Intestinal Microecology in Children with Pneumonia: The Relationship Between Digestive Health and Disease Recovery

This paper explores the association between intestinal microecology and digestive health and disease recovery in children with pneumonia.Intestinal microecological imbalance is common in children with pneumonia,which is closely associated with digestive health and disease recovery.Intestinal microecological imbalance may affect digestive enzyme activity,intestinal mucosal barrier function,and nutrient absorption,which in turn affects digestive health.In addition,intestinal microecological imbalances may be associated with immune regulation,inflammatory responses,and pathogen suppression,affecting disease recovery.Strategies to regulate intestinal microecology include probiotic supplementation,dietary modification,and pharmacological treatment.Currently,the study of intestinal microecology in children with pneumonia faces challenges,and there is a need for improved research methods,individualized treatment strategies,and the development of novel probiotics.In conclusion,the intestinal microecology of children with pneumonia is closely related to digestive health and disease recovery,and the regulation of intestinal microecology is of great significance to the treatment of children with pneumonia.Furthermore,future research should further explore the application of the microecology of the intestinal microecology in the treatment of children with pneumonia.

Rifaximin in the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A New Idea Based on the Relationship between Intestinal Microecology and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Rifaximin in the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a common clinical disorder, the most common symptom of which is a burning sensation behind the breastbone (heartburn) or reflux of stomach contents into the upper pharynx (acid reflux). The prevalence in China is increasing year by year, which can affect the quality of life of patients and also increase the economic burden on families and society. The pathogenesis of GERD is still unclear, and some studies suggest that intestinal microecology may be closely related to the development of GERD. Rifaximin is not readily absorbed orally and acts locally in the intestine, so it has mild adverse effects and good safety, and can be used to treat gastrointestinal diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome, traveler’s diarrhea, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, diverticulosis, inflammatory bowel disease and hepatic encephalopathy. Therefore, this paper focuses on intestinal microecology as a possible pathogenesis of GERD and further explores the feasibility of rifaximin for the treatment of GERD.

Exploring choices of early nutritional support for patients with sepsis based on changes in intestinal microecology

BACKGROUND Sepsis exacerbates intestinal microecological disorders leading to poor prognosis.Proper modalities of nutritional support can improve nutrition,immunity,and intestinal microecology.AIM To identify the optimal modality of early nutritional support for patients with sepsis from the perspective of intestinal microecology.METHODS Thirty patients with sepsis admitted to the intensive care unit of the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University,China,between 2019 and 2021 with indications for nutritional support,were randomly assigned to one of three different modalities of nutritional support for a total of 5 d:Total enteral nutrition(TEN group),total parenteral nutrition(TPN group),and supplemental parenteral nutrition(SPN group).Blood and stool specimens were collected before and after nutritional support,and changes in gut microbiota,short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),and immune and nutritional indicators were detected and compared among the three groups.RESULTS In comparison with before nutritional support,the three groups after nutritional support presented:(1)Differences in the gut bacteria(Enterococcus increased in the TEN group,Campylobacter decreased in the TPN group,and Dialister decreased in the SPN group;all P<0.05);(2)different trends in SCFAs(the TEN group showed improvement except for Caproic acid,the TPN group showed improvement only for acetic and propionic acid,and the SPN group showed a decreasing trend);(3)significant improvement of the nutritional and immunological indicators in the TEN and SPN groups,while only immunoglobulin G improved in the TPN group(all P<0.05);and(4)a significant correlation was found between the gut bacteria,SCFAs,and nutritional and immunological indicators(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION TEN is recommended as the preferred mode of early nutritional support in sepsis based on clinical nutritional and immunological indicators,as well as changes in intestinal microecology.

