Spatial differentiation pattern of interregional migration in ethnic minority areas of Yunnan Province, China

Interregional migration has broad and far-reaching impacts on regional urbanization process in ethnic minority areas of Southwest China.The previous literature of interregional migration paid less attention on the ethnic minority areas with fragile geographical feature and marginal socio-economic context in the developing world due to the dearth of reliable data.Based on the 2015 national 1%population sampling survey at the village/community scale,taking Yulong Naxi Autonomous County,Yunnan Province,China as the case study,this paper analyzed the spatial differentiation pattern.The results showed that:(1)migration in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County exhibited obvious spatial differentiation characteristics in terms of population aggregation,population loss,migration direction,and migration activity;(2)the overall spatial differentiation of migration exhibited a"layer+sector"pattern in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County:the first layer was active areas with net inflows(<20 km from the seat of the county government),the second layer was inactive areas(within 20–60 km of the seat of the county government),and the third layer was a mixed"layer+sector"zone(>60 km to the seat of the county government),comprised of inactive areas and active areas with net outflows;(3)the spatial differentiation pattern of migration was highly correlated with the regional contexts including the regional economic development,regional transportation accessibility and regional social development,while regional physical geographical factors had insignificant relationships with the migration pattern.

A Study on Interregional Differences in Elderly Person’s Remote Care in Terms of Traveling Time and Expense:Comparative Consideration in TOKYO Area and OSAKA Area

This study has been carried out to examine the development of an “elderly tele-nursing model” for care provided in-homeby family members and through remote nursing systems in a super-aging society. The time required for elderly tele-nursing wasinfluenced by whether or not the visitor uses the Shinkansen or the Express train. Based on 40 questionnaires, clear differences wereobserved according to whether visits were “every two weeks” or “once per month”. And finally, comparing the trends andcharacteristics of remote care for the elderly in the TMA (Tokyo Main Area) and Kansai region clarified regional characteristic.

地区主义演进和中亚的“新黄金时代”

以“C5+1”机制为特征的区域间合作已成为中亚国家对接国际体系的主要形式,而在中亚历史上出现的“黄金时代”就与区域间合作密不可分。本文借助中亚与阿拉伯世界关系,讨论了区域间主义与中亚地区主义的相互影响,分析了地区主义的演进路径,透过历史的多棱镜可以看到,包容开放是中亚地区主义获得成功的有效路径,这也是中亚发展区域间主义的基本条件。但是,在构建包容开放的地区主义进程中,中亚国家将面临诸多挑战。解决好上述挑战,中亚国家就能早日走向区域性的繁荣发展之路,并进入中亚的“新黄金时代”。

中国与东盟国家反恐合作:理论创新与路径探索

“一带一路”倡议启动十年来,中国与东盟国家在经贸领域的合作不断深入,非传统安全威胁给合作成果带来的威胁日益凸显。东南亚地区的恐怖势力呈现出域内域外整合、与暴力极端组织融合、与有组织犯罪结合的发展新态势。深化在反恐、打击跨境犯罪等领域的合作是中国与东盟国家协调发展、共同应对挑战的必然选择。然而,双方现有合作中面临东盟内部结构性障碍、预防性反恐缺乏、法制建设不均衡以及区域力量制衡等问题,严重阻碍了反恐合作的深入发展。本研究将国际反恐合作问题置于与区域间主义、集体行动等与合作相关的理论所构建的分析框架中进行分析和思考,从合作的达成和合作困难的根本性原因出发,对合作发生的可能性、可行性进行理论分析,从理论与现实相结合的视角审视问题解决的可能途径,并通过该分析框架详细分析中国与东盟国家区域间警务合作中澜湄执法安全合作这一典型案例,为中国与东盟国家化解反恐合作困境提供新的思路。

