目的创新慢性阻塞性肺疾病(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases,COPD)临床教学,在传统教学法(Lecture-based Learning,LBL)基础上使用基于图尔敏模型的案例教学法(Case Study Based Learning,CBL),分析CBL+LBL联合教学法的教学效...目的创新慢性阻塞性肺疾病(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases,COPD)临床教学,在传统教学法(Lecture-based Learning,LBL)基础上使用基于图尔敏模型的案例教学法(Case Study Based Learning,CBL),分析CBL+LBL联合教学法的教学效果。方法选取2022年10月—2023年1月山东大学齐鲁医院德州医院呼吸内科COPD的50名实习医师作为研究对象,采用抛硬币法将其分为传统教学组(n=25)和联合教学组(n=25)。传统教学组采用LBL法,联合教学组在传统教学组的教学基础上采用基于图尔敏模型的CBL教学方法,对比两组理论成绩与综合技能考核评分、教学满意度评分、推理反思能力评分。结果联合教学组理论成绩(91.02±2.00)分、综合技能考核评分(93.23±1.50)分,高于传统教学组的(80.25±1.50)分、(81.20±1.00)分,差异有统计学意义(t=23.595、36.544,P均<0.05)。联合教学组教学满意度评分显著高于传统教学组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。教学前,两组医师推理反思能力评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。教学后,联合教学组推理反思能力评分显著高于传统教学组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论COPD临床教学理论多,对实习医师的学习能力要求较高。CBL+LBL联合教学法能够提高COPD教学效果,有助于培养实习医师推理反思能力,实习医师教学满意度较高。展开更多
Background The prevalence of chronic kidney disease （CKD） and prediabetes has increased in China, and at different rates in different locations. Therefore a community-based screening research was conducted in order ...Background The prevalence of chronic kidney disease （CKD） and prediabetes has increased in China, and at different rates in different locations. Therefore a community-based screening research was conducted in order to determine the prevalence of CKD and prediabetes, and to analyze associated risk factors of CKD and prediabetes in a city of Southern China.Methods A total of 7801 community residents aged 18 year and older from 6 communities were screened by a stratified random cluster sampling method. An estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR）, albuminuria, fasting plasma glucose （FPG）, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance （HOMA-IR） were measured. Age-standardized prevalence was calculated by the direct method with the use of data on the population distribution in China in 2006. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of CKD and ＂prediabetes, and association of insulin resistance （IR） with CKD and prediabetes was analyzed.Results The age-standardized prevalence of CKD was 12.5%, eGFR 〈60 ml.min^-1.1.73 m2 was 2.7% and ACR （albumin to creatinine ratio） 〉30 mg/g was 10.3%. The age-standardized prevalence of prediabetes was 12.1%. Logistic regression suggests that IR was a common independent risk factor of CKD and prediabetes. Further analysis show that HOMA-IR was increased with the aggravation of kidney injury and FPG. Conclusion CKD and prediabetes have become a major public health problem in Zhuhai, Southern China; insulin resistance may be an important risk factor.展开更多
文摘目的创新慢性阻塞性肺疾病(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases,COPD)临床教学,在传统教学法(Lecture-based Learning,LBL)基础上使用基于图尔敏模型的案例教学法(Case Study Based Learning,CBL),分析CBL+LBL联合教学法的教学效果。方法选取2022年10月—2023年1月山东大学齐鲁医院德州医院呼吸内科COPD的50名实习医师作为研究对象,采用抛硬币法将其分为传统教学组(n=25)和联合教学组(n=25)。传统教学组采用LBL法,联合教学组在传统教学组的教学基础上采用基于图尔敏模型的CBL教学方法,对比两组理论成绩与综合技能考核评分、教学满意度评分、推理反思能力评分。结果联合教学组理论成绩(91.02±2.00)分、综合技能考核评分(93.23±1.50)分,高于传统教学组的(80.25±1.50)分、(81.20±1.00)分,差异有统计学意义(t=23.595、36.544,P均<0.05)。联合教学组教学满意度评分显著高于传统教学组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。教学前,两组医师推理反思能力评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。教学后,联合教学组推理反思能力评分显著高于传统教学组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论COPD临床教学理论多,对实习医师的学习能力要求较高。CBL+LBL联合教学法能够提高COPD教学效果,有助于培养实习医师推理反思能力,实习医师教学满意度较高。
文摘Background The prevalence of chronic kidney disease （CKD） and prediabetes has increased in China, and at different rates in different locations. Therefore a community-based screening research was conducted in order to determine the prevalence of CKD and prediabetes, and to analyze associated risk factors of CKD and prediabetes in a city of Southern China.Methods A total of 7801 community residents aged 18 year and older from 6 communities were screened by a stratified random cluster sampling method. An estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR）, albuminuria, fasting plasma glucose （FPG）, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance （HOMA-IR） were measured. Age-standardized prevalence was calculated by the direct method with the use of data on the population distribution in China in 2006. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of CKD and ＂prediabetes, and association of insulin resistance （IR） with CKD and prediabetes was analyzed.Results The age-standardized prevalence of CKD was 12.5%, eGFR 〈60 ml.min^-1.1.73 m2 was 2.7% and ACR （albumin to creatinine ratio） 〉30 mg/g was 10.3%. The age-standardized prevalence of prediabetes was 12.1%. Logistic regression suggests that IR was a common independent risk factor of CKD and prediabetes. Further analysis show that HOMA-IR was increased with the aggravation of kidney injury and FPG. Conclusion CKD and prediabetes have become a major public health problem in Zhuhai, Southern China; insulin resistance may be an important risk factor.
