The changes in the annual distribution of mountain runoff during the period of 1965-2018 in Hexi Corridor,Northwest China

The annual distribution characteristics of river runoff in arid regions have significant implications for water resource stability and management.Based on the mountain runoff data from 1965 to 2018,this study examines the annual change characteristics of monthly runoff of the Shiyang River Basin,Heihe River Basin,and Shule River Basin in the Hexi Corridor,Northwest China.Many indexes are used and analyzed,including the coefficient of variance,the complete regulation coefficient,the concentration degree and concentration period,the magnitude of change,the skewness coefficient,and the kurtosis coefficient of the annual distribution curves.The results reveal the following:(1)The inhomogeneity of annual runoff distribution in the Taolai River and the rivers to the west of it,except the Shiyou River,show an increasing trend.Conversely,the inhomogeneity of the rivers to the east of the Taolai River generally show a downward trend,but the coefficient of variance value is still very high.(2)In the Shiyang River Basin,the annual distribution of the concentration period is characterized by a relatively discrete pattern.Conversely,the Heihe River Basin exhibits a relatively concentrated pattern,and the distribution pattern of the Shule River Basin is quite different.Notably,all concentration periods in the three basins have shifted backward after the 2000s.(3)The Shiyang River Basin exhibits disordered annual distribution curves of runoff in different years.In contrast,the Heihe River Basin presents a typical‘single-peak’pattern with a prominent right-skewed.The Shule River Basin has regular distribution curves,with a gradually significant‘double-peak’pattern from east to west.Overall,there has been a slight change in runoff in the Shiyang River Basin,while the Heihe River Basin and Shule River Basin have experienced significant increases in runoff.The annual distribution curves of runoff in the Liyuan River and the rivers to the east of it exhibit a gentle peak pattern,and the appearance probability of extreme runoff during the year is low.Conversely,the rivers to the west of the Liyuan River,excluding the Danghe River,display a sharp peak and thick tail pattern,indicating that the appearance probability of extreme runoff during the year is high.These findings have practical implications for the planning and management of water resources in the Hexi Corridor.Moreover,they provide a solid foundation for predicting future changes in regional water resources.

Analysis on the Variations of Annual Runoff Distribution in the Weihe Basin

With the impact of climate change and the increasing intensity of human activities,the hydrological regime had changed,including annual runoff distribution,which was related with water resources management and ecological construction. Based on the monthly runoff data for more than 40 years of the Beidao,Xianyang,Huaxian station on Weihe Basin,the annual distribution characteristics of runoff were studied. Several indices related to attributes of uneven,concentrate degree and variation amplitude were calculated,and the results showed that there had obvious fresh and drought seasonal changes in 1990s. The annual runoff distribution had changed a lot,mainly because of runoff decrease in the wet season. The Huaxian station,which locates at the upper reaches,had a higher unevenness,concentration and relative variation rate than that of the Beidao and Xianyang station.

Sediment yield and erosion–deposition distribution characteristics in ephemeral gullies in black soil areas under geocell protection

Investigating the effect of geocells on the erosion and deposition distribution of ephemeral gullies in the black soil area of Northeast China can provide a scientific basis for the allocation of soil and water conservation measures in ephemeral gullies.In this study,an artificial simulated confluence test and stereoscopic photogrammetry were used to analyze the distribution characteristics of erosion and deposition in ephemeral gullies protected by geocells and the effect of different confluence flows on the erosion process of ephemeral gullies.Results showed that when the confluence flow was larger,the effect of geocell was more evident,and the protection against ephemeral gully erosion was stronger.When the confluence flow rates were 0.6,1.8,2.4,and 3.0 m^(3)/h,ephemeral gully erosion decreased by 37.84%,26.09%,21.40%,and 35.45%.When the confluence flow rates were 2.4 and 3.0 m^(3)/h,the average sediment yield rate of the ephemeral gully was close to 2.14 kg/(m^(2)•min),and the protective effect of ephemeral gully erosion was enhanced.When the flow rate was higher,the surface fracture of the ephemeral gully was more serious.With an increase in confluence flow rate,the ratio of erosion to deposition increased gradually,the erosion area of ephemeral gullies was expanded,and erosion depth changed minimally.In conclusion,geocell measures changed erosion patterns by altering the rill erosion/deposition ratio,converting erosion from rill erosion to sheet erosion.