地区异质性、区际分工优化与加快构建新发展格局

地区异质性是区际分工优化的原因。区际分工优化即围绕地区主体功能定位进行分工优化,在很大程度上是地区异质性的结果。二者共同决定一个地区在构建新发展格局中如何定位、如何分工、如何强化优势以融入和服务新发展格局。在推进高水平对外开放、优化区域开放布局的过程中,内陆及沿边地区的对外开放给这些地区“第一自然”的“再发现”提供了可能,也为“第二自然”的“再创造”营造了制度友好型的发展环境,有利于我国经济地理的重塑。同时,各地区应以发挥比较优势为出发点,选择发展方向和主导产业,在区际分工体系中发挥独特作用,参与全国产业链的打造,积极融入和服务构建新发展格局,为国家建设具有完整性、先进性、安全性的现代化产业体系贡献各自力量。此外,只有打破市场分割,打通经济循环的生产、分配、流通、消费各环节堵点,建设全国统一大市场,发挥各地区比较优势生产出来的产品才可能有相对一个地区而言大得多的市场。全国统一大市场是一个需求主体广大的、边界不断扩展的统一大市场。可见,建设全国统一大市场,会不断释放统一市场的制度红利,不断拓展可促进区际分工优化的内需潜力,进而有助于各地区积极融入和服务构建新发展格局。

基于Input-Output模型的新疆水资源合理配置研究

根据2007和2012年新疆统计年鉴和投入产出表等相关资料,利用Input-output模型和水资源结构偏差系数对国民经济各产业的用水效率、用水效益指数等进行了分析。研究表明:2012年新疆各产业水资源利用效率和效益显著提高,但农业用水消耗量远高于其产出效益,第三产业和生态环境产业的水资源消耗呈现递减趋势。此外,工业和建筑业的水资源配置较为合理。最后,为促进新疆水资源优化配置提出了相应的对策建议。

Interregional compensation for farmland protection:From the perspective of farmland allocation optimization

Interregional compensation for farmland protection(IRCFP)is a policy instrument for encouraging farmland protection through interregional fiscal transfer payments.Previous practices and studies on IRCFP have generally determined the payers and recipients of compensation based on the present distribution of farmland,and the compensation standards did not combine farmland development right value with farmland deficit and surplus,resulting in insignificant effects on farmland protection and even policy failure.Therefore,in this study,we proposed an interregional compensation mechanism for farmland protection based on farmland allocation optimization by considering 31 provincial-level regions in China.The results showed that(1)the determination of farmland surplus or deficit areas based on farmland allocation optimization met the regional construction land demand from the perspective of achieving food security.(2)The combination of the compensation value standard and cropland deficit and surplus had a positive effect on farmland protection.(3)Interregional compensation for farmland protection based on farmland allocation optimization can coordinate economic development,farmland protection,and ecological conservation.Finally,we discussed the rationality of interregional compensation for farmland protection based on farmland allocation optimization and designed the operation mechanism of IRCFP.

Spatial Heterogeneity of Embedded Water Consumption from the Perspective of Virtual Water Surplus and Deficit in the Yellow River Basin,China

Virtual water trade(VWT)provides a new perspective for alleviating water crisis and has thus attracted widespread attention.However,the heterogeneity of virtual water trade inside and outside the river basin and its influencing factors remains further study.In this study,for better investigating the pattern and heterogeneity of virtual water trade inside and outside provincial regions along the Yellow River Basin in 2015 using the input-output model(MRIO),we proposed two new concepts,i.e.,virtual water surplus and virtual water deficit,and then used the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index(LMDI)model to identify the inherent mechanism of the imbalance of virtual water trade between provincial regions along the Yellow River Basin and the other four regions in China.The results show that:1)in provincial regions along the Yellow River Basin,the less developed the economy was,the larger the contribution of the agricultural sector in virtual water trade,while the smaller the contribution of the industrial sector.2)Due to the large output of agricultural products,the upstream and midstream provincial regions of the Yellow River Basin had a virtual water surplus,with a net outflow of virtual water of 2.7×10^(8) m^(3) and 0.9×10^(8) m^(3),respectively.3)provincial regions along the Yellow River Basin were in a virtual water deficit with the rest of China,and the decisive factor was the active degree of trade with the outside.This study would be beneficial to illuminate the trade-related water use issues in provincial regions along the Yellow River Basin,which has farreaching practical signific-ance for alleviating water scarcity.

