Correlation Study of Aortic Velocity Propagation, Abdominal Aortic Intima-Media Thickness, and Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness in Subclinical Hypothyroidism Patients

Objective:To explore the correlation between epicardial fat thickness(EFT),aortic velocity propagation(AVP),and abdominal aortic intima-media thickness(AA-IMT)in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism(SH).Additionally,to compare these indicators between SH patients and healthy individuals,providing a new theoretical basis for the clinical prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.Method:Clinical data from 50 SH patients(23 males and 27 females)and 50 healthy outpatient examinees(22 males and 28 females)were analyzed.The participants were selected from January 2022 to December 2023 at Loudi Central Hospital.EFT,AVP,and AA-IMT were measured,and their correlations were analyzed.Results:SH patients had significantly higher EFT and AA-IMT levels than the control group,while their AVP was significantly lower,with these differences being statistically significant(P<0.05).Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between EFT and AVP(P<0.001),a significant positive correlation between EFT and AAO-IMT(P<0.001),and a significant negative correlation between AVP and AAO-IMT(P<0.001).Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis identified increased EFT,decreased AVP,and increased AAO-IMT as independent risk factors for SH patients.Conclusion:In SH patients,EFT and AAO-IMT are elevated,whereas AVP is reduced.EFT and AVP are significantly correlated with AAO-IMT.EFT and AAO-IMT can serve as reliable indicators for evaluating subclinical atherosclerosis in SH patients,providing a diagnostic basis for clinical practice.

Correlation between Waist Circumference and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Women from Shanghai, China

Objective To evaluate whether waist circumference （WC） 〉85 cm is related to asymptomatic preclinical atherosclerosis in women from Shanghai, China. Methods A total of 2365 females aged 〉20 years recruited from 4 communities underwent physical examination and carotid artery scanning. Their carotid intima-media thickness （C-iMT） was measured. Results The C-IMT was significantly higher in overweight or obese women with their BMI 〉25.0 kg/m2 {P〈O.01） and in those with their WC _〉85 cm than in those with their WC 〈85 cm （P〈O.01）. Spearman and partial correlation analysis showed that the C-IMT was significantly correlated with WC which was independent of menopausal status. The C-IMT significantly increased with the increasing WC and reached to a platform in about 85 cm. An increment tendency was found in the subgroup with its WC 〈 85 cm （P〈O.01） while no significant tendency was found in the subgroup with its WC_〉85 cm （P=0.07）. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the WC was an independent risk factor for C-IMT. In logistic regression model, the odd ratio of WC _〉80 cm, _〉80 cm and 〈85 cm and 〉85 cm for evaluating the risk of C-IMT elevation was 2.632, 2.501, and 1.878, respectively. Conclusion WC is significantly correlated with C-IMT in women from Shanghai, China, and WC_〉85 cm may be used in identifying the risk of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis.

Quality control of ultrasonic measurement of carotid artery intima-media thickness

Background To report quality control methods and baseline reproducibility data of the ultrasound measurements of carotid artery intima-media thickness in the project of Establishment of an Integrated System for Coronary Heart Disease Prevention and Treatment. Methods Standard ultrasound scanning and measuring protocols were established by the study group. All sonographers and readers were trained by the carotid ultrasound core lab and all digital ultrasound images were centrally read. Ten subjects were scanned twice （with 1 week interval） by 2 sonographers independently and images were read by a single reader to evaluate the sonographer variability. Twenty subjects＇ images were read twice （with 1 week interval） by a single reader to assess the reader variability and the reproducibility of IMT measured at different carotid segments. Results The intraclass correlation （ICC） of intra- and inter-sonographer and intra- reader for mean IMT measurements was 0.99, 0.98 and 0.97 respectively; while for max IMT, it was 0.97, 0.99 and 0.95 respectively. Among different carotid segments and sites, ICC for mean 1MT measurements of common carotid （CCA）, carotid artery bulb （Bulb）, internal carotid artery （ICA）, overall near wall and overall far wall was 0.97, 0.99, 0.89, 0.93 and 0.98 respectively. Conclusion The reproducibility of IMT measurements according to our protocol is acceptable, although better reproducibility is found when measuring the mean IMT than max IMT, CCA and Bulb IMT than ICA IMT, and far wall IMT than near wall IMT.

