FOOD HABITS AND SEASONAL VARIATION OF STOMACH CONTENTS OF TONGUE SOLE CYNOGLOSSUS SEMILAEVIS (GUNTHER) IN THE BOHAI SEA

Examination of the food habits and seasonal variation of the stomach contents of adult tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevisGunther) taken in July 1982-July 1983 from Laizhou Bay and the Huanghe River estuary of the Bohai Sea showed Crustacea, bivalvia and small fishes comprised the main prey. Invertebrates such as polychaeta, cephalopoda, gastropoda, echinodermata and actiniaria were also intermittently found in them. They intensively fed all the year round (monthly feeding rate of over 80%). The main food items were Alpheus japonica, Alpheus distinguendus, Oratosquilla oratorio, Eucrate crenata and Carcinoplax vestitus, etc. In summer and autumn, the portion of bivalvia such as Cultellus attenuatus and Musculus senhousei increased steadily. From summer to winter, a stable proportion of small fishes such as Rhinogobius pflaumi and Setipinna taty was in the diet.

Feeding habit and seasonal variation of stomach contents of sand dabs, Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae, in the South Bohai Sea

Sand dabs, an important commercial flatfish in the Bohai Sea, has recently decreased gradually in biomass, resulting from overfishing and marine pollution. Artificial culture and multiplication of sand dabs are essential and practical in China. The present paper examines the food habitof this fish to provide detailed information for its culture and multiplication.

Analysis of the Spleen and Stomach Thoughts in Treating Eyelids Diseases in Essential Subtleties on the Silver Sea(《银海精微》)

Essential Subtleties on the Silver Sea(《银海精微》)is a well-known ophthalmology work of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).There are many discourses on eyelids diseases.This paper analyzed the classification of related diseases and their treatment methods and intends to sort out the pathogenesis of eyelids diseases related to the spleen and stomach function in TCM,thus inspiring new treatment ideas and guiding clinical treatment.Through the sorting out,it is found that the eyelids diseases are closely related to the function of the spleen and stomach such as the Qi(气)and blood generation and transformation,the blood circulation,and the Yin(阴)-Yang(阳)harmony.The corresponding treatments are various,including expelling the pathogen,moving Qi(气)and invigorating blood,warming and activating the spleen Yang(阳).

Fishery biology of whitespotted conger Conger myriaster(Brevoort, 1856) in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea

Whitespotted conger Conger myriaster is a commercially important species in the seas around China, Korea and Japan. The coastal waters of China serve as an important feeding ground for congers, but the spatio-temporal variations in the fishery and biological characteristics of the population have been rarely evaluated and less well understood in this area. We studied the growth, spawning and feeding characteristics of C. myriaster on the basis of samples collected from October 2016 to April 2017 in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. A total of 529 specimens were collected, with ages ranging from 1 to 6 years and total length ranging from 132 mm to 834 mm. The parameters of von Bertalanffy growth equation L∞ and k were 1 026 mm and 0.226 a^–1, respectively;the sex ratio was 88:0 (female: male) in the East China Sea and 2.67:1 in the South Yellow Sea;the development stage of ovary ranged from peri-nucleolus stage to secondary yolk globule stage, and the testis of two males was at midmeiotic stage;Crustacean was the major prey for conger of small length, and food source shift to fish with somatic growth. The results showed substantial differences from previous studies in Japan and Korean waters, as well as from China seas in the 1980s, suggesting potential spatiotemporal changes in the biological characteristics of C. myriaster. This study may improve current understanding of the fishery biology of C. myriaster in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea.