Glacier area change and its impact on runoff in the Manas River Basin,Northwest China from 2000 to 2020

Understanding the distribution and dynamics of glaciers is of great significance to the management and allocation of regional water resources and socio-economic development in arid regions of Northwest China.In this study,based on 36 Landsat images,we extracted the glacier boundaries in the Manas River Basin,Northwest China from 2000 to 2020 using eCognition combined with band operation,GIS(geographic information system)spatial overlay techniques,and manual visual interpretation.We further analyzed the distribution and variation characteristics of glacier area,and simulated glacial runoff using a distributed degree-day model to explore the regulation of runoff recharge.The results showed that glacier area in the Manas River Basin as a whole showed a downward trend over the past 21 a,with a decrease of 10.86%and an average change rate of–0.54%/a.With the increase in glacier scale,the number of smaller glaciers decreased exponentially,and the number and area of larger glaciers were relatively stable.Glacier area showed a normal distribution trend of increasing first and then decreasing with elevation.About 97.92%of glaciers were distributed at 3700–4800 m,and 48.11%of glaciers were observed on the northern and northeastern slopes.The retreat rate of glaciers was the fastest(68.82%)at elevations below 3800 m.There was a clear rise in elevation at the end of glaciers.Glaciers at different slope directions showed a rapid melting trend from the western slope to the southern slope then to the northern slope.Glacial runoff in the basin showed a fluctuating upward trend in the past 21 a,with an increase rate of 0.03×10^(8) m^(3)/a.The average annual glacial runoff was 4.80×10^(8) m^(3),of which 33.31%was distributed in the ablation season(June–September).The average annual contribution rate of glacial meltwater to river runoff was 35.40%,and glacial runoff accounted for 45.37%of the total runoff during the ablation season.In addition,precipitation and glacial runoff had complementary regulation patterns for river runoff.The findings can provide a scientific basis for water resource management in the Manas River Basin and other similar arid inland river basins.

Responses of intra-annual runoff to forest recovery patterns in subtropical China

Forest recovery plays a critical role in regulating eco-hydrological processes in forested watersheds.However,characteristics of the intra-annual runoff variation associated with different forest recovery patterns remain poorly understood.In this study,three forest change periods were identified,the baseline period(1961-1985),reforestation period(1986-2000)and fruit tree planting period(2001-2016).We selected the magnitude of seasonal runoff(wet and dry seasons)and distribution characteristics,i.e.,non-uniformity coefficient(C_(v)),complete accommodation coefficient(C_(r)),concentration ratio(C_(n)),concentration period(C_(d)),absolute variation ratio(ΔR)and relative variation ratio(C_(max)).The pair-wise approach evaluated the intra-annual runoff variation characteristics between forest change periods.Results indicate that reforestation decreased wet season runoff and increased dry season runoff.In contrast,fruit tree planting increased wet season runoff and had no significant effect on dry season runoff.For intra-annual runoff distribution characteristics,reforestation significantly reduced the C_(v),C_(r),C_(n)and C_(max).Distribution of the intra-annual runoff in the fruit tree planting period was not significantly different from the baseline.We concluded that reforestation reduced the occurance of extreme water conditions in wet and dry seasons and effectively increased the stability of the intra-annual runoff.In contrast,fruit tree planting increased instability and fluctuation of the intra-annual runoff after reforestation.The characteristics of the intra-annual runoff to fruit tree planting was similar to those of the baseline.Therefore,adopting fruit tree planting practices to regulate intra-annual runoff characteristics may not be a practical approach,and impacts of different reforestation practices should be ascertained in our study region.The implications of this study should guide regional land-water management,and this study adds to the understanding of the impacts gained in forest cover on hydrology.

Impacts of Climate Change on Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Runoff and Sediment Yield in Xixi Watershed of Jinjiang Basin

Based on meteorologic data in Xixi Watershed from 1972 to 1979, the SWAT model was applied to simulate the response of runoff and sediment yield in Xixi Watershed to climate change under 24 kinds of climate change scenarios, and then the spatial and temporal distribution of change rates of the runoff and sediment were analyzed. The results showed that the runoff yield would increase with the increase of precipitation or decrease of temperature, and the sediment yield would increase with the increase of precipitation or increase of temperature; the runoff would be more sensitive to variations in precipitation than to variations in temperature, and precipitation change would lead to more obvious change in the run- off yield; the temporal distribution of change rates of the runoff and sediment yield would be uneven in the 12 months, and the variation trends of the two change rates in the 12 months would be accordant; the spatial distribution of change rates of the runoff and sediment yield would be uneven in the sub-watersheds, and the change rate of the runoff yield would be bigger in the sub-watersheds where the runoff yield in the basic period would be smaller. This study can provide decision-making basis for sustainable development of Jinjiang Basin.