Ultrasound Assessraent of Intima-media Thickness and Diameter of Carotid Arteries in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis or Renal Transplantation

Renal transplant （RT） recipients have a high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. However, the effects of renal transplantation on the development of arteriosclerosis have been controversial. The carotid intima-media thickness （CIMT） and diameter （CD） are important indicators of vascular remodeling and arteriosclerosis. In this study, 31 patients with hemodialysis （HD）, 31 RT recipients and 84 age- and gender-matched control subjects were enrolled. Their CIMT and CD were measured by ultrasonic radiofrequency tracking, and the linear regression models and Z test were used to identify the progression of arteriosclerosis and the risk factors. Compared with HD group, RT group had significantly lower CIMT and CD. CIMT was found to be associated with age, body weight, resistance index and diastolic velocity, while CD was associated significantly with age, body weight, pulsatility index, end diastolic velocity and diastolic blood pressure （DBP）, respectively. The correlation curves between CIMT and age showed the slopes of curves were decreased successively in control, RT and HD groups, and the curves between CD and age showed the slopes were decreased in order of RT 〉 control 〉 HD groups. It was concluded that CIMT and CD were significantly correlated with age in RT and moderately with age in HD patients. RT could reduce the progress of arteriosclerosis in patients with end-stage renal disease.

Relationship between Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Diabetes Clinical Risk Factors among Normotensive Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Native Black African Population

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is frequently associated with atherosclerosis with changes in the thickness of the intima-media of carotid arteries which causes increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in this group of patients. The carotid artery reflects the degree of atherosclerosis in the various vessels especially coronary arteries. Measurement of the carotid artery thickness with real time, relatively cheap and non-invasive ultrasonography method is used in monitoring atherosclerotic disease progression and response to treatment. This study is aimed at ultrasonographic evaluation of the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in adult Type 2 Diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic healthy controls matched for age, gender and body mass index (BMI). And to also determine its association if any with selected clinical factors among a native Black African population. Methodology: This was a prospective case control study involving 54 adult type 2 diabetics and 54 adult non-diabetic controls. CIMT was measured at 3 segments of the extracranial carotid arteries by a 7.5 - 10 MHz linear transducer of a portable Mindray M5 ultrasound machine. Results: Among the native black African population studied, there was significant difference in CIMT of adult type 2 diabetics compared to healthy non-diabetics adults (p value = 0.012 and 0.001 on the right and left respectively). The mean carotid intima-media thickness in diabetics was 0.81 mm and 0.85 mm, while in non-diabetics it was 0.74 mm and 0.75 mm on the right and left respectively. The presence of diabetes showed independent positive correlation with CIMT (beta: 0.24, p value = 0.004). Age (beta: 0.30, p value = 0.001) and plasma cholesterol level (beta: 0.30, p value = 0.013) also had positive correlation with CIMT. Conclusion: There was statistically significant difference in carotid intima-media thickness between adult type 2 diabetics and age, sex matched non-diabetics. DM showed independent correlation with CIMT.