碳达峰时点下渤海通道对区际城市群公路物流碳排放及减排潜力的影响

以2030年“碳达峰”为研究时点,通过IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会)“自下而上”法和社会网络分析法,探究不同通道情境下区际城市群公路物流碳排放及其减排潜力的网络格局,分析渤海通道对其产生的影响。研究表明:①2030年不同通道情境的区际城市群公路物流碳排放网络差异:陆上通道情境下,区际城市群碳交流向经济、交通发达轴带和渤海海峡端点城市集中;陆海通道情境下,区际碳交流向邻近陆上通道的城市集聚;渤海通道改善了区际城市群“渤海海峡端点城市”指向的高耗能局面。②2030年区际城市群公路物流减排潜力网络格局:以大连为减排枢纽,以渤海海峡为中心,强减排城市组对南多北少,并存在零减排城市组对;渤海通道主要通过端点城市向其他城市施以碳减排影响,对距其较远且处在公路物流边缘的部分城市的碳减排影响较为有限。

远东燃料动力综合体产业结构偏离度的空间分析

俄罗斯东向能源政策对远东燃料动力综合体产业投资产生冲击效应,燃料动力综合体为增加向亚太地区国家的燃料动力资源出口实施了一系列投资项目。2012—2019年,远东燃料动力资源的产业结构出现偏离度。相关计算采用产业指数增长率结构分解法(偏离—比重分析法)的传统模型和空间模型。从国家、宏观区域(区域间)、地区等不同空间层面,对远东燃料动力综合体年均就业人数和总增加值增长率进行结构分解,并得出以下结论:在俄罗斯东向能源政策框架下燃料动力综合体采掘业的发展获得强大推动力,其竞争力分量为正值,弥补了导致全俄经济失稳的负面冲击影响;影响燃料动力综合体采掘业经济发展态势的重要因素在于区域间竞争成败,而非空间外部性;区别于煤炭产业,油气产业具备形成空间外部性的潜力;采掘业的发展领先于其他产业,仍是地区经济飞地。原文发表于俄罗斯《空间经济》杂志2022年第4期((1)),经作者同意以中文刊发于《西伯利亚研究》。

Construction of Two-Region Input-output Model——A Case Study of Henan Province

On the basis of input-output table of Henan Province and China in 2007, this paper advances a simple method of constructing two-region input-output model using MRIO model, to research the economic link between the industries of Henan Province and the industries of other regions. I summarize the characteristics of this method based on this as follows: when researching inter-regional economic link, the multi-region or two-region input-output model has prominent superiority, and we can conduct preliminary estimation on the multi-region input-output model using location quotient approach.

The Influences of Energy Price Variation on the Prices of Other Industries: A Study Based on Input-Output Price Model

Energy has laid material foundation for human society during its development. Meanwhile, any change of price in the energy industry may influence social production and people’s life at all levels via an input-output mechanism under which the change related to energy is surely transmitted to other industries. The price change thus incurred in all industries may adversely affect the realization of macroeconomic objective-maintaining prices at a stable level. It is, therefore, needed to conduct an empirical research related to the impact of price change in energy industry on that in other industries. According to the data coming from “China’s 2015 Input-Output Extension Table (42 Departments)” and four hypothetical basis, this article focuses on four energy sectors and analyzes how deeply the price change of them, by use of input-output model, affects that of other industrial products under five conditions where each of their price rises by 10% individually or simultaneously, and why such an influence occurs. The results show that the price rising of the energies in question leads to an upward growth in the prices of other industrial products, especially when their prices go up simultaneously. Besides, the price increase in the four energy sectors doesn’t influence other industries in an accumulation form but actually leads to a rollback in some of other industries. It is recommended to adopt diversified pricing strategies for different energy products, thus maximizing the value of each specific energy, and meanwhile achieving the goals of energy consumption reduction and price equilibrium.

SOME RESULTS ON CONTINUOUS TYPE CONDITIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT EQUATION-FIXED POINT AND SURJECTIVITY METHODS

Based on the classical(matrix type)input-output analysis,a type of nonlinear (continuous type) conditional Leontief model,input-output equation were introduced,as well as three corresponding questions,namely,solvability,continuity and surjectivity,and some fixed point and surjectivity methods in nonlinear analysis were used to deal with these questions. As a result,the main theorems are obtained,which provide some sufficient criterions to solve above questions described by the boundary properties of the enterprises consuming operator.