Influence of the ground flora on the variation characteristics of the runoff distribution on red soil slope

In this paper, we use the inter flow area as the research object in the logical science park for soil and water conservation in Jiangxi province; and the Paspalum natatum and its litter cover are used as the ground flora. We discusses and analyses the vertical distribution of runoff so as to provide theoretical support for the wide application of the Paspalum natatum for soil and water conservation in the region of red soil in south China.

Quantitative research of annual runoff distribution characteristics in the Dagujia River basin,Yantai,China

Mann-Kendall method and minimum variance method are used in this study to analyze the mean value variable-point of the runoff data observed by Fushan Hydrological Station in the Dagujia River basin from 1966 to 2004. Based on the results, the runoff time is divided into four periods with the similar hydrological variation character. The annual runoff distribution characters in the Dagujia River basin are discussed by using the non-uniform coefficients, concentration degree and concentration period, variation range, etc. The results indicate that: (1) River runoff is very unevenly distributed throughout the year in Dagujia River. About 90% of runoff is in the period from June to October, while the runoff from November to April of the next year is lower. (2) The annual runoff distribution characters during 1966-1971 are very similar to that of 1982-1996, and the runoff of 1972-1981 is almost similar to that of 1997-2004. (3) The annual runoff distribution characters have changed obviously during 1997-2004 compared with the other periods, which makes it more difficult to exploit and use the water resource in the future.

A distributed runoff model for inland mountainous river basin of Northwest China

In order to predict the futuristic runoff under global warming, and to approach to the effects of vegetation on the ecological environment of the inland river mountainous watershed of Northwest China, the authors use the routine hydrometric data to create a distributed monthly model with some conceptual parameters, coupled with GIS and RS tools and data. The model takes sub-basin as the minimal confluent unit, divides the main soils of the basin into 3 layers, and identifies the vegetation types as forest and pasture. The data used in the model are precipitation, air temperature, runoff, soil weight water content, soil depth, soil bulk density, soil porosity, land cover, etc. The model holds that if the water amount is greater than the water content capacity, there will be surface runoff. The actual evaporation is proportional to the product of the potential evaporation and soil volume water content. The studied basin is Heihe mainstream mountainous basin, with a drainage area of 10,009 km 2 . The data used in this simulation are from Jan. 1980 to Dec. 1995, and the first 10 years' data are used to simulate, while the last 5 years' data are used to calibrate. For the simulation process, the Nash-Sutcliffe Equation, Balance Error and Explained Variance is 0.8681, 5.4008 and 0.8718 respectively, while for the calibration process, 0.8799, -0.5974 and 0.8800 respectively. The model results show that the futuristic runoff of Heihe river basin will increase a little. The snowmelt, glacier meltwater and the evaportranspiration will increase. The air temperature increment will make the permanent snow and glacier area diminish, and the snowline will rise. The vegetation, especially the forest in Heihe mountainous watershed, could lead to the evapotranspiration decrease of the watershed, adjust the runoff process, and increase the soil water content.

基于数值试验的降雨径流过程对不透水面空间分布的响应分析

为解析降雨径流过程对不透水面空间分布的响应关系,构造了一个3 km×3 km的假想试验区域,面向试验区域构建了包含6个不透水率的36种不透水面空间分布,并建立相应的数值试验模型,模拟了重现期分别为2、5、10、20、50、100 a共6种不同重现期短历时设计降雨下的降雨径流过程,基于模拟结果对不同不透水面空间分布情景下的降雨径流过程进行了分析。结果表明:在同一不透水率下,不同不透水面空间分布的径流系数差异相对较小,不透水面空间分布对径流特征的影响主要体现在径流峰值和峰现时间上;在同一降雨条件下,不透水率变化是径流过程变化的主导因素,径流系数与不透水率呈线性相关关系,随着不透水率的增加,径流过程线逐渐由“矮胖”变得“尖瘦”。