Coronary atherosclerosis burden is not advanced in patients with β-thalassemia despite premature extracardiac atherosclerosis： a coronary artery calcium score and carotid intima-media thickness study

Background Thalassemic patients demonstrate an increased rate of extracardiae vascular complications and increased carotid wall intima-media thickness （cIMT）, but very low prevalence of coronary artery disease （CAD）. We investigated the atheroma burden by assessing the coronary artery calcium （CAC） and elMT in these patients. Methods We examined 37 patients with β-thalassemia and 150 healthy control volunteers with multi-detector computer tomography （CT） and ultrasonography to determine CAC score and cIMT, respectively. Results Propensity score matching （C-statistic： 0.88; 95% CI： 0.83-0.93） resulted in 27 pairs of patients; severe CAC was observed in 2 （7.4%） and 0 of β-thalassemia patients and healthy volunteers respectively （P = 0.5）. Median calcium score was 0 （0-0） in β-thalassemia patients and 0 （0-4） in healthy volunteers （P = 0.8）. Median intima-media thickness was higher in β-thalassemia patients compared to control group [0.45 （0.06-0.65） vs. 0.062 （0.054-0.086）; P = 0.04]. Conclusions Patients with β-thalassemia in comparison with healthy control subjects exhibit similar CAC score and increased cIMT. Our findings indicate a disparate rate of progression of atherosclerosis between coronary and extracardiac arteries in these patients lending support to the epidemiological evidence.

A REVIEW ON ARTERY WALL SEGMENTATION TECHNIQUES AND INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS MEASUREMENT FOR CAROTID ULTRASOUND IMAGES

Stroke and heart attack,which could be led by a kind of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease named as atherosclerosis,would seriously cause human morbidity and mortality.It is important for the early stage diagnosis and monitoring medical intervention of the atherosclerosis.Carotid stenosis is a classical atherosclerotic lesion with vessel wall narrowing down and accumulating plaques burden.The carotid artery of intima-media thickness(IMT)is a key indicator to the disease.With the development of computer assisted diagnosis technology,the imaging techniques,segmentation algorithms,measurement methods,and evaluation tools have made considerable progress.Ultrasound imaging,being real-time,economic,reliable,and safe,now seems to become a standard in vascular assessment methodology especially for the measurement of IMT.This review firstly attempts to discuss the clinical relevance of measurements in clinical practice at first,and then followed by the challenges that one has to face when approaching the segmentation of ultrasound images.Secondly,the commonly used methods for the IMT segmentation and measurement are presented.Thirdly,discussion and evaluation of different segmentation techniques are performed.An overview of summary and future perspectives is given finally.

Determining factors for carotid mean/max intima-media thickness and brachial flow-mediated dilation in healthy young women

Background: Many factors can contribute to atherosclerotic-type vascular changes in older individuals or men. Thus, confining the investigation to young women with no clinical evidence of the condition could enhance understanding of the early stages of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether carotid mean/max intima-media thickness (IMT) and brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) values, which are well-known event-related indices, are associated with laboratory data and the other vascular indices of atherosclerosis in healthy young women. Methods: Carotid mean/max IMT and brachial FMD were measured in young women with no clinical evidence of atherosclerosis (n = 110;mean age, 39 years) who were instructed not to eat, drink or smoke after 9 PM the evening before testing. All participants also underwent laboratory assessment, including simultaneous measurements of arterial stiffness such as augmentation index (AI), cardioankle vascular index (CAVI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Results: Mean IMT was signifi-cantly and positively associated with age (p = 0.002), CAVI (p = 0.044), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C, p = 0.047) and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP, p = 0.002) values but was not related to FMD, AI, baPWV or triglycerides (TG) in the multivariate regression analysis. Similarly, max IMT was positively associated with age (p p = 0.003) and hs-CRP (p = 0.005) values but was not related to FMD, AI, CAVI, baPWV, TG or blood pressure level in the multivariate regression analysis. The association between LDL-C and max IMT was much stronger than that between LDL-C and mean IMT. Brachial FMD was positively associated only with heart rate in the multivariate regression analysis. Conclusions: These results suggest that mean IMT more closely represents the sclerotic aspect of vascular change, whereas max IMT represents the atherotic aspect in healthy young women. Although the relationship between the autonomic nervous system and heart rate is well-known, there may be a complex interaction between the autonomic nervous system and endothelial function.