Research progress on the relationship between Paneth cellssusceptibility genes,intestinal microecology and inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a disorder of the immune system and intestinal microecosystem caused by environmental factors in genetically susceptible people.Paneth cells(PCs)play a central role in IBD pathogenesis,especially in Crohn's disease development,and their morphology,number and function are regulated by susceptibility genes.In the intestine,PCs participate in the formation of the stem cell microenvironment by secreting antibacterial particles and play a role in helping maintain the intestinal microecology and intestinal mucosal homeostasis.Moreover,PC proliferation and maturation depend on symbiotic flora in the intestine.This paper describes the interactions among susceptibility genes,PCs and intestinal microecology and their effects on IBD occurrence and development.

Intestinal microecological transplantation for a patient with chronic radiation enteritis:A case report

BACKGROUND The gut microbiota is strongly associated with radiation-induced gut damage.This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of intestinal microecological transplantation for treating patients with chronic radiation enteritis.CASE SUMMARY A 64-year-old female with cervical cancer developed abdominal pain,diarrhea,and blood in the stool 1 year after radiotherapy.An electronic colonoscopy was performed to diagnose chronic radiation enteritis.Two courses of intestinal microecological transplantation and full-length 16S rRNA microbiological analysis were performed.The patient experienced short-and long-term relief from symptoms without adverse effects.Whole 16S rRNA sequencing revealed significant differences in the intestinal flora’s composition between patient and healthy donors.Pathogenic bacteria,such as Escherichia fergusonii and Romboutsia timonensis,were more in the patient.Beneficial bacteria such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans,Ruminococcus bromii,and Bifidobacterium longum were more in the healthy donors.Intestinal microbiota transplantation resulted in a significant change in the patient's intestinal flora composition.The composition converged with the donor's flora,with an increase in core beneficial intestinal bacteria,such as Eubacterium rectale,and a decrease in pathogenic bacteria.Changes in the intestinal flora corresponded with the patients'alleviating clinical symptoms.CONCLUSION Intestinal microecological transplantation is an effective treatment for relieving the clinical symptoms of chronic radiation enteritis by altering the composition of the intestinal flora.This study provides a new approach for treating patients with chronic radiation enteritis.

Thinking on the Treatment of Lung Cancer by Regulating Lung-Intestinal Axis Microecology by Traditional Chinese Medicine

The intestinal microecological disorder is closely related to the occurrence and development of lung cancer and the treatment response.This paper starts with the relationship between the lungintestinal axis,to discuss the possibility of TCM regulating the target of intestinal microecological treatment of lung cancer,so as to provide new research ideas for TCM treatment of lung cancer.

Effects of Lactobacillus Microecologics on Production Performance, Immune Function and Intestinal Microflora of Egg Chicks

[Objective]The paper was to study the effects of lactobacillus microecologics on production performance,immune function and intestinal microflora of egg chicks.[Method]Totally 18001-day-old chicks of Hyline brown were randomly divided into three groups,four repeats each group and 150 chicks each repeat.The chicks in control group were supplied with basic diet,and those in experimental groups I and II were supplied with the basic diet added with 100 and 150 g/t microecologics,respectively.[Result]Compared with the control group,the daily gain of egg chicks in experimental group II after 7 weeks was increased by 3.67%(P<0.05),and the feed conversion ratio was significantly reduced by 0.05(P<0.05);the thymus indexes in experimental groups I and II were significantly improved by 4.95%and 5.94%(P<0.05),and the spleen indexes were significantly improved by 3.32% and 4.36% compared with the control group(P<0.05).The index of bursa of fabricius in experimental group II was extremely improved by 9.66%compared with the control group(P<0.01).Meantime,experimental group II extremely improved the number of living lactobacillus in caecum of egg chicks(P<0.01),and extremely reduced the number of Escherichia coli in caecum(P<0.01).[Conclusion]Lactobacillus microecologics are beneficial to the improvement of production performance,immune function and intestinal flora of egg chicks.The optimal addition amount in the feed of chicks is 150 g/t.