BIO-CHARACTERISTICS OF INTESTINAL METAPLASIA IN THE STOMACH: HYPERPROLIFERATIVE AND USUAL TYPE

Background： In Padova and Vienna International Classification, the usual intestinal metaplasia （UIM） of the stomach, including complete and incomplete type, is defined as negative for dysplasia, and hyperproliferative intestinal metaplasia （HIM） as indefinite for dysplasia, but the biological characteristics of these two types of intestinal metaplasia （IM）remain to be studied. Objective： To investigate the biological differences between UIM, HIM and intestinal type gastric cancer （IGC）, a panel of biomarkers were detected. Methods： A total of 38 cases of IGC, 41 HIM and 56 UIM adjacent to gastric cancer were studied. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of pS2, MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, Ki-67, EGFR, p53 and sulfo-Lewisa in UIM, HIM and IGC. Microsatellite instability （MSI） in UIM, HIM and IGC was detected by using Denaturing High Performance Liquid Chromatography （DHPLC）. Results： The pS2 antigen expression in UIM （78.6%） was significantly higher than in HIM and IGC （9.8%, 10.5%）, p〈0.01. The MUC6, sulfo-Lewisa and EGFR protein expressions were significant increased in HIM （24.4%, 82.9%, 48.7%） and IGC （34.2%, 75.0%, 42.1%） than in UIM （3.6%, 25.5%, 17.9%）, p〈0.01. A reversed pattern of expressions of MUC2 and MUC5AC was observed in UIM （96.4%, 50.0%） and HIM （82.9%, 36.6%） compared with IGC （52.6%, 13.2%）, p〈0.05; and the p53 gene expression was increased from UIM （1.8%） to HIM （19.5%） to IGC （57.9%）, p〈0.01. The Ki-67 labeling index was significantiy different among three lesions （UIM： 16%±6%, HIM： 45%±9%, IGC： 63%±10%, p〈0.01）. Conclusion： These findings suggest that there are different bio-characteristics among UIM, HIM and IGC, and HIM may have higher potential to progress to more advanced lesions in comparison with UIM.

Gut homeostasis, injury, and healing: New therapeutic targets

The integrity of the gastrointestinal mucosa plays a crucial role in gut homeostasis,which depends upon the balance between mucosal injury by destructive factors and healing via protective factors.The persistence of noxious agents such as acid,pepsin,nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,or Helicobacter pylori breaks down the mucosal barrier and injury occurs.Depending upon the size and site of the wound,it is healed by complex and overlapping processes involving membrane resealing,cell spreading,purse-string contraction,restitution,differentiation,angiogenesis,and vasculogenesis,each modulated by extracellular regulators.Unfortunately,the gut does not always heal,leading to such pathology as peptic ulcers or inflammatory bowel disease.Currently available therapeutics such as proton pump inhibitors,histamine-2 receptor antagonists,sucralfate,5-aminosalicylate,antibiotics,corticosteroids,and immunosuppressants all attempt to minimize or reduce injury to the gastrointestinal tract.More recent studies have focused on improving mucosal defense or directly promoting mucosal repair.Many investigations have sought to enhance mucosal defense by stimulating mucus secretion,mucosal blood flow,or tight junction function.Conversely,new attempts to directly promote mucosal repair target proteins that modulate cytoskeleton dynamics such as tubulin,talin,Ehm^(2),filamin-a,gelsolin,and flightless I or that proteins regulate focal adhesions dynamics such as focal adhesion kinase.This article summarizes the pathobiology of gastrointestinal mucosal healing and reviews potential new therapeutic targets.

Gastrin,somatostatin,and experimental disturbance of the gastrointestinal tract in rats

INTRODUCTIONThe field of gastrointestinal hormones has expanded at a dizzying rate[1-4].Gastrointestinal hormones as regulatory peptides that appear to be major components of bodily integration and have important regulatory actions on physioligical function of the gastrointestinal tract .The successful isolation of some gastrointestinal hormones and the development of sensitive methods for their detection have led to the unexpected finding that they also exist in the brain .

