The regional disparities of socio-economic development in rural Jiangsu Province,China

Since the implementation of reform and open door policy in China, Jiangsu has become one of the provinces which have the highest speed of economic development. With the implementation of the uneven development strategy, Jiangsu has witnessed a widening dichotomy in levels of socio economic development: southeast showing rapid improvement and north showing little improvement, particularly in rural areas. Based on factor analysis, it is argued that foreign investment, agricultural productivity, the character of regional economic structures, and the level of urbanization all contribute in varying ways to the inequalities in levels of socio economic development in different regions of Jiangsu. According to the levels of socio economic development, eleven regions are categorized into three groups.

SPATIAL-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL DISPARITIES OF INTERNET DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA

This paper attempts to summarize the disparities of Internet development in China spatially-temporally. The major objective is to measure the differences between Eastern, Central and Western China. Methods of map presentation, correlation, Lorenz curve, Gini Coefficient and location quotient analysis arc conducted in this study. For convenience, the indicator of regional Internet development is simplified as the number of domain names registered under. CN in each province. The data used are collected from the semi-annual surveys of the Statistical Survey Report on the Intrenet Development in China since 1999. There are several findings: 1) The number of domain names in each province (city) declines gradually from the east to the west. 2) The gap between the highest growth provinces (cities) and the lowest ones is rather large. 3) Although the absolute differences between the eastern, central and western China have been enlarged, the relative differences in each province (city) have remained constant. 4) Provinces (cities) are classified into three types according to location quotient changes, namely, rising type, changeless type and declining type. Compared with industrial and economic growth, Internet sector in the eastern and western China is relatively ascending, while that in the central China is descending. 5) The number of domain names at provincial level is not statistically consistent with GDP.

Influences of the Populus deltoids seedlings treated with exogenous methyl jasmonate on the growth and development of Lymantria dispar larvae

Lyantria dispar larvae were fed with the leaves of Populus deltoids seedlings exposed to methyl jasmonate （MeJA） for 24 h. The growth and development of the larvae were investigated, and phenolics contents in treated leaves including pyrocatechol, caffeic acid, coumarin, fernlic acid and benzoic acid were also surveyed by high-pressure liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Results indicated that approximate digestibility, efficiency of conversion of ingested food, efficiency of conversion of digested food, and weight of the larvae were inhibited obviously, especially from the sixth day, which may result from the increase of total phenolics contents in treated leaves. This result provides strong supports for MeJA acting as the airborne signal molecule between woody plants.

Methods to evaluate the impacts of physio- geographical pattern on spatio-temporal disparity of regional development

With the rapid economic development during the last 30 years in China, more and more disparities have emerged among different regions. It has been one of the hot topics in the fields of physical geography and economic geography, and also has been the task for Chinese government to handle. Nevertheless, to quantitatively assess the impacts of physio-geographical patterns （PGP） on the regional development disparity has been ignored for a long time. In this paper, a quantitative method was adopted to assess the marginal effects of the PGP on spatio-temporal disparity using the partial determination coefficients. The paper described the construction of the evaluation model step by step following its key scientific thinking. Total GDP, per capita GDP, primary industrial output value and secondary industrial output value were employed in this study as the indicators to reflect the impacts of PGP on the regional development disparity. Based on the evaluation methods built by researchers, this study firstly analyzed the temporal impacts of the PGP on spatio-temporal disparity of the regional development in China during the past 50 years, and then explained the spatial differences at each development stage. The results show that the spatio-temporal disparity in China is highly related to the PGP, and that the marginal contribution rate could be employed as an effective way to quantitatively assess the impact of the PGP on spatio-temporal disparity of the regional development.

