Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and its relationship with socio-demographics and hygienic habits among male primary schoolchildren in Al-Ahsa,Saudi Arabia

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of different intestinal parasitic infections among male primary schoolchildren in Al-Ahsa,Saudi Arabia,and to explore the possible relative socioeconomic, environmental and behavioural sanitary correlates.Methods:A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed.A total of 1 289 male students aged from 7 to 12 years were selected randomly from 20 urban and 12 rural primary schools by multistage sampling method. Data collection was carried out by self administered questionnaire form to the parents/guardians of students and included inquires about socio-demographics,environmental conditions,and behavioural sanitary habits.Stool analysis was carried out to examine the presence of intestinal parasitic infections.Results:Overall prevalence of parasitic infections was 27.2%,more among rural students.Frequently encountered infections included Entamoeba histolytica/dispar(8.2%), Giardia lamblia(6.5%),Entamoeba coli(4.0%) and Enterobius vermicularis(1.6%).Logistic regression revealed that lower maternal educational level and occupational status,low family income,big family size,poor personal hygienic practices and positive history of previous intestinal infections among family members increased the likelihood of infections.Conclusions: Although of low magnitude,intestinal parasitic infections still represent a public health concern among male schoolchildren in Al-Ahsa region.Socio-demographic and poor personal hygienic habits are the main predictors for these infections.

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in Sickle Cell Disease Patients Attending Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Several studies have shown that sickle cell disease (SCD) is made worse by infections;it was necessary to carry out this study to ascertain the occurrence of intestinal parasitic infections to the number of SCD patients infected compared to Non-SCD patients, the impact of the infections on Pack cell volume (PCV) of the SCD patients in Nigeria populace. A total of 140 stool samples were collected from both SCD patients and Non-SCD patients. 3 ml of venous blood, seventy samples in total were collected from the SCD patients only. The blood and stool samples were collected from September 2005 to November 2005;structured questionnaire was administered to each of the patient that gave consent to be part of the study alongside with questionnaire interview. The stool samples were analysed macroscopically and microscopically using saline, iodine and formal-ether concentration technique. The blood samples were analysed by micro-heamatocrit method. The findings showed that a total of six parasites were identified among the SCD patients and a total of thirteen parasites were identified among Non-SCD patients. Although the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was low among the research participates, the identified parasites fell into the 4 major categories of intestinal parasites, an indication that SCD patients can be susceptible to any of the intestinal worms/protozoa. Despite a low prevalence of intestinal parasites among the studied individual at the time of this study, it is however, necessary for regular laboratory investigations for intestinal worm/protozoa since they are still a public health problem.

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infection among Pre-School and School-Aged Children Attending to Fann University Hospital, Dakar: Results from Retrospective Analysis

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections represent a major public health problem worldwide. Pre-school and school children have a high risk of infection. The study aimed to determine the epidemiological aspects of intestinal parasitic infections in preschool and school-aged children in Dakar, Senegal. Methods: A retrospective analysis of laboratory records from preschool and school-aged children referred to the Laboratory of Parasitology at the Fann University Hospital in Dakar, Senegal, was carried out. The analysis of the period from 2016 to 2020. Stool samples were examined for the presence of parasites using direct, formal-ether concentration method and the Modified Ziehl Neelsen staining technique. Descriptive and analytic analysis was performed with Stata MP 16.1 software. Results: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was 26.8% (429/1603). Blastocystis sp. (34%), Entamaeba coli (28%), Giardia intestinalis (9.6%), Endolimax nana (4.9%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (3.5%) were the common parasites found. Out of the 429 children positive for intestinal parasites, protozoa parasites represent 93.9%. Single infection and mixed infection represent 83.7% and 16.3%. The most prevalent associations were E. coli + Blastocystis sp. (6.3%), E. coli + E. nana (3.3%), and G. intestinalis + Blastocystis sp. (1.9%). Children between the ages of 5 - 10 years and those over 10 years had the most parasitic infections with 28.1% [aOR = 1.91;95% CI (1.25 - 2.89)] and 27.4% [aOR = 11.92 (1.07 - 3.07)]. According to the year of sample collection, the prevalence was higher in 2017, 32.6% [aOR = 1.49 (1.11 - 2.01]. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was not significantly related to gender (p = 0.87), season (p = 0.85) and symptomatology (p = 0.19). The main clinical symptoms were dysenteric syndrome, dyspeptic disorders, constipation and abdominal pain. Intestinal parasite carriage in patients with acute diarrhea was 20.4%. In HIV positive with chronic diarrhea, the prevalence was 28.6%. Conclusion: The results showed the frequency of intestinal parasites in preschool and school-aged children with a high proportion of protozoa parasites. Children aged over 5 years were more affected. Preventive measures such as health education, improved socio-economic conditions and environmental sanitation are required for reducing their frequency.