Value of enhanced computed tomography in differentiating small mesenchymal tumours of the gastrointestinal from smooth muscle tumours

BACKGROUND Computed tomography(CT)technology has been gradually used in the differen-tiation of small mesenchymal tumors of the stomach and intestines from smooth muscle tumours.AIM To explore the value of enhanced CT in the differentiation of small mesenchymal tumors of the stomach and intestines from smooth muscle tumours.METHODS Clinical data of patients with gastric mesenchymal or gastric smooth muscle tu-mours who were treated in our hospital from May 2018 to April 2023 were retrospectively analysed.Patients were divided into the gastric mesenchymal tumor group and the gastric smooth muscle tumor group respectively(n=50 cases per group).Clinical data of 50 healthy volunteers who received physical examinations in our hospital during the same period were selected and included in the control group.Serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9),CA-125 and cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1 were compared among the three groups.The value of CEA and CA19-9 in the identification of gastric mesenchymal tumours was analysed using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.The Kappa statistic was used to analyse the consistency of the combined CEA and CA19-9 test in identi-fying gastric mesenchymal tumours.RESULTS CEA levels varied among the three groups in the following order:The gastric mesenchymal tumour group>the control group>the gastric smooth muscle tumour group.CA19-9 levels varied among the three groups in the following order:The gastric mesenchymal group>the gastric smooth muscle group>the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve of CEA and CA19-9 was 0.879 and 0.782,respectively.CONCLUSION Enhanced CT has shown value in differentiating small mesenchymal tumors of the stomach and intestines from smooth muscle tumors.

Age-related histomorphologic changes in the canine gastrointestinal tract:A histologic and immunohistologic study

AIM： To examine the of the gastric, jejuna physiological aging. changes in the histomorphology and colonic wall of dogs due to METHODS： Full thickness biopsies were taken from the gastrointestinal tracts of 28 dogs of different ages. The thickness of the different layers of the wall was measured and the numbers of proliferating cells as indicated by immunohistochemical detection of Ki67 were counted. RESULTS： In the three excision sites, the thickness of all subepithelial layers increased with rising age. The strongest correlation between age and thickness of the intestinal wall was found in the first 10 years of life and in the jejunum （r =0.6-0.71 for the deep lamina propria mucosa, the muscularis mucosa, and the circular layer of the tunica muscularis）. The number of proliferating cells decreased during aging, with the strongest correlation in the lamina propria mucosa and lamina muscularis mucosa of the jejunum and in the colonic submucosa （r =-0.61 to -0.71）. Epithelial proliferation was only weakly correlated to the age. CONCLUSION： The morphology of the deeper layers and the proliferation of mesenchymal cells of the intestinal wall of healthy dogs are correlated with age. Gastrointestinal epithelial proliferation is only weakly age-correlated.

Localization and Dynamic Expression of a 27.8kDa Receptor Protein for Lymphocystis Disease Virus Infection in Sea Bass(Lateolabrax japonicus) Tissues

Lymphocystis disease virus(LCDV) infects target cells by attaching to a 27.8 k Da receptor(27.8R) protein in flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, and anti-27.8R monoclonal antibodies(MAbs) have been developed. However, the 27.8R existence in tissues of sea bass(Lateolabrax japonicus) and its role in LCDV infection have remained unclear. In this study, the results of western blotting demonstrated that the same 27.8R was shared by flounder and sea bass. LCDV-free sea bass individuals were intramuscularly injected with LCDV, and viral copies were detected in tissues from 3 h post infection and showed a time-dependent increase during 9 days infection. Distribution and synthesis of 27.8R in sea bass tissues were investigated by using anti-27.8R MAbs as probes. It was found that 27.8R was distributed in all the tested tissues. The levels of 27.8R protein were highest in gill and skin, then a bit lowly in stomach, head kidney and heart, followed by spleen, intestine, blood cells, gonad and liver, and least in kidney and brain in healthy sea bass. Upon LCDV infection, 27.8R synthesis was up-regulated in each tissue, and higher in the tissues with higher LCDV copies. The 27.8R and LCDV were detected in some peripheral blood leukocytes but not in red blood cells. These results suggested that 27.8R was widely distributed in sea bass tissues, and it served as a receptor and correlated with tissue tropism of LCDV infection. Furthermore, leukocytes had the potential of being a LCDV carrier and were responsible for a systemic infection of LCDV in sea bass.