炎症性肠病的肠道微生态变化及对策

炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)是1种慢性疾病,其特征是反复发作的肠道炎症,尽管具体原因尚未完全明确,但普遍认为它是由遗传、免疫系统异常、环境因素和肠道微生物群失衡等多重因素共同作用引起的。这些因素的相互作用可能会导致肠道环境稳态受损,进而影响宿主的免疫,最终触发肠道炎症。综述IBD患者肠道微生物群的变化情况,并探讨相应的治疗对策。

中药添加剂对热应激生长兔生长性能、屠宰性能、肠道微生态和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加中药添加剂对热应激生长兔生长性能、屠宰性能、肠道微生态和血清生化指标的影响。选取48只健康、体重相近的2月龄新西兰白兔,随机分成2组,每组24只(公母各占1/2),单笼饲养。在夏季热应激状态下,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,中药组在基础饲粮中添加1%中药添加剂。预试期7 d,正试期42 d。结果表明:1)对照组和中药组之间末重、平均日增重和料重比差异不显著(P>0.05)。中药组的成活率较对照组有所增加(83.3%vs.70.8%,P>0.05)。2)中药组的半净膛重和半净膛率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)中药组的盲肠内容物干物质含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),盲肠内容物乙酸和丙酸含量有低于对照组的趋势(P=0.092)。4)对照组和中药组之间盲肠内容物细菌总数和alpha多样性差异不显著(P>0.05)。中药组的盲肠内容物栖粪杆菌属、普氏栖粪杆菌相对丰度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),盲肠内容物阿克曼菌属和大肠杆菌相对丰度有高于对照组的趋势(P=0.080、P=0.088)。5)中药组的粪便球虫圆小囊数有低于对照组的趋势(P=0.082)。6)对照组和中药组之间血清生化指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加中药添加剂可调控热应激生长兔肠道微生态,提高屠宰性能和肠道健康。

宣肺降浊清肠汤治疗稳定期支气管扩张症疗效及对肠道微生态的影响

目的观察宣肺降浊清肠汤治疗稳定期支气管扩张患者的效果及对肠道微生态的影响。方法选取2022年1月—2023年1月广州医科大学附属第一医院收治的稳定期支气管扩张症痰湿蕴肺型患者90例为观察对象,随机分为西药组、中药组、中西医结合组,每组各30例;同时于广州医科大学附属第一医院体检中心随机选取30例健康者作为空白组,用于肠道菌群检测的对照。西药组给予氨溴索口服,中药组给予宣肺降浊清肠汤颗粒剂口服,中西医结合组给予宣肺降浊清肠汤联合氨溴索口服。连续治疗6个月后评估3组临床疗效,比较3组治疗前后肺功能指标[第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))、用力肺活量(FVC)、呼气峰值流速(PEF)]、支气管扩张严重程度指数(BSI)评分、24 h痰量、急性加重次数、咳嗽-咳痰评估问卷(CASA-Q)评分、圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)评分及粪便标本中直肠真杆菌、多形拟杆菌表达量(采用PCR扩增法测定)。结果治疗结束后,中西医结合组临床总有效率明显高于中药组、西药组[93.3%(28/30)比63.3%(18/30)、76.7%(23/30),P均<0.05]。与治疗前比较,治疗后3组FEV_(1)、FVC、PEF均明显提高,BSI评分、SGRQ评分均明显降低,24 h痰量、急性加重次数均明显减少,CASA-Q评分均明显升高,且中西医结合组各指标改善情况均明显优于中药组及西药组,西药组各指标改善情况均明显优于中药组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。治疗后中西医结合组和中药组粪便中直肠真杆菌、多形拟杆菌表达量均较治疗前明显改善(P均<0.05),西药组粪便直肠真杆菌、多形拟杆菌表达量均无明显变化(P均>0.05);治疗后中药组和中西医结合组直肠真杆菌表达量均明显低于西药组(P均<0.05),多形拟杆菌表达量均明显高于西药组(P均<0.05),中药组和中西医结合组直肠真杆菌、多形拟杆菌表达量比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论宣肺降浊清肠汤联合氨溴索治疗稳定期支气管扩张症痰湿蕴肺型患者效果优于二者单独应用,可有效缓解患者病情,改善肺功能和生活质量,机制可能与宣肺降浊清肠汤可调节肠道菌群微生态相关。