Urban Rural Disparity in Westernization Related Cancers and the Increasing Incidence in Parallel with Socioeconomic Development and Urbanization from 2000-2015 among a Rural Chinese Population: An Observational Study

Abstract China used to have great urban rural disparity in socioeconomic development. Since the late 1980s, rapid socioeconomic development and urbanization have been taking place in rural settings. It is epidemiologically established that cancer scale and profile will transit as economy prospers and urbanization develops. However, there are few published studies reporting what changes are undergoing in cancer pattern in Chinese rural settings. Population-based tumor registration data collected by us in urban Shijiazhuang city (available for 2,374,827 people in 2012) and in rural Shexian County (available for 408,995 people since 2000) were used for urban rural comparison of age standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of westernization-related cancers in 2012, and the trend of biennial ASIR of these cancers for 2000-2015 in Shexian County was examined following a decade of rapid socioeconomic development and urbanization. From 1988-2015, the Gross Domestic Product per Capita (GDP) in rural Shexian County increased from 860 to 3000 US$, and urbanization rate from 22.4% to 54.8%. The biennial ASIRs of lung, colorectal, gallbladder cancer and leukemia in both sexes, and that of breast, ovary, thyroid, and kidney cancer in women increased significantly from 2000 - 2015. The increase from 2000-2001 to 2014-2015 in man and women for lung cancer was from 15.9 to 34.7 per 105 (P = 0.05) and 9.6 to 16.7 (P = 0.00), for colorectal cancer from 6.6 to 15.9 (P = 0.00) and 4.0 to 11.7 (P = 0.00), for gallbladder cancer from 0.1 to 2.4 (P = 0.00) and 0.3 to 2.7 (P = 0.00), for leukemia from 2.8 to 7.7 (P = 0.00) and 2.3 to 6.2 (P = 0.00);and in women for cancer of breast from 2.8 to 17.3 (P = 0.00), kidney from 0.2 to 2.4 (P = 0.00), ovary from 0.2 to 4.3 (P = 0.00), and thyroid from 0.2 to 4.2 (P = 0.00). Notwithstanding these increases, their ASIRs in 2012 in Shexian County were still significantly lower than that in Shijiazhuang city. Westernization-related cancer is increasing rapidly in rural China. Comprehensive measures are needed to strengthen prevention to ensure sustainable development.

Effect of Digital Economy Development on Rural-Urban Income Disparity: Evidence from China

Promoting income equality between urban and rural residents is one of the main goals of China’s social progress and economic development.It is also a necessary means to achieve“common prosperity.”Digital economy can effectively promote economic development,the adjustment of industry structure and industry upgrading,as well as increase the disposable income of urban and rural residents,which is theoretically beneficial to rural-urban income disparity.An empirical analysis is conducted based on the data of 30 provinces,municipalities,and autonomous regions in China from 2013 to 2020.The findings demonstrate that the growth of digital economy helps lessen rural-urban income disparity and has a significant effect in East China and North China.

Human development index is associated with mortality-to-incidence ratios of gastrointestinal cancers

AIM:To identify the role of human development in the incidence and mortality rates of gastrointestinal cancers worldwide.METHODS:The age-standardized incidence and mortality rates for gastrointestinal cancers,including cancers of the esophagus,stomach,pancreas,liver,gallbladder,and colorectum,were obtained from the GLOBOCAN 2008 database and United States Cancer Statistics(USCS)report.The human development index(HDI)data were calculated according to the 2011 Human Development Report.We estimated the mortality-toincidence ratios(MIRs)at the regional and national levels,and explored the association of the MIR with development levels as measured by the HDI using a modified"drug dose to inhibition response"model.Furthermore,countries were divided into four groups according to the HDI distribution,and the MIRs of the four HDI groups were compared by one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey-Kramer post-hoc test.Statespecific MIRs in the United States were predicted from the estimated HDI using the fitted non-linear model,and were compared with the actual MIRs calculated from data in the USCS report.RESULTS:The worldwide incidence and mortality rates of gastrointestinal cancers were as high as 39.4and 54.9 cases per 100000 individuals,respectively.Linear and non-linear regression analyses revealed an inverse correlation between the MIR of gastrointestinal cancers and the HDI at the regional and national levels(<0;P=0.0028 for regional level and<0.0001 for national level,ANOVA).The MIR differed significantly among the four HDI areas(very high HDI,0.620±0.033;high HDI,0.807±0.018;medium HDI,0.857±0.021;low HDI,0.953±0.011;P<0.001,oneway ANOVA).Prediction of the MIRs for individual United States states using best-fitted non-linear models showed little deviation from the actual MIRs in the United States.Except for 28 data points(9.93%of282),the actual MIRs of all gastrointestinal cancers were mostly located in the prediction intervals via the best-fit non-linear regression models.CONCLUSION:The inverse correlation between HDI and MIR demonstrates that more developed areas have a relatively efficacious healthcare system,resulting in low MIRs,and HDI can be used to estimate the MIR.