Expression and significance of homeodomain protein Cdx2 in gastric carcinoma and precancerous lesions

AIM： To investigate the expression and significance of caudal-related homeobox transcription factor （Cdx2） in gastric carcinoma （GC） and precancerous lesions. METHODS： The expression of Cdx2 in GC, precancer- ous lesions and normal gastric mucosa were detected using immunohistochemical method. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, alcian blue/periodic acid-schiff and high iron diamine/alcian blue staining were used to classify intestinal metaplasia （IM） and GC. RESULTS： Cdx2 was not detected in normal gas- tric mucosa. Cdx2 expression was detected in 87.1% （101/116） of IM, 50% （36/72） of dysplasia and 48.2% （41/85） of GC. The Cdx2-expressing cells in IM were more prevalent than in dysplasia and carcinoma （P 〈 0.05）. There was no relationship between Cdx2 ex- pression and the classification of IM or the degree of dysplasia. Expression of Cdx2 was significantly higher in intestinal-type carcinoma than in diffuse and mixed- type carcinoma （P 〈 0.05）. Positive expression of Cdx2was mainly found in moderately to well differentiated GC. There was a negative association between nuclear Cdx2 expression and lymph node metastasis and tumor, nodes, metastasis stage of GC （P 〈 0.05）. The patients with Cdx2-positive expression showed a higher survival rate than those with Cdx2-negative expression （P = 0.038）. Multivariate analysis revealed that the expres- sion of Cdx2 and lymph node metastasis were indepen- dent prognostic indicators of GC （P 〈 0.05）.

Rare gastrointestinal lymphomas: the endoscopic investigation

Gastrointestinal lymphomas represent up to 10%of gastrointestinal malignancies and about one third of nonHodgkin lymphomas.The most prominent histologies are mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.However,the gastrointestinal tract can be the site of rarer lymphoma subtypes as a primary or secondary localization.Due to their rarity and the multifaceted histology,an endoscopic classification has not been validated yet.This review aims to analyze the endoscopic presentation of rare gastrointestinal lymphomas from disease diagnosis to follow-up,according to the involved site and lymphoma subtype.Existing,new and emerging endoscopic technologies have been examined.In particular,we investigated the diagnostic,prognostic and follow-up endoscopic features of T-cell and natural killer lymphomas,lymphomatous polyposis and mantle cell lymphoma,follicular lymphoma,plasma cell related disease,gastrointestinal lymphomas in immunodeficiency and Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract.Contrarily to more frequent gastrointestinal lymphomas,data about rare lymphomas are mostly extracted from case series and case reports.Due to the data paucity,a synergism between gastroenterologists and hematologists is required inorder to better manage the disease.Indeed,clinical and prognostic features are different from nodal and extranodal or the bone marrow(in case of plasma cell disease)counterpart.Therefore,the approach should be based on the knowledge of the peculiar behavior and natural history of disease.

Microsatellite instability in gastric cancer and pre-cancerous lesions

AIM: To investigate the microsatellite instability (MSI) in cancer and pre-cancerous lesions of the stomach and its mechanisms underlying the development of gastric cancer.METHODS: Thirty-six gastric cancer samples were obtained from patients undergoing surgery. Forty-one gastric mucosa samples with dysplasia and 51 with intestinal metaplasia (IM) were obtained from patients with chronic gastritis undergoing gastro-endoscopy. Genomic DNA was extracted from the samples. Silver staining single strand conformation polymorphis-polymerize chain reaction (SSCP-PCR) was used to screen MSI markers at 5 loci (Bat-25, Bat-26, D5S346, D17S250, and D2S123)in fresh tissues and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples and their corresponding normal gastric mucosa.RESULTS: The abnormal shifting of the single-strand DNA (MSI) was identified in 21 out of 36 (58.3%) gastric cancers.Seven cases showed high-level MSI (two or more loci altered) and 14 showed low-level MSI (one locus altered).Gastric cancer with MSI had a tendency to be located in the distal stomach. MSI was also detected in 11 out of 41(26.8%) dysplasia samples and in 9 of 51 (17.6%) IM samples respectively. Three cases of dysplasia and one case of IM showed high-level MSI. Eight cases of dysplasia and 8 cases of IM displayed low-level MSI. MIS in IM was found only in moderate or severe-grade IM. No association was detected between MSI and dysplasia grade.CONCLUSION: Accumulation of MSI in dysplasia and intestinal metaplasia of gastric mucosa may be an early molecular event during gastric carcinogenesis and may contribute to the acquisition of transformed cell phenotype and the development of gastric cancer.