厚朴三物汤调节脓毒症急性胃肠功能障碍的疗效观察

目的探讨厚朴三物汤调节脓毒症急性胃肠功能障碍的疗效及对肠道微生态的影响。方法选择2022年2月至2023年2月脓毒症并发急性胃肠功能障碍患者60例。采用随机数表法分为2组。对照组予常规西医治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上加用厚朴三物汤治疗。留取患者入ICU治疗7 d后的粪便标本进行高通量16S rRNA基因测序分析。对比患者治疗前、治疗7 d后的炎症因子、肠道通透性因子及免疫屏障功能指标水平。结果观察组患者粪便中,厚壁菌门中兼性厌氧菌属的相对丰度较高,包括颗粒链球菌、孪生球菌属、肉杆菌科属及嗜血菌属等;对照组患者粪便中以厌氧厚壁菌门菌属为主,包括梭菌属、月形单胞菌属、韦荣球菌属及厌氧棍状菌属,其肠道菌群的丰富度和多样性明显低于观察组。治疗7 d后,两组患者血清TNF-α、hs-CRP、WBC、IL-6指标水平均降低,且观察组血清TNF-α、hs-CRP、WBC、IL-6指标比对照组低(P<0.05);两组患者肠道通透性因子DAO、D-乳酸指标水平低于治疗前,观察组DAO、D-乳酸指标比对照组低(P<0.05);两组患者肠道免疫屏障功能IgA、IgM、IgG指标较治疗前升高,观察组IgA、IgM、IgG指标高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论厚朴三物汤可以有效改善脓毒症急性胃肠功能障碍患者的肠道微生态,降低炎症反应,进而提高肠道免疫屏障功能,有利改善患者预后康复质量。

饮食辅助治疗HIV患者的研究进展

人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)是造成人类免疫系统缺陷的一种病毒。HIV可异常激活免疫细胞,大量减少肠道的CD4+T淋巴细胞,导致对致病菌等的防御力减弱,使得肠道免疫功能紊乱,肠道菌群失衡,并引发其它系统异常。临床上采用抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)的同时会伴有腹泻、恶心、过敏等不良反应。近年来有研究发现采用益生菌与ART治疗相结合的方法,可以调节肠道菌群,抑制细菌移位,降低HIV感染者的炎症系数。文章综述HIV引起肠道微生态变化后,通过补充多种益生菌辅助治疗HIV患者的功效及机制。已发表的文献研究表明:通过含益生菌的饮食辅助治疗HIV感染具有积极作用,是一种经济可行的辅助治疗方法。

