OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of acupuncture therapy compared with sham acupuncture on heart rate variability(HRV) in 24 elite soccer players during 4-week, high-intensity training sessions.METHODS: The subjec...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of acupuncture therapy compared with sham acupuncture on heart rate variability(HRV) in 24 elite soccer players during 4-week, high-intensity training sessions.METHODS: The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: acupuncture group(AG) and sham acupuncture group(SG). In addition, AG had been implemented two times/week to stimulate Zusanli(ST 36), Hegu(LI 4), Shenshu(BL 23), and Chize(LU5). While SG, had been applied to utilize a special "placebo-needle" technique on the same sites.What's more, the HRV parameters were calculated before and after interventions, respectively.RESULTS: First, stress index(SI) had a significantly increased in SG(P = 0.031) compare pre-test with post-test, however, no significantly difference in AG(P = 0.102). Secondly, standard deviation of N-N intervals(SNDD) have enormously significantly high-er in AG when comparing baseline with post therapy(P = 0.001), while, declined in SG(P = 0.827).Meanwhile, the root mean square of successive differences(RMSSD) were significant differences in AG(P = 0.023). What's more, when the high-frequency(HF) were significantly higher in AG(P = 0.047) after receiving the acupuncture therapy, the lowe-frequency(LF) power were decreased but no significant in AG and SG. Comparing with pre-experiment, the ratio of LF/HF was lower in AG, but higher in SG. Furthermore, it was significant difference when compare the post-experiment parameters of AG with SG(P = 0.015). And HF parameters have significance(P = 0.005) compare between two groups during the post-experiment.CONCLUSION: Based on evidence, acupuncture therapy on special acupoints could strengthen the parasympathetic nervous activity and modulates the balance between parasympathetic and sympathetic activity in soccer players while they engage in high-intensity training.展开更多
Daily and annual average atmospheric environmental capacity coefficient(A-value) sequences for China's Mainland are calculated from hourly data recorded at 378 ground stations over 1975–2014. A-values at differen...Daily and annual average atmospheric environmental capacity coefficient(A-value) sequences for China's Mainland are calculated from hourly data recorded at 378 ground stations over 1975–2014. A-values at different recurrence intervals are calculated by fitting the sequences to Pearson type III distribution curves. Based on these A-values and source-sink balance(reference concentration 100 μg m^(-3)), atmospheric environmental capacities at the recurrence intervals are calculated for all of China's Mainland and each provincial administrative region. The climate average atmospheric environmental capacity reference value for the entire mainland is 2.169×10~7 t yr^(-1). An urban atmospheric load index is defined for analyses of the impact of population density on the urban atmospheric environment. Analyses suggest that this index is also useful for differentiating whether air quality changes are attributable to varying meteorological conditions or variations of artificial emission rate.Equations guiding the control of unorganized emission sources are derived for preventing air quality deterioration during urban expansion and population concentration.展开更多
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of acupuncture therapy compared with sham acupuncture on heart rate variability(HRV) in 24 elite soccer players during 4-week, high-intensity training sessions.METHODS: The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: acupuncture group(AG) and sham acupuncture group(SG). In addition, AG had been implemented two times/week to stimulate Zusanli(ST 36), Hegu(LI 4), Shenshu(BL 23), and Chize(LU5). While SG, had been applied to utilize a special "placebo-needle" technique on the same sites.What's more, the HRV parameters were calculated before and after interventions, respectively.RESULTS: First, stress index(SI) had a significantly increased in SG(P = 0.031) compare pre-test with post-test, however, no significantly difference in AG(P = 0.102). Secondly, standard deviation of N-N intervals(SNDD) have enormously significantly high-er in AG when comparing baseline with post therapy(P = 0.001), while, declined in SG(P = 0.827).Meanwhile, the root mean square of successive differences(RMSSD) were significant differences in AG(P = 0.023). What's more, when the high-frequency(HF) were significantly higher in AG(P = 0.047) after receiving the acupuncture therapy, the lowe-frequency(LF) power were decreased but no significant in AG and SG. Comparing with pre-experiment, the ratio of LF/HF was lower in AG, but higher in SG. Furthermore, it was significant difference when compare the post-experiment parameters of AG with SG(P = 0.015). And HF parameters have significance(P = 0.005) compare between two groups during the post-experiment.CONCLUSION: Based on evidence, acupuncture therapy on special acupoints could strengthen the parasympathetic nervous activity and modulates the balance between parasympathetic and sympathetic activity in soccer players while they engage in high-intensity training.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41405136)
文摘Daily and annual average atmospheric environmental capacity coefficient(A-value) sequences for China's Mainland are calculated from hourly data recorded at 378 ground stations over 1975–2014. A-values at different recurrence intervals are calculated by fitting the sequences to Pearson type III distribution curves. Based on these A-values and source-sink balance(reference concentration 100 μg m^(-3)), atmospheric environmental capacities at the recurrence intervals are calculated for all of China's Mainland and each provincial administrative region. The climate average atmospheric environmental capacity reference value for the entire mainland is 2.169×10~7 t yr^(-1). An urban atmospheric load index is defined for analyses of the impact of population density on the urban atmospheric environment. Analyses suggest that this index is also useful for differentiating whether air quality changes are attributable to varying meteorological conditions or variations of artificial emission rate.Equations guiding the control of unorganized emission sources are derived for preventing air quality deterioration during urban expansion and population concentration.