长江宜宾-江津段漂流性鱼卵纵向分布特征及与环境因子关系

通过2023年4-7月对长江上游宜宾、合江和江津断面鱼类早期资源的逐日监测,了解漂流性鱼卵种类组成、鱼卵径流量、产卵高峰期及产卵场的纵向分布特征,分析逐日产卵径流量变动与水文、水温条件的关系,明晰不同断面鱼卵径流量峰值出现的流量区间,辨识影响鱼卵径流量变动的关键环境要素。结果表明:共采集到漂流性鱼卵24种,包括长江上游特有鱼类鱼卵8种,其中红唇薄鳅(Leptobotia rubrilabris)、长薄鳅(L.elongata)、长鳍吻鮈(Rhinogobio ventralis)为国家二级保护动物;流经宜宾、合江和江津断面的漂流性鱼卵总径流量分别为729.45×10^(4)、17301.92×10^(4)和76027.44×10^(4)粒,鱼卵总径流量从上游到下游呈明显增加的特征;3个断面鱼卵径流量的高峰期出现在5月下旬以后,其中宜宾断面最早,江津断面次之,合江断面最晚;金沙江一期工程蓄水后,保护区干流江段产卵场的纵向分布特征发生了明显改变,主要产卵场位置下移;流量上涨量、水位上涨量和流量日上涨率是影响3个断面鱼卵径流量变动的最重要因素。研究结果可为长江上游保护区干流鱼类早期资源保护、生态调度等提供科学依据。

沥青道路粗糙度对径流颗粒物冲刷输出特性的影响

采用粗糙度量化沥青道路的表面特征,通过模型模拟、相关性分析等方法分析了道路表面粗糙度对降雨径流颗粒物冲刷输出特性的影响。结果表明:道路粗糙度、降雨强度是影响道路表面径流颗粒物冲刷输出过程的关键因素,道路粗糙度越低、降雨强度越大,道路表面径流颗粒物冲刷效应越强烈、场次降雨径流颗粒物累积冲刷量越大、径流颗粒物冲刷输出总体水平越高;道路粗糙度与降雨强度、径流历时共同影响径流颗粒物粒径分布,道路粗糙度为影响径流颗粒物粒径分布的主导因素,道路粗糙度越低、径流历时越长、降雨强度越大,径流中粒径不小于150μm的颗粒物体积占比越高,粒径小于75μm的颗粒物体积占比越低。

基于NRIHM的分布式水文模型在湿润流域的应用

分布式水文模型是水文模型的发展趋势,南京水文研究所模型(NRIHM)是架构灵活的集总式水文模型,为探索基于NRIHM的分布式水文模型在湿润流域开展水文模拟的可行性与适应性,在湿润地区南大洼—沙河集嵌套流域开展了相关研究。首先基于NRIHM产流模型构建思路构建了一层产流模型与二层产流模型,利用天然试验流域观测成果进行了栅格点尺度的产流模拟验证,对比模拟结果发现二层-抛物线的组合方式模拟效果更优。基于此种产流计算方法,构建了具有二层土壤结构的分布式水文模型,以长江滁河水系沙河集水库以上集水区为研究流域开展应用,率定期和验证期平均确定性系数分别为0.80和0.86,平均洪峰、洪量相对误差也均低于20%,表明该模型能够较好模拟实际径流过程,初步证明了该模型在湿润地区具有较好的适用性。

递增式连续降雨条件下典型山区坡面径流产沙水动力学特征

山区复杂的下垫面条件导致了山区小流域水文响应过程的复杂性,山区坡面作为山区小流域水文响应的基本单元,研究其不同下垫面条件下径流产沙水动力特征具有重要意义。为明晰山区坡面不同下垫面条件下径流水沙水动力特征,该研究选用官山河小流域作为研究对象,基于室内模拟递增式连续降雨试验方法,研究了坡度、土层厚度分布和土层底部透水性等山区坡面下垫面特性共同作用下的坡面径流产沙水动力学特征。结果表明:1)连续降雨条件下,雷诺数、水流剪切力和径流功率随着产流时间和雨强增加呈现增加趋势,Darcy-Weisbach阻力系数呈降低趋势。2)雨强增加使雷诺数均值和径流功率均值显著增加(P<0.05),设计雨强60、90、120 mm/h时的雷诺数均值、径流功率均值分别比30 mm/h的雷诺数均值、径流功率均值增加了130%、276%、366%和171%、328%、435%;坡度增加使水流剪切力均值和径流功率均值显著增加(P<0.05),坡度15°、25°的水流剪切力均值分别比坡度5°的增加了135%和187%,坡度15°、25°的径流功率均值分别比坡度5°的均值增加了224%和357%;土层厚度分布对阻力系数均值和土层底部透水的雷诺数均值、径流功率均值有显著影响(P<0.05),土层底部透水性仅对土层厚度分布为上薄下厚的雷诺数均值和水流剪切力均值有显著影响(P<0.05)。3)雨强是影响坡面产流产沙水动力特征的主导因素,对雷诺数的方差贡献率高达83.11%,水流剪切力主要受到雨强和坡度的影响,累计贡献率达67.64%,径流功率主要受到雨强和坡度的影响,累计贡献率达80.58%。在单一雨强条件下,坡度和土层厚度分布是影响水动力参数的主要因素,土层厚度分布和坡度的交互作用、土层底部透水性和土层厚度分布的交互作用对水动力参数也有一定影响。因此,在研究坡面产流产沙规律时,除考虑雨强和坡度外,还应兼顾考虑土层厚度分布和土层底部透水性及其交互作用的影响。该研究结果可为山区坡面复杂下垫面条件下的坡面产流产沙机理提供一定的理论支撑,并为改进山区小流域水文过程分布式模拟提供参数率定依据。