补气通窍方灌胃对大鼠变应性鼻炎的治疗作用及其机制

目的通过建立大鼠变应性鼻炎(AR)模型,观察补气通窍方对大鼠AR的治疗作用并分析其机制。方法将Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、补气通窍方组及鼻炎康组,每组10只。除对照组外均使用卵清蛋白抗原佐剂混悬液建造AR模型,建模成功后,模型组给予4 mL/d纯净水灌胃,补气通窍方组给予补气通窍方57.55g/(kg·d)灌胃,鼻炎康组给予鼻炎康462.5 mg/(kg·d)灌胃,对照组常规饲养不灌胃,共灌胃7 d,每日1次。各组每次灌胃结束后观察大鼠30 min内抓鼻、喷嚏及流涕的症状发生情况并计算动物行为学积分;HE染色观察鼻黏膜组织病理学改变;Western blotting法检测脾脏组织NF-κB p65蛋白;16 S rRNA基因测序检测肠道菌群多样性及丰度。结果模型组、补气通窍方组及鼻炎康组各时点动物行为学积分均高于对照组;灌胃2 d后,补气通窍方组动物行为学积分均低于模型组;灌胃3 d后,鼻炎康组动物行为学积分均低于模型组(P均<0.05)。对照组鼻黏膜假复层纤毛柱状上皮清晰可见,固有层无水肿、充血等病理改变;模型组鼻黏膜纤毛排列杂乱,可见较多嗜酸性粒细胞等炎症细胞浸润,腺体数量增加;补气通窍方组及鼻炎康组固有层黏膜较为完整,炎症细胞浸润程度较模型组减少,无明显腺体增生,鼻黏膜病理情况好转。脾脏组织NF-κB p65蛋白表达模型组>补气通窍方组、鼻炎康组>对照组(P均<0.05)。对照组、模型组、补气通窍方组及鼻炎康组分别包含3687、1641、1222、891种菌群,各组大鼠两两比较,组间菌群结构存在差异。在菌属水平上,各组大鼠的肠道菌群特定菌属具有显著差异(P均<0.05)。在科水平上,乳杆菌科相对丰度对照组>补气通窍方组、鼻炎康组>模型组(P均<0.05)。结论补气通窍方可改善大鼠AR的鼻炎症状,修复鼻黏膜组织病理损伤,其机制可能与提高乳杆菌相对丰度调节肠道微生态,下调脾脏组织NF-κB p65蛋白表达有关。

基于“脾为之卫”理论探讨肠道微生态的失衡与心力衰竭的关系

心力衰竭是心血管疾病终末期的致命阶段,因其死亡率和再住院率一直居高不下,故给社会带来了巨大的医疗负担。肠道微生态(IM)是人体最大、最复杂的微生态系统,它是由数以万计的微生物寄居在人体的胃肠道内,这些微生物被统称为肠道菌群(GM)。近些年来随着对肠道菌群研究的不断深入,越来越多的研究发现肠道菌群的失衡会改变心力衰竭患者体内基础代谢,促进全身炎症级联反应,是心力衰竭发生发展的关键诱因之一,因此以肠道微生物稳态作为治疗心力衰竭的新切入点将是医学研究的热点。然而中医理论“脾为之卫”涵盖了脾主运化、脾主升清、藏意主思等生理功能,肠道菌群与“脾为之卫”的职能有一定的相似性。文章从整体观念出发,以中医“脾为之卫”理论为切入,就肠道微生态失衡与心力衰竭发病机制进行阐述,为心力衰竭中医治疗或药物研究提供参考。

由“肠道微生态”浅谈从“脑”防治骨质疏松症

骨质疏松症是临床常见的一种以骨密度和骨质量下降为特征的慢性代谢性骨科疾病。应用中医理论对骨质疏松症探讨已有诸多文献,但大多仅局限于从五脏论述。该文通过总结归纳现代分子生物学关于肠道微生态相关研究,探讨脑-肠道微生态-骨质疏松症三者之间相关性,用现代微生态学的观点揭示从中医奇恒之府“脑”防治骨质疏松症的科学内涵,为中医防治骨质疏松症提供新思路,同时充实完善中医奇恒之府的科学实质。

基于肠道微生态的益生菌和益生元改善产后肥胖研究综述

随着我国多胎政策的开放及生活水平的提高,产后肥胖作为威胁我国公共健康的社会问题,需要得到各界的重视,关于产后肥胖的改善方法亟待探究。肠道微生态对于母亲和子代健康至关重要,在肥胖的发生、发展中起着重要作用,改善肠道微生态作为一种改善肥胖的有效方法已经引起了越来越多的关注。本文重点阐述了产后肥胖与肠道微生态的关系,综述了益生菌和益生元调控肠道微生态改善产后肥胖的机制,以期为基于肠道微生态的益生菌-益生元干预改善产后肥胖提供理论依据。

