Risk-taking path choice behaviors under ATIS in transportation networks with demand uncertainty

A new travel time reliability-based traffic assignment model is proposed to investigate the effects of an advanced transportation information system (ATIS) on drivers' risk-taking path choice behaviours in transportation networks with demand uncertainty. In the model, drivers are divided into two classes. The first class is not equipped with ATIS, while the second class is equipped with ATIS. Different risk-taking path choice behaviours of the two classes are studied, respectively. A corresponding mixed equilibrium traffic assignment model is formulated as a variational inequality problem in terms of path flows, which is solved by a heuristic solution algorithm. Numerical results indicate that the ATIS can influence the drivers' risk-taking path choice behaviours and the total system travel time in transportation networks with demand uncertainty. It is also found that under higher demand levels, the benefits of ATIS for network performance enhancement may be more obvious.

Popularity, likeability, and risk-taking in middle adolescence

This study investigated the roles of adolescent popularity and likeability in eight domains of risk-taking in Australian grade 9 students (53% girls). The eight domains included previously examined areas of aggressive behaviours, alcohol use, and sexual intercourse, and areas where there is scarce information, including antisocial activities, unprotected intercourse, body image-related risk-taking, unsafe road practices, and stranger-related risk-taking. The results indicated a clear association between popularity and higher risk-taking in five of the eight domains. This is contrasted with likeability, which was not directly related to risk-taking aside from one two-way interaction with gender for sexual intercourse. The findings demonstrate the importance of including a broader range of risk-taking activities when considering popularity, particularly stranger-related risk-taking.

Development of a Self-Assessment Questionnaire for Nurses’ Risk-Taking Behavior in Medication

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to prepare a self-assessment questionnaire for nurses’ risk-taking behavior (RTB) in medication and to develop a reliable and valid questionnaire. Method: In the first study, a draft of the self-evaluation questionnaire for nurses’ RTB in medication was prepared based on the literature study and qualitative analysis of important case information included in the Project to Collect Medical Near-miss/Adverse Event Information Annual Report of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Following the studies, face validity was confirmed, and a questionnaire survey was conducted for nurses who oversee medication nationwide to verify the reliability and validity. Result: The number of subjects was 586 (valid response rate: 94.1%). Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis showed that 4 factors and 12 items for the RTBs in daily life and 4 factors and 20 items for RTBs in medication could be extracted. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the fit of the hypothetical model obtained by exploratory factor analysis. In addition, Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.888. Thus, high reliability and validity were obtained. A correlation was found by comparing the total scores of each RTB factor with the incident/accident group, and a standard for self-evaluation value could be established (p < 0.01). Conclusions: We were able to develop a self-assessment questionnaire for nurses’ risk-taking behavior in medication. This questionnaire will be used by nurses to find out their trends.

教师自主支持与小学生的科学学习无畏:学习兴趣和创造力效能感的中介作用

学习无畏(intellectual risk-taking)是指学生在学习中勇于尝试、不怕失败,这种品质对学生的科学学习和创造力发展非常重要。本研究基于自我决定理论和自我效能理论,采用自我报告式调查问卷,对南方某省方便取样的四所学校的757名四、五、六年级小学生进行调查,探究教师自主支持与学生科学学习无畏的关系,以及科学学习兴趣和创造力自我效能感的中介作用。结果表明:(1)教师自主支持行为对学生的学习无畏具有显著的正向预测作用。学生感受到的教师自主支持越多,越可能在科学学习中勇于尝试、不怕失败;(2)在教师自主支持与学生科学学习无畏之间的关系中,学生的科学学习兴趣和创造力效能感起完全中介作用。即教师自主支持行为可能通过提高学生对科学学习的兴趣和创造力自我效能感,间接提高学生的学习无畏水平。

Gazing through the bubble:an experimental investigation into financial risk‑taking using eye‑tracking

Eye tracking can facilitate understanding irrational decision-making in contexts such as financial risk-taking.For this purpose,we develop an experimental framework in which participants trade a risky asset in a simulated bubble market to maximize individual returns while their eye movements are recorded.Returns are sensitive to eye movement dynamics,depending on the presented visual stimuli.Using eye-tracking data,we investigated the effects of arousal,attention,and disengagement on individual payoffs using linear and nonlinear approaches.By estimating a nonlinear model using attention as a threshold variable,our results suggest that arousal positively influences trading returns,but its effect becomes smaller when attention exceeds a certain threshold,whereas disengagement has a higher negative impact on reduced attention levels and becomes almost irrelevant when attention increases.Hence,we provide a neurobehavioral metric as a function of attention that predicts financial gains in boomand-bust scenarios.This study serves as a proof-of-concept for developing future psychometric measures to enhance decision-making.