Intestinal acariasis in Anhui Province

The mites found in stored food and house comprise a large group of subclass Acari, belonging to the suborder Acardida of the order Acarifornes. They can be found in dust and vacuum samples from floors, furniture, mattresses, Chinese herbal medicine, dry fruit, grain, flour, sugar, and bedding. These mites are nidicolous and feed on organic debris, including sloughed human skin, fungi, spilled food, pollen, etc. These mites are particularly prevalent in Chinese herbal medicine, dry fruit, grain, flour, sugar, beds, though carpeted floors near beds or couches may also have large numbers. The most common species are Acarus siro, Tyrophagus putrescentiae , Dermatophagoides farinae , D . pteronyssinus, Glycyphagus domesticus, G. Ornatus, Carpoglyphus lactis and Tarsonemus granarius, etc. The viability of mites in storage is quite strong and they can invade and parasitize the intestines of humans[1 -15]. They can cause pulmonary acariasis[16-25] , urinary acariasis[26-33] and so on. The dejecta of mites is a quite strong allergen and can cause different allergic diseases[34-44]. Intestinal acariasis can be caused by some mites related to the way of diet intake and invading against intestinal mucosa, intestinal muscle[45-5a]. The first report of intestinal acariasis caused by these mites was made by Hinman et al (1934)[45]. From then on, all kinds of studies on the disease have been reported gradually. In order to make an epidemiological survey of intestinal acariasis the investigation of the disease was taken in some areas of Anhui Province from 1989 to 1996.

Snail-borne parasitic diseases:an update on global epidemiological distribution,transmission interruption and control methods

Background:Snail-borne parasitic diseases,such as angiostrongyliasis,clonorchiasis,fascioliasis,fasciolopsiasis,opisthorchiasis,paragonimiasis and schistosomiasis,pose risks to human health and cause major socioeconomic problems in many tropical and sub-tropical countries.In this review we summarize the core roles of snails in the life cycles of the parasites they host,their clinical manifestations and disease distributions,as well as snail control methods.Main body:Snails have four roles in the life cycles of the parasites they host:as an intermediate host infected by the first-stage larvae,as the only intermediate host infected by miracidia,as the first intermediate host that ingests the parasite eggs are ingested,and as the first intermediate host penetrated by miracidia with or without the second intermediate host being an aquatic animal.Snail-borne parasitic diseases target many organs,such as the lungs,liver,biliary tract,intestines,brain and kidneys,leading to overactive immune responses,cancers,organ failure,infertility and even death.Developing countries in Africa,Asia and Latin America have the highest incidences of these diseases,while some endemic parasites have developed into worldwide epidemics through the global spread of snails.Physical,chemical and biological methods have been introduced to control the host snail populations to prevent disease.Conclusions:In this review,we summarize the roles of snails in the life cycles of the parasites they host,the worldwide distribution of parasite-transmitting snails,the epidemiology and pathogenesis of snail-transmitted parasitic diseases,and the existing snail control measures,which will contribute to further understanding the snail-parasite relationship and new strategies for controlling snail-borne parasitic diseases.

寻甸县肉牛寄生虫病筛查及流行病学调查

为履行好寻甸县肉牛科技特派团职责,助推寻甸县“一县一业”肉牛产业示范县创建,打造世界一流“绿色食品牌”,推动高原特色农业高质量发展。2021-2022年云南省寻甸县肉牛科技特派团成员对寻甸县16个乡镇,29个肉牛养殖场(户),1个肉牛交易市场,1个屠宰场共采集654份粪便样品和899份全血样品进行了肉牛寄生虫的筛查。结果显示:29个养殖场的899份全血样品中检出巴贝斯虫阳性12份,阳性率为1.33%,阳性场5个,场阳性率17.24%;31个检测场点筛查654份粪便,共筛查出检出了线虫、吸虫、球虫、绦虫、螨虫5类寄生虫虫卵及卵囊,寄生虫总感染数176份,平均感染率为26.91%,其中球虫55份,感染率最高,为8.43%;吸虫47份,感染率为7.68%;牛带绦虫30份,感染率为4.60%;线虫32份,感染率为4.91%,疥螨12份,感染率为1.83%,混合感染的病例44份,占总感染病例的0.25%。阳性场27个,场总体阳性率为87.10%,其中吸虫场阳性率为58.06%;球虫场阳性率51.61%;线虫场阳性率48.38%;绦虫场阳性率38.71%,疥螨场阳性率25.80%。市场环节寄生虫感染率最高,为38.33%(23/60),养殖环节次之,为26.31%(151/574),屠宰环节最少,为10%(2/20)。部分乡镇感染率高;放牧牛群和犊牛感染率较高。本调查结果为寻甸县肉牛寄生虫防控提供了科学的参考依据,指导养殖户规范管理,制定科学的驱虫程序,强化环境消毒等防控措施,切实提高养殖效益和肉牛产品品质,为寻甸肉牛“绿色食品牌”打造贡献兽医力量。