A Study on the Multiple Differential Structure of Development in China^s Ethnic Areasand Exploiting the Differentiation and Collaborative Policy—On the New Form of China’s Ethnic Relations and the New System of Ethnic Policies

A fter 60 years of im plem entation, the ethnic regional autonomous policy has provided basic p o litica l support for promoting the common development and prosperity of a ll ethnic groups.

新质生产力发展水平、区域差异与提升路径

2023年9月,习近平总书记在黑龙江省考察调研期间强调了“新质生产力”这一重要概念,新质生产力是创新起主导作用,摆脱传统经济增长方式、生产力发展路径,具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征,符合新发展理念的先进生产力质态。新质生产力的提出具有全新的理论内涵和丰富的现实价值,结合习近平总书记的相关重要论述和当前中国经济发展事实,文章认为新质生产力是一个至少涵盖科技、绿色和数字三大方面的集成体,并基于科技生产力、绿色生产力和数字生产力3个一级指标构建了新质生产力的综合评价体系。文章采用改进的熵权-TOPSIS方法测度了2012—2021年我国30个省级区域的新质生产力水平,测度结果表明,我国新质生产力水平由2012年的0.302 6上升到2021年的0.874 7,年均增速为21%,对应的,科技生产力、绿色生产力和数字生产力的水平也稳步上升。研究发现,针对不同区域,东部地区新质生产力水平不仅增速最快,总量也高于中西部地区,中部地区新质生产力水平高于西部地区,但增速低于西部地区;针对具体省份,新质生产力形成了广东省和江苏省“双雁领航”断层式发展格局,不同省份之间的差距极大,反映了中国新质生产力水平的区域异质性。进一步研究,Kernel密度估计和Markov链分析结果表明,一方面我国省际新质生产力水平的差距有逐渐拉大趋势,但这一趋势主要存在于个别新质生产力发达和落后的省份之间,大部分中间省份差异不明显,且新质生产力发展存在俱乐部趋同现象,新质生产力发达省份之间的趋同现象更为明显;另一方面,新质生产力发展具有明显的空间外溢效应,在与邻近省份的新质生产力水平存在差异的情况下,本省的新质生产力将会受到邻近省份的影响。新质生产力水平的基尼系数计算及其分解结果表明,区域间差异是全国新质生产力发展不平衡的主要原因,也就是说当下导致新质生产力水平差异的主要原因是地区间的发展不平衡。针对上述问题,提升新质生产力的发展路径应该着重从统筹区域联动合作促进平衡发展,加大对新质生产力发展的引导力度,在新质生产力构成的三大指标上进行新部署等方面展开。

中国家庭教育期望的代际偏差与青少年发展

青少年处于身心发展的关键阶段,这一时期的发展与其成年社会经济地位获得密切相关,家庭教育期望既蕴含外部期待,又承担着内部的引导作用,是影响其发展成果的重要因素。家庭教育期望涵盖父代教育期望和子代教育期望,二者承载主体不同,其主要目标和最终结果也会存在一定差异。厘清这种家庭教育期望的代际偏差对青少年发展的影响,对促进青少年发展具有重要意义。因此本文从家庭教育期望的视角出发,利用中国家庭追踪调查数据,在构建青少年发展综合性指标的基础上,根据社会资本理论和自我决定理论的研究框架探讨家庭教育期望代际偏差和青少年发展的关系,并采用线性回归模型和结构方程模型实证分析各类代际偏差对青少年发展的影响效应及其作用机制。研究发现城镇家庭教育期望水平普遍较高,而农村家庭教育期望水平参差不齐,城乡之间存在教育期望的隐性不平等;受制于家庭教育期望低水平和高偏差的束缚,农村家庭的青少年发展处于明显劣势,父母情感缺位进一步加深了其发展困境;家庭教育期望的代际偏差能够显著影响青少年发展,相较父代偏低型,一致偏高型有助于提升其发展水平,而一致偏低型和父代偏高型则呈现出显著的负向作用,且这种负向效应在农村家庭中影响更为深远;父母情感投入和家庭教育投入在家庭教育期望和青少年发展之间发挥了明显的中介作用,其产生的效应因代际偏差类型而异;当父母和子女都具有较高的教育期望时,会更加注重家庭教育和父母情感的双向投入,家庭内部资本更容易有效传递,激发青少年发展潜力;当父代相较子代的教育期望偏高时则无法发挥中介变量的促进作用。这一结果提示在诸如家庭教育指导服务建设的宏观层面中着力均衡父母和子女的教育期望,构建社区赋能、学校联动和家庭教育的多元育人体系,提升农村弱势家庭的教育回报预期并提供必要的教育资源支持,在家庭教育实践的微观层面中注重激发青少年的内在自驱力,在其成长过程中因人制宜、因时制宜地动态调整家庭教育投入和父母情感投入,积极探索多渠道的家庭教育参与方式等将是促进青少年发展的有效途径。