Lamb’s tripe extract and vitamin B12 capsule plus celecoxib reverses intestinal metaplasia and atrophy:A retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND Chronic atrophic gastritis(AG)with intestinal metaplasia(IM)significantly increases the risk of gastric cancer.Some medicines have showed definite therapeutic effects in AG and IM regression.AIM To validate the efficacy of Lamb’s tripe extract and vitamin B12 capsule(LTEVB12)initial therapy and celecoxib rescue therapy for IM and AG.METHODS A total of 255 patients were included to receive LTEVB12 initial therapy(2 capsules each time,three times daily for 6 mo)in hospital in this study.The patients with failure of IM regression continued to receive celecoxib rescue therapy(200 mg,once daily for 6 mo).After each therapy finished,the patients underwent endoscopy and biopsy examination.The regression efficiency was assessed by the operative link on gastritis assessment(OLGA)and the operative link on the gastric intestinal metaplasia assessment(OLGIM)staging system.Logistic regression analysis was applied to identify factors associated with the curative effect.RESULTS For LTEVB12 initial therapy,the reversal rates of IM and AG were 52.95%and 48.24%,respectively.Analogously,for celecoxib rescue therapy,the effective rates for IM and AG were 56.25%and 51.56%,respectively.The IM regression rate of complete therapy was up to 85.03%.In different OLGA and OLGIM stages of IM patients,therapeutic efficiency showed a significant difference in each group(P<0.05).For both therapies,patients with high stages(III or IV)of both the OLGA and OLGIM evaluation systems showed a higher IM or AG regression rate than those with low stages(I or II).Among patients with high stages(OLGIM III and IV),the IM regression rate was above 70%for each therapy.Eating habits,fresh vegetable intake,and high-salt diet were identified as independent factors for the IM reversal effect of LTEVB12 therapy,especially high-salt diet(odds ratio=1.852,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Monotherapy could reverse IM and AG.LTEVB12 initial therapy and celecoxib rescue therapy significantly increase the regression effect.IM may not be the point of no return among gastric precancerous lesions.

Effect of Chitosan Supplemented Diet on Survival, Growth, Feed Utilization, Body Composition &Histology of Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

The effect of chitosan incorporated into feed formulation on the growth, feed utilization, body composition and histological response of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) was investigated. Final fish weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein productive value (PPV), and energy utilization (EU) of sea bass feed chitosan supplemented diet and the control diet were determined at the end of experiment. Data presents mean ± SD from triplicate determination (n = 3) for 75 days feeding trial. Different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 & 4.0) and control without chitosan incorporated with total fish feed in the form of dry diets were fed for 75 days. Average final weight (FW) was significantly higher at diet 3 (1 g?kg?1 chitosan) and the lowest in control fish group, specific growth rate (SGR) was significant at diet 3. Also, protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein productive value (PPV), and energy utilization (EU) showed the same trend. The chemical body composition, crude protein, dry matter, crude fat and ash were significant (P ≤ 0.01) different compared to control groups. The present investigation suggested that the chitosan incorporated into diets of sea bass fish certainly enhanced the non specific responses and reduced mortality and also improved the growth performance of fish.