长江上游凯江流域径流侵蚀功率时空分布与输沙关系

水土流失是长江上游面临的首要生态环境问题,准确把握区域水土流失的规律及其发展趋势是关键。基于SWAT模型和径流侵蚀功率理论,分析了该区域典型流域凯江的径流侵蚀功率时空分布特征及其与输沙的关系。结果表明:径流模拟结果在率定期和验证期基本满足R^(2)>0.85,NSE>0.75,PBIAS<±15%,评价指标均达可信以上程度。2009—2018年径流侵蚀功率年际变化大,在多年尺度上干支流表现出“上游大、下游小”的空间分布特征。另外,多种水沙关系对比分析表明,输沙模数与径流侵蚀功率主要呈幂函数关系。研究成果可为科学治理水土流失和准确预测输沙提供理论依据。

基于SWAT模型的格尔木河上游分布式水文模拟和径流预测

研究格尔木河流域水文循环过程并预测未来流域水资源的变化特征,对地区生态环境保护和下游盐湖矿产资源可持续开发利用具有重要意义。选取格尔木水文站以上区域构建SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)分布式水文模型。采用大气同化数据集为气象驱动,联合区域内纳赤台和格尔木水文站的实测月尺度径流数据进行参数的率定和验证。在率定期和验证期内,纳什效率系数、确定性系数和相对偏差系数均达到了良好的标准,表明SWAT模型在格尔木河高寒山区流域水文过程模拟中具有较好的适用性。研究表明流域降水量偏少,地表径流量、壤中流量与降水量的变化趋势具有较好的一致性,降水量年际变化中蒸散发量为主要消耗量,占40.26%。根据未来气候预测模型RegCM4.6,预测路径浓度RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.53种情景下格尔木河未来40年径流量呈增加趋势。3种情景下的年平均径流量较基准期(2006—2018年)分别增加了7.63%、11.01%、15.96%;随着温室气体排放浓度的增加,径流量呈现出增加趋势,特别是夏秋季增幅较大。短时间内径流量增大可能会引发格尔木市洪涝灾害,破坏盐湖企业生产设施;但若将洪水资源进行调控和利用,不仅防范了洪涝灾害,同时也利于解决盐湖企业日渐增大的用水需求难题。

黄河流域头道拐-龙门区间极端降水时空分布特征及其对径流的影响

全球气候变化背景下极端降水事件频发,研究理解极端降水时空变化特征,明确径流过程的变化规律及影响机制对半干旱-半湿润区水土保持决策具有重要意义。基于头道拐—龙门区间1960—2021年37个气象站点资料以及头道拐、龙门水文站资料,分析区间极端降水时空分布特征以及径流动态变化特征,并使用PLSR模型分析极端降水事件同径流之间的关系。结果表明:1)近60多年来,除持续干旱时间、持续降水时间、最大1日降水量、最大5日降水量之外其余各极端降水指数均呈上升趋势,区间极端降水强度指数上升趋势总体高于极端降水频率指数;2)头道拐—龙门区间多年平均径流量为39.8亿m^(3),自20世纪60年代以来平均变化趋势为-0.947亿m^(3)/a。随时间的推移径流量呈显著减少态势,以1979年为界,区间年径流量从61.9亿m^(3)下降到29.3亿m^(3);3)基于突变前各极端降水指数同区间年径流深所构建的PLSR模型累计解释了年径流总方差的88.4%,年降水总量、强降水总量、极端强降水总量是影响头道拐—龙门区间径流变化的最重要变量,同时进一步定量化分离极端降水和人类活动对区间径流的影响,其中极端降水对于径流变化的贡献率为10.6%。