气囊扩张术与ERCP联合应用对胆总管结石患者手术效果及并发症的影响

目的:探讨气囊扩张术与内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)联合应用对胆总管结石患者手术效果及并发症的影响。方法:选择2021年2月—2022年12月泰州市人民医院消化内科收治的94例胆总管结石患者作为研究对象,根据随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,各47例。对照组采用ERCP联合内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(EST)取石治疗,观察组采用ERCP联合气囊扩张术取石治疗。比较两组肠道微生态、括约肌功能、手术指标及并发症发生率。结果:治疗后,两组双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌高于治疗前,大肠杆菌、梭菌、拟杆菌低于治疗前,且观察组双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌高于对照组,大肠杆菌、梭菌、拟杆菌低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组胆总管压力比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组括约肌基础压、括约肌收缩压高峰值、括约肌收缩频率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组手术时间、黄疸消退时间、腹痛缓解时间、术后卧床时间、住院时间均显著短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应总发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:气囊扩张术联合ERCP能够有改善胆总管结石患者的括约肌功能及手术指标,并减少并发症的发生。

丁酸梭菌的生物学特性及其对仔猪的益生影响与作用机制的研究进展

丁酸梭菌是一种良好的益生菌添加剂,可以有效提升仔猪的生长性能,改善仔猪腹泻,提高仔猪机体的抗氧化能力和免疫功能,降低仔猪的死亡率。丁酸梭菌能够产生以丁酸为主的短链脂肪酸,和其他益生菌协同调节机体消化环境,改善肠道微观结构,利于维持微生态平衡,从而提高仔猪的消化吸收能力。随着丁酸梭菌逐步应用于仔猪生产中,继续深入研究丁酸梭菌对仔猪益生影响的具体机制十分必要。文章综述了丁酸梭菌的生物学功能及其对仔猪的益生影响及作用机制,为提升丁酸梭菌在仔猪生产中的饲喂效果提供参考。

从肠道微生态探讨“敦土制水”辨治慢性肾脏病的思路

探讨中医“脾”功能失调与慢性肾脏病肠道微生态失调的内在关系,阐述“脾”影响肠道菌群的组成和功能,机体代谢、免疫功能,从而参与慢性肾脏病的发生发展过程,为中医药“敦土制水”法治疗慢性肾脏病提供现代理论依据。“敦土制水”是我国中西医结合肾脏病奠基人之一陈以平“斡旋三焦”治肾理论体系的重要组成部分。肠道微生物构成的微生态系统在各方面深刻影响着慢性肾脏病的进展与其相关并发症的发生。“脾肾失调”是CKD的病因之本,而脾居中焦,具有“升清”“运化”和“卫”的功能,与肠道菌群的组成和功能及其对机体代谢、免疫等作用相似,肠道菌群的组成平衡和功能稳定可视为“脾主升清”的正常状态。慢性肾脏病患者脾肾亏虚,脾不升清、土不制水,则肠道微生态平衡失调,肠道菌群失去自我稳定状态,组成和功能发生改变,引起CKD的发生发展。“敦土制水”法重在强健脾运,可调节肠道菌群,治疗慢性肾脏病有良好临床疗效。

葛根多糖对猫肠道菌群的影响

为探究葛根多糖(PPL-1)对猫肠道菌群的影响,本试验选取8只体重为2.5~3.7 kg的家猫,按体重随机分为2组,包括对照组(W)和试验组(E),每组4只(两只公猫,两只母猫),试验组猫连续口服30 d葛根多糖后,收集粪便,通过IlluminaMiseq高通量测序技术对肠道菌群的多样性进行分析。结果显示:葛根多糖能够显著提高变形杆菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、罕见小球菌属(Subdoligranulum)、双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)的相对丰度;显著降低厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)的相对丰度。结果表明,葛根多糖能显著提高猫肠道菌群多样性,并改善肠道菌群结构,对机体产生有益影响。