Gastric-and-Intestinal Mixed Intestinal Metaplasia Is Irreversible Point with Eradication of Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) represents an important factor in the development of atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia (IM), and gastric cancer. Eradication of H. pylori has been reported to prevent gastric cancer only in cases without atrophy or IM. However, histological changes with eradication have yet to be fully clarified. We evaluated 38 H. pylori-positive cases before and after eradication at the gland level;pyloric glands were classified as showing gastric proper (G) and IM gland types, with the latter including gastric-and-intestinal mixed IM (GI-IM) and solely intestinal IM (I-IM), depending on the remaining gastric phenotypes. On eradication, acute and chronic inflammation attenuated rapidly and gradually, respectively, whereas levels of MUC5AC and MUC6 expression were not markedly altered. Gland width, size of nuclei and cytoplasm and their ratio in surface foveolar epithelium, the number of Ki-67-positive cells and the length of the proliferating zone in each gland were significantly decreased in G glands after eradication compared with those in GI-IM and I-IM. The number of mitotic phase cells, positive for phosphorylated histone H3 at serine 28, was increased in both types of IM compared to that in G glands in the H. pylori-infected state, but unexpectedly remained unchanged with eradication. These results suggest that GI-IM, as the beginning of IM, could represent a histological irreversible point with eradication and be considered as a “histological point of no return”.

75 CASES OF SIMPLE OBESITY TREATED WITH AURICULAR AND BODY ACUPUNCTURE

The author adopted auricular and body acupuncture in the treatment of obesity with satisfactory results as reported in the following: Clinical Data The series of 75 cases were diagnosed simple obesity for lack of evidence of any primary disease; age range was 17-65 years,

75 CASES OF SIMPLE OBESITY TREATED WITH AURICULAR AND BODY ACUPUNCTURE

The author adopted auricular and bodyacupuncture in the treatment of obesity withsatisfactory results as reported in the follow-ing:Clinical DataThe series of 75 cases were

基于“胃不和则卧不安”理论探讨肠道菌群对失眠的作用机制

《素问·逆调论》中记载“胃不和则卧不安”。然而由饮食不节引起的失眠,此病症的发病机制尚不清楚。现代研究发现,肠道菌群作为肠和脑的中间纽带,将胃肠道系统与中枢神经系统联系起来,这与中医论述的“胃不和则卧不安”的观点不谋而合。本文以肠道菌群为出发点,探讨胃肠不舒与失眠发生的内在联系,将现代发病机制与中医理论结合起来,以明确“胃不和则卧不安”的发病机制,为治疗失眠提供新思路。

葛根芩连汤通过IRS-1/PI3K/AKT通路对胃肠湿热型2型糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢的影响

目的探究葛根芩连汤通过胰岛素受体底物-1(IRS-1)/磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(AKT)通路对胃肠湿热型2型糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢的影响。方法将40只SD大鼠随机分为正常组(2 mL生理盐水灌胃)、造模组(2 mL生理盐水灌胃)、二甲双胍组(4.17 mg/100 g二甲双胍灌胃)和葛根芩连汤组(1 g/100 g葛根芩连汤灌胃),每组10只。采用高脂高糖饲料加腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)构建2型糖尿病大鼠模型,随后喂食油脂、42°白酒及蜂蜜水构建胃肠湿热型2型糖尿病大鼠模型。测量各组大鼠不同时间节点体质量,血糖仪测定空腹血糖(FBG);ELISA检测空腹胰岛素(FINS)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平变化、计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR);HE染色检测肝组织病理学变化;检测肝组织过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及丙二醛(MDA)含量变化。Western blot检测肝组织IRS-1、PI3K、p-PI3K、AKT及p-AKT蛋白变化。结果与正常组比较,造模组大鼠体质量、FBG、FINS及HOMA-IR、GSH-Px、CAT、SOD、IRS-1、p-PI3K/PI3K及p-AKT/AKT水平均明显下降(P<0.05)、TG、TC、IL-6、TNF-α及MDA含量均显著升高(P<0.05),可见局灶性肝实质损失。与造模组比较,二甲双胍组及葛根芩连汤组大鼠体质量、FBG、FINS及HOMA-IR、GSH-Px、CAT、SOD、IRS-1、p-PI3K/PI3K及p-AKT/AKT水平均明显升高(P<0.05)、TG、TC、IL-6、TNF-α及MDA含量均显著降低(P<0.05),显示正常的肝实质。结论葛根芩连汤可明显改善胃肠湿热型2型糖尿病糖脂紊乱,可能是通过IRS-1/PI3K/AKT通路发挥作用。