TECHNIQUES OF CONSTRUCTING REGIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES: ACHIEVEMENTS

The development of any analytical method should have to experience at least four stages: its initial status, growth, mature and declining. However, although the regional input-output analysis has been widely applied for more than forty years, it is still one of the most important approach in regional economic analysis and forecast at present in the world. This is due to the never ended modifications and its great potentials. In this paper, we review the historical development of the regional input-output analysis.

INPUT-OUTPUT MODELS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION IN EVALUATING PROGRESS OF ENTERPRISE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

The method of compiling input-output models of science and technology was studied,and the application of input-output techniques in evaluating the progress of enterprise science and technology was discussed.And the models for determining direct,indirect and full contributions of the progress of enterprise science and technology have been set up which can be used to analyse and evaluate the direct,indirect and full benefits of the progress of enterprise science and technology.

Carbon price impacts on sector cost:based on an input-output model of Beijing

Under the pressure of sustained growth in energy consumption in China,the implementation of a carbon pricing mechanism is an effective economic policy measure for promoting emission reduction,as well as a hotspot of research among scholars and policy makers.In this paper,the effects of carbon prices on Beijing's economy are analyzed using input-output tables.The carbon price costs are levied in accordance with the products'embodied carbon emission.By calculation,given the carbon price rate of 10 RMB/t-CO_2,the total carbon costs of Beijing account for approximately 0.22-0.40%of its gross revenue the same year.Among all industries,construction bears the largest carbon cost Among export sectors,the coal mining and washing industry has much higher export carbon price intensity than other industries.Apart from traditional energy-intensive industries,tertiary industry,which accounts for more than 70%of Beijing's economy,also bears a major carbon cost because of its large economic size.However,from 2007 to 2010,adjustment of the investment structure has reduced the emission intensity in investment sectors,contributing to the reduction of overall emissions and carbon price intensity.

An extended input-output table for environmental and resources accounting

Environmentally Extended Input-Output(EEIO)tables have become a powerful element in supporting information-based environmental and economic policies.National-and provincial-level 10 tables are currently published by the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China according to well-defined conventions.However,county-level 10tables are not provided as a rule by official statistics organizations.This paper conducts an overview of compiling EEIO tables for environmental and resources accounting at the county level and then answers several questions:First,what kind of data should be prepared for the compilation of county-level EEIO tables?Second,how can we set up comprehensive EEIO tables at the county level?Third,regarding the survey methods and the indirect modeling,which one should be chosen to build EEIO tables at the county level?Finally,what policy questions could such a table answer?EEIO tables at the county level can be used to predict the economic impacts of environmental policies and to perform trend and scenario analysis.

Assessing the Impacts of Final Demand on CO₂-eq Emissions in the Mexican Economy: An Input-Output Analysis

The aim of this paper is to analyze the Mexican energy system and its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for the year 2012 and to estimate a baseline scenario for 2026 using an input-output analysis. The elasticity of emissions with respect to national demand is calculated in order to identify the total and distributed effects of CO2 equivalent (CO2-eq) emissions. In this framework, the analysis evaluates the effects in the economy related to changes in individual sector demands, and, vice versa, the effect on individual sectors due to global changes in national demands. Results show that passenger and freight transport, power generation, iron and steel industry, chemical industry, air transportation and agriculture concentrate the largest potential for mitigation strategies, and also have important distributive effects on the Mexican economy. Results are evaluated under the mitigation strategies of industrial sector proposed by the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC.

Research on carbon emissions in China's export trade based on input-output model

Becoming the world's largest emitter of carbon makes China the object of criticism;however,people may ignore the fact that when China exports low-carbon products,the carbon emissions have been left in the meanwhile,forming the so-called"embodied carbon".Using the input-output model,this paper analyzes the carbon emission intensity and amount of embodied carbon of various sectors in China's export trade in 2002 and 2007,and filters out high carbon emission sectors.In addition,this paper also points out the problem of carbon emissions'international transfer from developed countries to China through the analysis of national and regional flow of export carbon emissions and changing of the proportion of emissions for exports relative to total emissions,and explains the reason that caused carbon transfer to China by using the treadmill of production theory.Based on that,this paper proposes some measures for carbon reduction in China from the foreign trade perspective.