Relationship between peripheral arterial disease, carotid intima-media thickness and C-reactive protein in elderly diabetic patients

Purpose: To study the association between carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) level as markers for PAD in elderly patients with DM. Subjects: A case-control study on 90 participants aged 60 years and older divided into 60 cases (30 patients with DM alone and 30 patients with DM and comorbidities) and 30 healthy controls. All were assessed by measuring CIMT, ankle brachial index (AB), and markers for cardiovascular disease such as high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL). Results: hs-CRP levels showed statistically significant difference being highest among patients with DM and comorbidities and lowest among controls (P < 0.001). Also, symptoms of PAD were significantly higher among cases than controls. ABI was able to detect PAD in many asymptomatic patients. Color changes were present in only 43.30% (n = 26) of positive PAD cases while delayed wound healing, claudication pain, rest pain, cold extremities, and trophic changes were present in 23.30% (n = 14), 16.71% (n = 10), 16.71% (n = 10), 45.00% (n = 27), and 21.7% (n = 13). Using logistic regression analysis revealed that DM, CIMT, and hs-CRP were independent predictors for PAD (OR = 4.194, 7.236, 1.003;P value = 0.044, 0.25, 0.031) after adjustment of other coronary risk factors such as sex, smoking, hypertension, TC, and TG. Conclusion: Diabetic elderly have higher prevalence of asymptomatic PAD thannon-diabetics using solely ABI. DM, CIMT, and hs-CRP are independent predictors for the occurrence of PAD. Hs-CRP levels are highest among diabetics with comorbidities.

Relationship of plasma homocysteine, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, high mobility group box 1 protein with carotid intima-media thickness in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective:To explore the relationship of plasma homocysteine(Hcy),soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1)and high mobility group box 1 protein(HMGB1)with carotid intima-media thickness(c-IMT)in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods:A total of 100 elderly patients who were diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus in Baogang Hospital of Inner Mongolia from June 2017 to May 2020 were chosen as research objects.According to c-IMT,they were divided into the normal group(n=35),the mild to moderate group(n=41)and the severe group(n=24).The expression levels of plasma Hcy,sICAM-1 and HMGB1 were compared between groups respectively.Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship of plasma Hcy,sICAM-1,HMGB1 with c-IMT.Results:The comparison in plasma Hcy,sICAM-1,HMGB1 and c-IMT among the three groups of patients was of statistical significance(p<.05).The results of correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of plasma Hcy,sICAM-1 and HMGB1 were positively correlated with c-IMT in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(r=.627,.598,.614;p<.05).Conclusions:The expression levels of plasma Hcy,sICAM-1 and HMGB1 are abnormally increased in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,and related to c-IMT,which can provide a strong evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment by detecting their levels in clinical practice.

Reference values of carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness in Chinese adults based on ultrasound radio frequency signal:A nationwide,multicenter study

Background:Carotid intima-media thickness(IMT)and diameter,stiffness,and wave reflections,are independent and important clinical biomarkers and risk predictors for cardiovascular diseases.The purpose of the present study was to establish nationwide reference values of carotid properties for healthy Chinese adults and to explore potential clinical determinants.Methods:A total of 3053 healthy Han Chinese adults(1922 women)aged 18-79 years were enrolled at 28 collaborating tertiary centers throughout China between April 2021 and July 2022.The real-time tracking of common carotid artery walls was achieved by the radio frequency(RF)ultrasound system.The IMT,diameter,compliance coefficient,βstiffness,local pulse wave velocity(PWV),local systolic blood pressure,augmented pressure(AP),and augmentation index(AIx)were then automatically measured and reported.Data were stratified by age groups and sex.The relationships between age and carotid property parameters were analyzed by Jonckheere-Terpstra test and simple linear regressions.The major clinical determinants of carotid properties were identified by Pearson’s correlation,multiple linear regression,and analyses of covariance.Results:All the parameters of carotid properties demonstrated significantly age-related trajectories.Women showed thinner IMT,smaller carotid diameter,larger AP,and AIx than men.Theβstiffness and PWV were significantly higher in men than women before forties,but the differences reversed after that.The increase rate of carotid IMT(5.5µm/year in women and 5.8µm/year in men)and diameter(0.03 mm/year in both men and women)were similar between men and women.For the stiffness and wave reflections,women showed significantly larger age-related variations than men as demonstrated by steeper regression slopes(all P for age by sex interaction<0.05).The blood pressures,body mass index(BMI),and triglyceride levels were identified as major clinical determinants of carotid properties with adjustment of age and sex.Conclusions:The age-and sex-specific reference values of carotid properties measured by RF ultrasound for healthy Chinese adults were established.The blood pressures,BMI,and triglyceride levels should be considered for clinical application of corresponding reference values.