2017—2022年北京西城区常见肠道传染病流行病学特征分析

目的:调查2017—2022年北京西城区常见肠道传染病流行情况与特征,为防控策略的制定提供参考。方法:从中国疾病预防控制信息系统中传染病报告信息管理系统收集2017—2022年北京市西城区常见肠道传染病数据,分析北京市常见肠道流行病学特征。结果:2017—2022年北京西城区常见肠道传染病共11229例,发病率前3位的病种依次为其他感染性腹泻(7455例,占66.39%)、手足口病(2186例,占19.47%)、细菌性痢疾(1492例,占13.29%)。北京西城区常见肠道传染病每年发病趋势基本一致,呈现季节性,发病高峰在5—10月。2017—2022年北京西城区常见肠道传染病发病人群排在前3位的分别是离退人员、干部职员和散居儿童。2017—2022年西城区常见肠道传染病患者集中于广安门外街道、展览路街道、月坛街道。结论:2017—2022年北京西城区常见肠道传染病包括其他感染性腹泻、手足口病、细菌性痢疾,发病趋势呈现季节性,好发于夏秋季,应加强重点人群(离退人员、干部职员和散居儿童等)的肠道传染病健康教育及好发区域的监测工作。

当前我国人体寄生虫病流行的趋势和特点

根据作者等所进行的人体寄生虫分布调查的结果，对照过去有关的调查资料，大致可见著于寄生虫感染率呈明显地下降或上升两种趋势：一是，如溶组织内阿米巴、姜片虫、蛔虫、鞭虫和钩虫等肠道寄生虫感染率明显下降；二是，如旋毛虫、囊虫、华支睾吸虫、并殖吸虫和棘球蚴病，则以明显上升为特征，并就造成这两种趋势的相关社会经济因素进行讨论。

山东省人体肠道寄生虫感染现状及特点

目的掌握山东省人体重要寄生虫病流行现状。方法卫生部统一抽取本省10个县,30个调查点15000人,按照《全国人体重要寄生虫病现状调查》实施细则规定方法和要求进行调查。结果共调查15152人,寄生虫感染2767人,感染率18.26%。检出肠道寄生虫12种,其中蛔虫、鞭虫、蛲虫感染率分别为6.37%、9.89%和16.06%;原虫以蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫感染最高为1.42%。结论本次调查显示,人群总感染率、感染度、多虫种感染及虫种数量,均比10年前第一次调查有大幅度下降,有必要调整、制定新时期寄生虫病防治方案与规划。

浙江省肠道寄生虫感染现状调查

目的了解浙江省肠道寄生虫病流行现状与态势,评估防治效果,为制定防治计划提供依据。方法按照《全国人体重要寄生虫病现状调查实施细则》规定的方法和要求进行。结果共查出10种寄生虫,人群寄生虫总感染率7.48%,12岁以下儿童蛲虫感染率为6.89%;浙西丘陵区感染率明显高于其他地区,以钩虫、蛔虫感染为主,东部滨海岛屿区以鞭虫感染和儿童蛲虫感染为主。低年龄组和中老年农民是感染寄生虫的高危人群。结论与第一次寄生虫分布调查相比,人群肠道寄生虫总感染率和各虫种感染率均大幅度下降,但土源性线虫病目前仍是浙江省流行的主要寄生虫病。

杭州市2003年急性肠道传染病暴发疫情分析

目的 分析杭州市 2 0 0 3年急性肠道传染病暴发疫情流行病学特征 ,提出预防措施 ,有效控制暴发疫情的发生。方法 将该市 2 0 0 3年间发生的 11起急性肠道传染病资料进行综合分析。结果 (1)水源或食物受污染是引起肠道传染病暴发疫情的主要因素。 (2 )肠道传染病暴发病种以细菌性痢疾多见。 (3)学校内暴发疫情较多 ,罹患对象为学生。结论 加快农村改水工作 ,加强校内饮食卫生管理是有效控制疫情发生的主要措施。