Monetary Policy,Liquidity and Bank Risk-Taking

The great impact of monetary policy on bank risk-taking,facilitated by a liquidity mechanism,significantly complicates the macro-prudential supervision process.Surprisingly,limited scholarly research has delved into this particular issue.Hence,in this paper,the liquidity variable is introduced into the dynamic linear model to depict the liquidity mechanism by which monetary policy affects bank risk-taking.Based on micro-data from 133 commercial banks in China,this paper empirically tests using systematic Gaussian mixture models estimation and a panel smooth transition regression model.The findings reveal that while monetary policy does not exhibit a significant risk-shifting effect.A marked liquidity transmission effect,however,is observed,whereby easy monetary policy noticeably exacerbates bank risk-taking.This impact becomes more pronounced as liquidity levels improve.The most significant negative impact of monetary policy on bank risk-taking occurs when bank liquidity reaches approximately 43%.Moreover,when banks maintain high levels of liquidity,the statutory deposit reserve ratio exerts a greater regulatory effect than other monetary policy tools.Contractionary monetary policy imposes noticeably weaker restraints than expansionary monetary policy,particularly in banks with higher liquidity levels.Moreover,the interplay between monetary policy and bank risk-taking is contingent upon not just the liquidity level of banks,but also their asset size and capital adequacy.

The influence of CEO’s financial literacy on SMEs technological innovation:the mediating effects of MCS and risk‑taking

Previous literature showed mixed results about the impact of CEOs’financial literacy(CFL)on small and medium-sized enterprises’(SMEs)innovation.This relationship can be motivated by relevant variables,which are missing in the previous literature and make a difference as mediators.In this sense,based on the theoretical framework related to upper echelon theory and resource-based view,this study focuses on the mediating effect of risk-taking attitude and management control systems(MCS)varia-bles.Empirical data from 310 SMEs gathered using a qualitative research questionnaire are analyzed using structural equation modeling methodology.Specifically,estimations are carried out considering the partial least square method.Findings show that MCS and managers’risk attitudes fully mediate the relationship between financial literacy(FL)and innovation.Between these two mediating variables,the implementation of MCS stands out because it also enables the mediating effect of CEOs’risk-taking in the CFL–technological innovation relationship.As the results do not support the significant direct relationship between FL and risk attitude,they confirm an indirect effect through MCS.Furthermore,based on the study findings,SMEs’directors and owners,business associations,and public authorities can improve SMEs’technological innovation by implementing training programs and policies to foster CFL.They can also acknowledge the interdependency between organizational factors and individual characteristics to enhance SMEs’technological innovation.

病态知识分子的人格特征分析———以沈从文《八骏图》与鲁迅《高老夫子》为中心

知识分子的病态书写在众多文学作品中均有涉及,《八骏图》和《高老夫子》也不例外。在这两部小说中,“本我”被“超我”掩盖,“本我”欲望的象征是“海”与“花”,主人公通过回归“自我”以找寻平衡。鲁迅和沈从文对于病态知识分子的塑造具有一定的相通性,可以通过弗洛伊德精神分析学说中的人格分析理论对主人公进行全方位透视,人格组成的三部分——“自我”“本我”“超我”——在病态知识分子那里处于一种失衡状态,三者不断博弈,“本我”的欲望在“超我”的束缚下掩埋,但又不乏以各种形式溢出,“自我”的登场以现实主义为原则协调“本我”与“超我”间的差异,使知识分子能够在其中找到一个平衡点合情合理地释放自己的真实欲望。总体来讲,沈、鲁二人对这类知识分子的讽刺是明显的,揭示出这类“文明人”的文明病。

Entrepreneurial Orientation and Innovation Ecosystems in the Industrial Sector, Central Region, Kampala, Uganda: A Review

This review explores entrepreneurial orientation and innovation ecosystems in the industrial sector of the Central Region, Kampala, Uganda, through an analysis of ten scholarly articles. The study contextualizes the research within the regional landscape and establishes a theoretical framework through a focused literature review. Key findings highlight the intersection of entrepreneurial activities and innovation dynamics, emphasizing the region’s unique contributions to the broader field. Discussions on discrepancies and unexplored territories within the articles offer insights into limitations and research gaps. The manuscript concludes by identifying future research avenues, providing a roadmap for ongoing inquiry into the entrepreneurial and innovative dimensions of the Central Region’s industrial sector. This synthesis underscores the importance of cultivating an entrepreneurial mindset and collaborative innovation strategies for sustainable industrial development in the region.

知识产权通则:立法进程中的一种尝试

在中国知识产权的立法进程中,存在“单行立法”、“一般性规定”和“法典化”三种进路,它们基本上沿袭了世界上既有的知识产权三种立法模式。“单行立法”模式容易导致条文之间的矛盾、冲突与重复,“一般性规定”模式面临着逻辑上和实践中的困难。在中国语境下,“法典化”具有一种比较优势,但不具有现实性。在此基础上,本文提出了制定一部知识产权通则的构想。

发现学习——建筑理论教学的新思路

建筑理论课的教学目标不外乎两个:学生知识体系的建构与批判性思考能力的培养,与传统的讲解式教学方法相比,发现学习法在对学生独立思考与研究能力培养上日益处于不可忽视的地位,而建立在批判性建筑教育上的发现学习法,也正是解决当今建筑实践中缺少批判性实践的一条有效途径。

