonically during water flooding. There is a significant positive correlation between the cumulative water-oil ratio and the formation parameter. Differential seepage between the oil and water phases is the main factor causing residual oil formation after water flooding, while the residual oil is still relatively concentrated. The effect of the chemical oildisplacement agent on improving the oil-water two-phase seepage flow has distinct stages during ASP flooding. The remaining oil production is extremely sporadic after ASP flooding.