河南省肠道寄生虫感染及其社会经济因素调查

目的调查河南省肠道寄生虫感染情况及其社会经济因素,为河南省肠道寄生虫病防治提供依据。方法根据《全国重要人体寄生虫病现状调查实施细则》要求进行分层整群随机抽样,按照经济水平上、中、下等分为A、B、C三类地区。采用粪检法检测居民肠道寄生虫感染情况、问卷调查居民的社会经济状况并进行统计分析。结果共调查10个县、市、区的30个点共15 241人,检出17种肠道寄生虫,肠道寄生虫总感染率为9 .63 %(1 468/15 241) ,其中蠕虫感染率为7 .70 %(1 173/15 241) ,原虫感染率为2 .15 %(327/15 241)。蠕虫中土源性线虫感染率为6 .84 %(1 042/15 241) ,包括钩虫3 .12 %、蛔虫3 .06 %、鞭虫0 .98 %。原虫中感染率最高的蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫为2 .04 %(311/15 241) ,显著低于1992年的第一次调查结果。A、B、C三类地区调查点的居民肠道寄生虫感染率分别为8 .77 %(670/7 639)、8 .45 %(384/4 544)和13 .54 %(414/3 058) ,统计学差异显著(χ2=18 .388 ,P=0 .000) ,其中蛔虫感染率与经济条件成负相关(rs=-0 .136 ,P=0 .000)。学生和农民为肠道寄生虫的主要感染人群,其中14岁以下儿童和小学以下文化程度者感染率最高,分别为11 .86 %和10 .32 %。结论河南省肠道寄生虫感染率较1992年第一次调查时有显著的下降,社会经济因素与肠道寄生虫感染有密切的关系。

大连农村地区人体肠道寄生虫感染抽样调查

按照《全国人体重要寄生虫病现状调查实施细则》规定的方法和要求,对415人进行了流行病学现场问卷式填表调查和304份粪便检查。检出蛔虫为单一虫种,感染率为5.92%。蛔虫感染率性别间差异无显著性,年龄组间差异无显著性,但以75岁以上年龄组为最高,农民、家庭妇女为主要感染对象。

河南省人群肠道寄生虫感染分析

目的 了解河南省人群肠道寄生虫感染的流行态势,制定现阶段寄生虫病防治策略。 方法 按照《全国人体重要寄生虫病现状调查》实施细则规定方法和要求,选择安阳市郊区和郸城县6个调查点。 结果 1990年调查安阳市郊人群肠道寄生虫感染率36.23％,发现12种肠道寄生虫,多虫感染者142例,蛔虫感染者平均EPG 1794.69;2002年调查人群感染率为4.11％,未发现多虫感染者,EPG为548.88;1990年郸城县人群感染率77.87％,2002年降为27.26%,人群查出的肠道寄生虫也由12种减为10种,多虫感染者由816例降为53例,人群蛔虫EPG由2 515.49降为1 124.90。 结论 河南省人群寄生虫感染率或度呈总体下降趋势,这与经济的发展、人群文化教育水平的提升、卫生意识的培养、环境条件的改善及防治措施的实施密不可分,但不同地区下降幅度不同,低年龄组仍是受寄生虫感染的高危人群。

江西省结膜吸吮线虫病流行因素的调查研究

目的 了解江西省景德镇地区结膜吸吮线虫 (Tc)病流行因素。方法 以生理盐水冲洗法检查犬眼感染Tc的情况。同时用发酵碎水果诱捕法 ,进行冈田绕眼果蝇 (Ao)调查 ,并行实验室饲养、繁殖。将其果蝇经断水、禁食后 ,用Tc初产蚴进行喂饲感染果蝇 ,观察其易感性。结果 检查家犬12只 ,全部为阴性。捕获Ao 2 2 3只 ,解剖镜检全部阴性。实验室繁殖的第 2代Ao于感染后 ,在 319只Ao中 ,查出阳性5 8只 (18 18% ) ;取Ao口器内的感染期幼虫 5 2条 ,接种实验犬双眼 ,从中检得成虫 2 4条 ,占接种蚴虫数的 4 6 15 %。结论 江西省景德镇地区不是Tc病流行区 ,但存在其传播媒介Ao ,且对Tc明显易感。