绝经后子宫内膜厚度早期预测子宫内膜病变的价值

目的探讨子宫内膜厚度在早期预测绝经后妇女子宫内膜病变的诊断价值。方法回顾性纳入2020年1月至2021年12月在滨州医学院附属医院妇科住院行宫腔镜检查的313例绝经后妇女为研究对象,收集患者的临床资料,根据患者阴道超声测量子宫内膜厚度是否≥5mm以及有无绝经后异常子宫出血分为三组,A组为有异常子宫出血且子宫内膜厚度≥5 mm患者102例,B组为有异常子宫出血但子宫内膜<5 mm患者53例,C组为无异常子宫出血但子宫内膜厚度≥5mm患者158例。比较三组的临床资料,同时对C组患者根据宫腔内是否发生病变进行亚组分析,观察其临床资料差异。通过ROC曲线分析子宫内膜厚度在早期预测绝经后妇女宫腔内病变的诊断价值。结果三组患者术后病理结果中占比最多的是子宫内膜息肉(48.56%),其中C组中子宫内膜息肉占比为63.29%。三组患者的子宫内膜厚度、子宫内膜病理比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),A组和C组的子宫内膜厚度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但子宫内膜病理比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。C组的亚组分析显示,子宫内膜发生病变患者的子宫内膜厚度大于子宫内膜无病变者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,绝经后子宫内膜厚度在早期预测宫腔内病变的AUC为0.801,敏感度为58.87%,特异度为94.12%,截断值为0.85cm。结论对于绝经后无异常子宫出血妇女通过阴道超声检查子宫内膜厚度能够对子宫内膜病变做到较好的预警,临床上可通过此方式来避免患者接受无必要有创操作,且可以提高诊断效率。

脑白质病变及大脑皮层厚度与老年轻型卒中后认知功能障碍的相关性研究

目的探讨老年轻型卒中后认知功能障碍(PSCI)与脑白质病变、大脑皮层厚度的关系。方法回顾性分析158例老年轻型卒中病人的临床资料,根据MoCA评估结果分为非PSCI组和PSCI组(MoCA<26分),比较2组的基线资料、MRI影像改变、大脑皮层厚度,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析老年轻型卒中病人发生PSCI的影响因素。结果PSCI组与非PSCI组的腔隙性缺血灶、脑微出血、DWI阳性病变及血管间隙扩大检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PSCI组年龄大于非PSCI组,脑白质病变较非PSCI组严重(P<0.05)。2组的左额下回三角部及右额下回三角部皮质厚度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但PSCI组左眶额部、右眶额部、左额中回及右额中回的皮质厚度均明显低于非PSCI组(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,年龄、中重度脑白质病变均为老年轻型卒中病人发生PSCI的危险因素(OR=1.704、1.826,均P<0.05),前额叶脑皮质厚度(左眶额部、右眶额部、左额中回、右额中回)为老年轻型卒中病人发生PSCI的保护因素(OR=0.820、0.838、0.834、0.827,均P<0.05)。结论年龄、脑白质中重度病变及前额叶脑皮质厚度变薄均与PSCI密切相关,通过头颅MRI检查脑白质及大脑皮质厚度变化,可为临床预测PSCI的发生提供参考依据。