基于SWAT模型的渠江流域径流侵蚀功率时空规律分析

探明流域径流侵蚀功率的演变规律对重点侵蚀区识别和土壤侵蚀防治至关重要。以嘉陵江右岸支流渠江流域为研究区,基于SWAT模型模拟计算流域径流侵蚀功率,分析其时空分布特征与空间尺度效应,并通过聚类分析、相关性分析揭示其对流域气象、地形、土壤等因素的关系。结果表明:渠江流域年尺度的径流侵蚀功率大于季尺度,其中第3季度为土壤侵蚀重点防治时段;全年和第3季度的多年平均径流侵蚀功率均呈现出北部大南部小、西部大东部小、上游大下游小的空间分布特征;渠江干流与其支流大通江的多年平均径流侵蚀功率和流域控制面积之间均呈幂指数关系,且其变化规律存在空间阈值,在年尺度干流和大通江的阈值面积分别为8549.4和8504.4 km^(2),在第3季度干流和大通江的阈值面积分别为4834.9和6223.5 km^(2);气象因子、地形因子和流域形态因子为渠江流域径流侵蚀功率的主要影响因素。研究结果可为制订渠江流域土壤侵蚀治理方案提供决策依据。

嘉陵江流域旱涝急转演变规律及其对径流影响研究

针对气象旱涝转换对流域径流影响的问题,基于嘉陵江流域逐日降水量和流量数据,采用长、短周期旱涝急转指数方法,揭示了旱涝急转时空分布特征与演变规律,定量评估了径流变化对不同旱涝急转类型的响应程度。结果表明:1977~2022年,嘉陵江流域共发生了8次汛期旱涝急转事件,其中6次发生在2004年及之后;空间上,南部、中部以及西北部地区发生旱涝急转的频率较大,在17%以上;在月尺度上,6~7月发生旱涝急转的频率最大,超过了20%。当汛期发生涝转旱时,北碚、罗渡溪、武胜以及小河坝等站的前半汛期流量相比常年平均增长了57.52%,38.74%,85.50%和99.73%,后半汛期流量相对常年平均偏低了20.82%,49.83%,22.64%和14.53%;而在旱转涝影响下,上述站点前半汛期流量较常年平均减少了31.17%,45.77%,28.83%和26.16%,后半汛期流量较常年分别增长了31.45%,47.17%,24.31%和3.27%;月尺度上也表现出相似规律,表明旱涝急转对嘉陵江径流有着显著影响。研究成果可为梯级水库科学调度、流域水安全保障提供参考。

大汶河流域水文要素时空分布特征研究

大汶河流域是黄河流域下游重要的子流域,为进一步认知流域内水文要素时空分布特征,为该流域的高质量发展提供技术参考。本文通过建立流域SWAT模型,采用戴村坝站、大汶口站和北望站的逐月实测径流进行模型参数率定,对流域内径流量、降水、潜在蒸散发、实际蒸散发、地表径流深及基流这六个水文要素从时间与空间尺度进行定量分析与评价。结果表明,戴村坝、大汶口和北望三站在率定期评价指标R2与NS均大于0.7;验证期R2与NS均大于0.9。时间上,各水文要素在2008~2018年间年际波动较大,潜在蒸散发量以9.52 mm/a的速度显著上升,实际蒸散发量以1.82 mm/a的速度缓慢下降,地表径流深和基流量以5.59 mm/a和5.75 mm/a的速度上升;2009年和2017年,实际蒸散发、地表径流深和基流均出现突变情况,突变点位于95%置信区间内,突变趋势显著。空间上,流域西部降水量为465 mm~515 mm,中东部降水量为565 mm~665 mm,呈自东向西递减的空间格局;流域实际蒸散发量与降水空间相关系数0.41,呈正相关关系,受降水影响出现323 mm~366 mm的西部低蒸发区域;流域地表径流深同时受降水的正向作用与蒸发的负向作用,空间相关系数分别为0.2与-0.2,空间分布趋势不显著。流域水文要素在时空上均表现出不均匀性,各水文要素共同作用于流域水文循环过程,影响着流域水资源的演变。