Window opening behavior significantly impacts indoor air quality,thermal comfort,and energy consumption.A field measurement was carried out in three typical rooms(a standard office,a meeting room and a smoking office)...Window opening behavior significantly impacts indoor air quality,thermal comfort,and energy consumption.A field measurement was carried out in three typical rooms(a standard office,a meeting room and a smoking office)within an office building.The window state and the physical environment were continuously recorded during the measured periods.Three typical window opening behaviors were found in the measured samples,namely,active,moderate,and passive.The common logistic regression coefficient indicated that solar radiation exhibited the greatest effect on window opening behavior in the smoking office and standard office.Typically,window opening behavior in the meeting room was the most strongly correlated with time of the day,mainly because of the meeting schedule for occupants in the meeting room.This study discussed the dividing principles involved in setting the dummy variable interval level(discretizing continuous variables and dividing them into different intervals),and proposed a method to determine the optimal interval level of each variable.The improved model led to the increase in the prediction accuracy rate of the window being opened by 2.0%and 3.3%according to the comparison with the original model based on dummy variables and the common model based on continuous variables,respectively.This study can provide a reference value for simulating energy consumption in office buildings in the future.展开更多
The aim of the paper is to get an insight into the time interval of electron emission done between two neighbouring energy levels of the hydrogen atom. To this purpose, in the first step, the formulae of the special r...The aim of the paper is to get an insight into the time interval of electron emission done between two neighbouring energy levels of the hydrogen atom. To this purpose, in the first step, the formulae of the special relativity are applied to demonstrate the conditions which can annihilate the electrostatic force acting between the nucleus and electron in the atom. This result is obtained when a suitable electron speed entering the Lorentz transformation is combined with the strength of the magnetic field acting normally to the electron orbit in the atom. In the next step, the Maxwell equation characterizing the electromotive force is applied to calculate the time interval connected with the change of the magnetic field necessary to produce the force. It is shown that the time interval obtained from the Maxwell equation, multiplied by the energy change of two neighbouring energy levels considered in the atom, does satisfy the Joule-Lenz formula associated with the quantum electron energy emission rate between the levels.展开更多
基金The work was supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province of China(2023-JC-YB-473)the Opening Fund of State Key Laboratory of Green Building in Western China(LSKF202314).The authors would like to express their gratitude to MogoEdit(http://en.mogoedit.com/)for the professional linguistic services provided.
文摘Window opening behavior significantly impacts indoor air quality,thermal comfort,and energy consumption.A field measurement was carried out in three typical rooms(a standard office,a meeting room and a smoking office)within an office building.The window state and the physical environment were continuously recorded during the measured periods.Three typical window opening behaviors were found in the measured samples,namely,active,moderate,and passive.The common logistic regression coefficient indicated that solar radiation exhibited the greatest effect on window opening behavior in the smoking office and standard office.Typically,window opening behavior in the meeting room was the most strongly correlated with time of the day,mainly because of the meeting schedule for occupants in the meeting room.This study discussed the dividing principles involved in setting the dummy variable interval level(discretizing continuous variables and dividing them into different intervals),and proposed a method to determine the optimal interval level of each variable.The improved model led to the increase in the prediction accuracy rate of the window being opened by 2.0%and 3.3%according to the comparison with the original model based on dummy variables and the common model based on continuous variables,respectively.This study can provide a reference value for simulating energy consumption in office buildings in the future.
文摘The aim of the paper is to get an insight into the time interval of electron emission done between two neighbouring energy levels of the hydrogen atom. To this purpose, in the first step, the formulae of the special relativity are applied to demonstrate the conditions which can annihilate the electrostatic force acting between the nucleus and electron in the atom. This result is obtained when a suitable electron speed entering the Lorentz transformation is combined with the strength of the magnetic field acting normally to the electron orbit in the atom. In the next step, the Maxwell equation characterizing the electromotive force is applied to calculate the time interval connected with the change of the magnetic field necessary to produce the force. It is shown that the time interval obtained from the Maxwell equation, multiplied by the energy change of two neighbouring energy levels considered in the atom, does satisfy the Joule-Lenz formula associated with the quantum electron energy emission rate between the levels.