超声检测无名动脉及右锁骨下动脉IMT病变在60岁以下成人中的应用价值

目的:研究超声检测无名动脉分叉部(innominate artery bifurcation,INA Bif)及右锁骨下动脉起始部(right subclavian artery origin,RSCA Ori)内中膜厚度病变在60岁以下成人中的临床应用价值。方法:随机选取于本院行颈部血管超声检查的体检者685例,按年龄分为4组,对他们的颈动脉、椎动脉、RSCA Ori、INA Bif的内中膜厚度(intimamedia thickness,IMT)病变情况及各血管管腔血流情况进行检测。结果:INA Bif和RSCA Ori显示欠清6例,超声显示满意度99.12%。单纯性INA Bif或RSCA Ori IMT病变例数远高于单纯性颈动脉IMT病变例数。结论:超声检测INA Bif及RSCA Ori IMT病变相对于单纯检测颈动脉IMT病变的敏感度大大提高,能更早期提示动脉粥样硬化,指导临床干预,具有重要临床意义。

围绝经期异常子宫出血合并子宫内膜病变的影响因素探究

目的:探讨围绝经期异常子宫出血合并子宫内膜病变的影响因素。方法:选取2021年5月至2023年5月期间在本院妇产科诊治的128例围绝经期异常子宫出血患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。全部患者均接受诊刮术以获取子宫内膜组织进行病理学诊断。根据患者子宫内膜病变情况的病理学诊断结果将发生子宫内膜病变的患者分为病变组,其他未发生子宫内膜病变的患者分为正常组。查阅患者资料,分析围绝经期异常子宫出血合并子宫内膜病变的影响因素。结果:所有患者中合并子宫内膜病变93例(72.66%);单因素与多因素Logistic回归分析检验结果显示:年龄、子宫内膜厚度、出血时间均可能是围绝经期异常子宫出血患者合并子宫内膜病变的影响因素,其均是风险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。结论:年龄大、子宫内膜厚度≥7 mm、出血时间≥3 m均可能会导致围绝经期异常子宫出血患者合并子宫内膜病变,应引起临床重视。

Carotid lesions in outpatients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

AIM:To ascertain whether carotid lesions are more prevalent in outpatients with incidental findings of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) at abdominal ultrasound (US).METHODS: One hundred and fifty-four consecutive outpatients (age range 24-90 years, both sexes) referred by general practitioners for abdominal US, and drinking less than 20 g alcohol/day, underwent carotid US for an assessment of carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT) and carotid plaque prevalence. Hepatic steatosis, visceral fat thickness and subcutaneous fat thickness were also assessed at ultrasonography.RESULTS: Higher c-IMT values were found in the presence of NAFLD (90 patients), even after adjustment for indices of general and abdominal obesity and for the principal cardiovascular risk factors (0.84±0.10 mm vs 0.71±0.10 mm, P<0.001). The prevalence of carotid plaques was 57.8% in the patients with NAFLD vs 37.5% in the patients without this condition (P=0.02). The adjusted relative risk of having carotid plaques for patients with NAFLD was 1.85 (95% CI:1.33-2.57, P<0.001).CONCLUSION: An incidental finding of hepatic steatosis may suggest the presence of silent carotid atherosclerotic lesions.