智慧重载铁路系统体系框架研究

随着数字化与智能化技术的突破与发展,融合新兴技术的智慧重载铁路系统能够有力提升运输安全与效率。本文从运营智能化、装备智能化、运维智能化、管理智能化四个方面总结了智慧重载铁路国内外发展现状及趋势,给出了智慧重载铁路的定义,提出了智慧重载铁路系统框架及重点建设内容,并对智慧重载铁路系统的发展战略进行了探讨。

The impact of internet finance on commercial banks’risk-taking:Theoretical interpretation and empirical test

Through introducing internet finance’s“reducing management cost”and“raising capital cost”effects into bank risk-taking model,this paper systematically investigates the dynamic and heterogeneous influence of internet finance on commercial banks’risk-taking.Using internet finance index based on“text mining”and data of 36 commercial banks from 2003 to 2013,we makes an empirical test.The results show,firstly,the impact of internet finance on commercial banks’risk-taking is a“U”trend.The initial development of internet finance can help commercial banks reduce management cost and risk-taking,but then internet finance will raise capital cost,and turn to exacerbate banks’risk-taking.Secondly,the response of commercial banks’risk-taking is heterogeneous.Large commercial banks’response is slow,while small and medium banks’response is relatively sensitive.

Thinking of peace when rich:The effect of industry growth on corporate risk-taking

We investigate the unique role and mechanisms of industry growth in firms’risk-taking policies.We find that industry growth is negatively associated with corporate risk-taking,consistent with the prospect theory that a high-growth industry gives firms a superior external environment,which may cause them to refrain from corporate risk-taking as in the saying“thinking of peace when rich.”This correlation is stronger for product market leaders,industries encouraged by industry policies and industries that receive more government support.Firms reduce risk-taking through various corporate policies,including long-term,high-value investments,operational efficiency and cash holdings in response to high industry growth.Overall,our results are consistent with industry growth negatively affecting corporate risk-taking.

Description of socioeconomic and demographic profile of young women vulnerable to infection by human papillomavirus and risk behavior in a school in Rio de Janeiro

Background: HPV is one of the main sexually transmitted diseases, especially among the female population. This is an important etiologic agent for the development of cervical intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer. It is considered a public health problem, since young women are the most vulnerable group to this virus. Therefore, it is important that the socioeconomic and demographic profile of these women and their risk behaviors are known, so that it is possible to contribute in reducing infection occurrences in the studied population. Objectives: To describe the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and investigate the behavioral sexual-affective aspects of risk of adolescents and young students from Rio de Janeiro/Brazil when tackling HPV infection. Methods: A group composed by 128 individuals susceptible to HPV—classified as adolescent women and young women who are students at a high school in one unity of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The studied period was from May to November. A quantitative descriptive approach was used, in which data were highlighted in variables, divided into economic, demographic and behavioral characteristics. Data were entered into an Excel spreadsheet and organized by descriptive statistics performed by simple frequency (%). Results: The age range of the young women who have the possibility of being infected with HPV was from 15 to 25. The focused family income among these young women was up to 2 minimum wages. The risk behavior detected in 37.5% of adolescent women and in 43.8% of young women is that these women never used condoms in sexual intercourse. Conclusion: The research showed that the studied women are vulnerable due to risk behavior practices that may lead to the virus acquisition. More focuses on educational actions of preventive measures regarding HPV infection should be emphasized, favoring a lower incidence of human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer.

Non-actual controllers and corporate innovation:Evidence from China

As the number of“ownerless”enterprises in China’s capital market increases,so does the importance of paying attention to their behavior.From the perspective of enterprises’control rights allocation,we find that non-actual controllers can inhibit corporate innovation by intensifying agency conflicts,reducing corporate risk-taking and strengthening financing constraints.We also find that a larger proportion of independent directors,higher audit quality,greater managerial ownership and less environmental uncertainty weaken the negative effect of non-actual controllers on corporate innovation.In contrast,multiple large shareholders strengthen the inhibitory effect of nonactual controllers on corporate innovation,but this inhibitory effect comes from over-supervision rather than from collusion.We further divide nonactual controllers into real and hidden types and find that real non-actual controllers still have a significant inhibitory effect on corporate innovation.Finally,we rule out the competitive explanation of equity dispersion,whereby non-actual controllers inhibit corporate innovation.This study enriches the literature on the factors influencing corporate innovation and provides evidence of the adverse impact of non-actual controllers.

Examining export trade and corporate innovation:A multiphase difference-in-differences method

Using a multiphase difference-in-differences model, this study investigates the relationship between export trade and the corporate technological innovation of listed companies. It reveals that engaging in export trade increases corporate innovation input and output. In terms of patent output, export trade greatly promotes the output of invention patents and utility model patents with a high technological content. These conclusions remain valid after a series of robustness and endogeneity tests. Regarding the mechanisms of the observed relationships, export trade stimulates corporate technological innovation mainly by realizing economies of scale and increasing risk-taking. The positive correlation between export trade and corporate technological innovation is strongest among state-owned enterprises, non-high-tech enterprises, enterprises based in central and eastern China, enterprises engaged in general trade, and enterprises exporting to developed economies. Given the growing trade frictions ongoing at the time of writing, the conclusions of this study provide vital practical guidance and empirical evidence for a national strategy of innovation-driven development.