云南省人体寄生虫分布调查

应用分层整群随机抽样方法,于1987～1990年进行了云南省人体寄生虫分布调查。共查28个县103个点,53061人,寄生虫感染率为76.3%。查到肠道寄生虫25种,包括线虫9种,绦虫5种,吸虫1种和原虫10种。感染1、2、3、4、5种寄生虫者分别占总感染人数的47.0%、33.7%、14.4%、3.7%和0.8%。主要致病虫种的感染率为:钩虫19.3%、蛔虫59.6%、鞭虫27.6%、蛲虫12.9%(儿童)、旋毛虫13.5%(血清免疫学试验阳性458/3392)、带绦虫0.93%、猪囊虫3.26%(106/3252,血清学阳性)、溶组织内阿米巴2.54%、蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫2.49%、芽囊原虫(人体酵母菌)6.98%。总感染率和钩虫、蛔虫、鞭虫的感染率在不同地区和不同性别、年龄、职业和民族之间均有显著性差异。

陇川县与洱源县少数民族肠道寄生虫感染调查

调查云南省陇川县和洱源县少数民族居民181人,寄生虫感染80人,感染率44.20%。其中肉孢子虫感染率为28.72%、钩虫感染率16.02%、蛔虫感染率2.76%、鞭虫感染率2.21%、绦虫感染率0.55%、毛圆线虫感染率2.21%。不同年龄、不同民族居民的感染率差异有显著性。

乙状结肠自发性穿孔的诊治探讨

目的分析乙状结肠自发性穿孔的病因、临床表现及处理原则。方法回顾性分析32例乙状结肠自发性穿孔患者的临床资料。结果本病以老年患者多见,常伴有便秘、糖尿病、高血压等疾病。本组均根据手术及病理报告而明确诊断,术前误诊率达96.9%。本组死亡15例,死亡率为46.9%。结论乙状结肠自发性穿孔的误诊率高,及时而合理的手术治疗是降低乙状结肠自发性穿孔死亡率的关键。

淮南地区人芽囊原虫感染的流行病学调查

目的 探讨淮南境内居民是否存在人芽囊原虫感染 .方法 用一次性粪盒收集受检者 (幼儿园幼儿、在校小学生、中学生和腹泻患者 )当日新鲜大便 ,用生理盐水直接涂片镜检初筛后 ,将疑似阳性的标本制片 ,分别采用碘液染色法和苏木素染色法染色 ,高倍镜下观察形态并测量大小 .用 BSA系统检测患者细胞免疫功能 .结果 共检查幼儿园幼儿、在校小学生、中学生各 1 0 0份和腹泻患者粪便 40 3份 ,人芽囊原虫检出率分别为 1 .0 % (1 / 1 0 0 ) ,1 .0 % (1 / 1 0 0 ) ,0 (0 / 1 0 0 )和5.96% (2 4 / 4 0 3) .腹泻患者人芽囊原虫检出率与正常对照相比差异显著 (P<0 .0 1 ) .其中轻度、中度、重度及顽固性腹泻患者人芽囊原虫检出率分别为 6.0 3% (1 4 / 2 32 ) ,2 .2 5% (2 /89 ) ,0 (0 / 1 7)和 1 2 .31 % (8/ 65) .男女腹泻患者人芽囊原虫阳检率分别为 7.52 % (1 7/ 2 2 6)和 3.95% (7/ 1 77) ;城乡腹泻患者人芽囊原虫阳检率分别为 4.56% (1 1 / 2 4 1 )和 8.0 2 %(1 3/ 1 62 ) ,两者相比差异均无显著性 (P>0 .0 5) .人芽囊原虫阳性者 CD3+,CD4+,CD8+阳性百分数及 CD4+/ CD8+分别为 0 .64± 0 .0 6,0 .44± 0 .0 6,0 .2 8± 0 .0 4及 1 .53± 0 .34,人芽囊原虫阴性分别为 0 .60± 0 .0 5,0 .40± 0 .0 5,0 .30±

云南省肠道寄生虫病流行现状分析

目的了解云南省现阶段肠道寄生虫病的流行和危害程度。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取13个县39个调查点,使用统一表格对居民个人卫生习惯等情况进行问卷调查,并检查肠道寄生虫感染情况;计算机录入资料,建立数据库,用Epi Info 2000软件作统计分析。结果共调查20 638名居民,查出7种肠道寄生虫感染,总感染率为24.33%。其中蛔、鞭、钩、蛲虫感染率分别为15.24%、4.57%、4.25%和2.56%;不同民族、年龄、职业人群各虫种感染率差异有显著性。结论随着云南省经济发展,人群肠道寄生虫病流行程度显著下降,但仍需进一步加强公共卫生设施投入,对不同人群、不同虫种采取相应的预防控制措施。