Significance of Increased CIMT with Coexisting Carotid Plaques in Cerebral White Matter Lesions in Elders

It is very common that increased carotid intima media thickness （CIMT） and carotid plaque coexist in a single subject in elderly patients with white matter lesions （WMLs）. In this study we inves- tigated whether the coexistence of increased CIMT and carotid plaque is more strongly associated with the presence and extent of WMLs than either alone. All patients were classified into 1 of the following 4 groups： without either increased CIMT （I） or carotid plaque （P）： I（-）P（-）; with only increased CIMT： I（＋）P（-）; with only carotid plaque： I（-）P（＋）; and with both increased CIMT and carotid plaque： I（＋）P（＋） The presence and severity of periventricular WMLs （PWMLs） and deep WMLs （DWMLs） were as- sessed and the prevalence of MRI findings by the Cochran-Armitage trend test was calculated. The characteristics of subjects showed that the percentages of patients with increased CIMT and carotid plaque in the DWMLs group and the PWMLs group were significantly higher than those without WMLs group. Both DWMLs and PWMLs were strongly associated with age, carotid plaque and CIMT. Furthermore, the Cochran-Armitage trend test indicated that the prevalence of MRI findings of PWMLs and DWMLs increased in the order of I（-）P（-）〈 I（＋）P（-）〈 I（-）P（＋）〈 I（＋）P（＋） （P〈0.0001）. For the pa- tients with DWMLs, the grades of both I（＋）P（-） and I（＋）P（＋） were increased significantly compared to I（-）P（-） （P〈0.0025, P〈0.05, respectively） without such a difference found in patients with PWMLs. Our results suggested that the coexistence of increased CIMT and carotid plaque is most closely associated with WMLs, and that increased CIMT is associated with the severity of DWMLs, whereas carotid plaque is related to the presence of WMLs.

高频超声评估2型糖尿病患者腓肠肌病变的诊断价值

目的探究高频超声对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者腓肠肌病变的诊断价值。方法选取桂林市中医医院2022年1月至2022年12月1000名行高频超声检查者为研究对象,根据是否患有T2DM将受试者分为T2DM组及对照组,根据腓肠肌病变情况将T2DM组分为腓肠肌病变组及非腓肠肌病变组,根据腓肠肌病变程度将腓肠肌病变组分为重度组及轻度组,比较T2DM组及对照组、腓肠肌病变组及非腓肠肌病变组、腓肠肌病变组重度组及轻度组的高频超声指标,采用ROC曲线分析高频超声对T2DM患者合并腓肠肌病变的诊断价值及对腓肠肌病变程度的评估价值。结果根据是否患有T2DM分为T2DM组(n=127)及对照组(n=873),T2DM组腓肠肌肌束宽度及内侧头、外侧头羽状角小于对照组,腓肠肌皮下脂肪厚度大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。根据腓肠肌病变情况将T2DM组分为腓肠肌病变组(n=38)及非腓肠肌病变组(n=89),腓肠肌病变组腓肠肌肌束宽度及内侧头、外侧头羽状角小于非腓肠肌病变组,腓肠肌皮下脂肪厚度大于非腓肠肌病变组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高频超声指标中腓肠肌肌束宽度、腓肠肌皮下脂肪厚度等联合检测诊断T2DM合并腓肠肌病变的AUC值为0.905,大于腓肠肌皮下脂肪厚度(0.850)、腓肠肌皮下脂肪厚度(0.724)、内侧头羽状角(0.612)、外侧头羽状角(0.639)单独检测(P<0.05)。根据腓肠肌病变程度将腓肠肌病变组分为重度组(n=9)及轻度组(n=29),重度组腓肠肌肌束宽度及内侧头、外侧头羽状角小于轻度组,腓肠肌皮下脂肪厚度大于轻度组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高频超声指标中腓肠肌肌束宽度、腓肠肌皮下脂肪厚度等联合检测评估T2DM合并腓肠肌病变严重程度的AUC值为0.961,大于腓肠肌皮下脂肪厚度(0.814)、腓肠肌皮下脂肪厚度(0.779)、内侧头羽状角(0.793)、外侧头羽状角(0.826)单独检测(P<0.05)。结论T2DM合并腓肠肌病变患者存在腓肠肌肌束宽度、内外侧头羽状角等超声指标异常现象,高频超声对T2DM患者合并腓肠肌病变及疾病严重程度具有诊断评估价值。

膜解剖的腹腔镜下胆囊全层切除术治疗胆囊局灶性病变的安全性分析

目的探讨利用Laennec膜行腹腔镜下胆囊全层切除术治疗胆囊局灶性病变的临床应用安全性。方法回顾性分析于2021年6月至2022年1月在海宁市人民医院行腹腔镜下胆囊全层切除术22例(胆囊全层切除术组)及腹腔镜下胆囊切除术30例(常规手术组)患者的病例资料。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间及术后并发症情况。结果两组均顺利完成手术,胆囊全层切除术组手术时间较常规手术组长[(55.40±18.01)min vs(43.40±7.11)min,t=2.961,P=0.002];两组术中出血量[20.00(5.00,30.00)mL vs 17.50(5.00,37.50)mL,Z=-0.465,P=0.642]、术后住院时间[(2.77±0.42)d vs(2.60±0.49)d,t=1.118,P=0.134]差异均无统计学意义,术后均无需要临床干预的并发症发生。结论腹腔镜下胆囊全层切除术是安全可行的,且能避免切入胆囊,可用于胆囊良性局灶性病变的治疗。

服用他莫昔芬的乳腺癌患者宫腔镜检出子宫内膜病变的危险因素研究

背景近年来乳腺癌已成为威胁中国女性健康的第一大恶性肿瘤,他莫昔芬(TAM)的使用成功地减少了雌激素受体阳性乳腺癌的复发和进展,但同时也增加子宫内膜病变的风险。目的探索服用TAM的乳腺癌患者子宫内膜病变的高危因素,确定子宫内膜厚度预测该类患者子宫内膜病变的最佳界值,提高宫腔镜手术的阳性检出率。方法回顾性选取2015年1月—2022年1月南京医科大学第一附属医院妇科收治的接受宫腔镜下内膜活检的服用TAM(20 mg/d)的乳腺癌患者为研究对象。将患者分为宫腔镜内膜活检阴性组(正常子宫内膜)和宫腔镜内膜活检阳性组(即子宫内膜病变,包括子宫内膜息肉、子宫内膜增生不伴不典型、子宫内膜不典型增生及子宫内膜癌)。收集患者的临床资料,包括年龄、BMI、高血压史、糖尿病史、分娩次数、是否绝经、是否存在异常子宫出血/绝经后出血(AUB/PMB)、是否化疗、TAM用药时间、是否使用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)、子宫内膜厚度、宫腔占位回声特征。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探究服用TAM的乳腺癌患者子宫内膜病变的危险因素。绘制子宫内膜厚度预测宫腔镜检出子宫内膜病变的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,并计算ROC曲线下面积(AUC)及其95%CI,确定最佳截断值。结果宫腔镜内膜活检阳性组患者AUB/PMB、TAM用药时间≥24个月、宫腔内高回声占位比例及子宫内膜厚度高于宫腔镜内膜活检阴性组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,AUB/PMB[OR=7.731,95%CI(1.949,30.699),P=0.004]、子宫内膜厚度增加[OR=1.223,95%CI(1.091,1.371),P=0.001]、宫腔内高回声占位[OR=13.383,95%CI(2.751,65.103),P=0.001]是服用TAM的乳腺癌患者宫腔镜检出子宫内膜病变的独立危险因素。子宫内膜厚度预测服用TAM的乳腺癌患者宫腔镜检出子宫内膜病变的AUC为0.753[95%CI(0.638,0.868),P<0.001],约登指数为0.54,最佳截断值为9.15 mm,灵敏度为0.755,特异度为0.786。结论当服用TAM的乳腺癌患者存在AUB/PMB、超声提示子宫内膜厚度≥9.15 mm、宫腔内存在高回声占位时发生子宫内膜病变的风险增高,应积极考虑宫腔镜检查及内膜活检。