返乡创业质量与农民共同富裕

本文在高质量发展和共同富裕目标背景下,基于2019年和2022年返乡创业企业调查数据,实证检验了返乡创业质量对农民收入的影响及作用机制,进而回答返乡创业高质量发展对实现农民共同富裕的影响。研究发现,返乡创业质量显著提高了农民收入,返乡创业质量每提高1个标准差,农民收入增加1.111%。调节效应表明,营商环境强化了返乡创业质量对农民增收的影响,且这一效应在第三产业和中部、西部地区更强。进一步研究发现,返乡创业质量显著促进了低收入群体增收,并提高其进入中高收入群体的概率,缩小了农民内部收入差距和城乡收入差距。本文结论为全面认识返乡创业行为的影响效应提供新证据,对促进企业高质量发展和实现农民共同富裕具有政策启示。

数字普惠金融发展动因及区域发展差异研究现状与展望

作为传统普惠金融发展的优化产物,数字普惠金融有效突破了传统金融服务的地域限制,降低了金融产品的负担和成本,扩大了普惠金融的服务对象范围,并通过数字技术为融资困难群体提供了便利的金融服务环境。然而,在持续发展过程中,数字普惠金融存在区域差异。因此,对数字普惠金融发展动因、影响以及区域发展差异的研究,有助于因地制宜的完善数字普惠金融数据统计口径、促进数字普惠金融多维度均衡化发展,并进一步推动数字普惠金融区域协调发展,使其在提升区域经济增长、改善民间融资环境、增进民生福祉等方面发挥更大作用。

中国农业农村高质量发展的时空特征、区域差异及影响因素

农业农村高质量发展是新时代中国经济社会高质量发展的基础支撑。采用核密度估计、莫兰指数和Dagum基尼系数分析2006-2020年30个省农业农村高质量发展水平、时空特征及区域差异,并运用地理探测器模型分析影响因素。研究发现:(1)中国农业农村发展质量稳步提升但区域差异显著,东部整体水平最高,西部增长速度最快。(2)空间上正相关性显著,多数省份处于HH区和LL区且无跃迁现象,时间上核密度估计曲线逐渐右移,西部地区省际差异趋于收敛,其余地区内部差异逐渐扩大。(3)基尼系数呈“U”型变化趋势,区域间差异为首要来源,分地区看,东-西部地区间发展差异最大,分维度看,创新及开放发展区域间差异最大。(4)农业农村高质量发展受科技创新、产业结构和金融支农水平等多因素共同影响。

中美两国农业发展差距及政策建议

研究中美两国农业发展现状,查找其现存差距,剖析原因并提出政策建议,以期促进中国农业现代化进程。研究表明,中美两国农业生产的基本情况和生产方式不同,但具有相同的发展趋势。中美两国农业发展差距主要表现在生产成本、规模化、机械化、科技化、产业化、补贴政策、资源和环境保护、对外依赖度8个方面,因此提出积极发展适度规模经营、增强农业装备实力、提升农业科技水平、推进产业融合、健全新型农业经营体系、持续加大农业政策扶持力度、推动农业绿色可持续发展和提升农产品自给能力的政策建议。

Does digitalization mitigate regional inequalities?Evidence from China

Regional inequality significantly influences sustainable development and human well-being.In China,there exists pronounced regional disparities in economic and digital advancements;however,scant research delves into the interplay between them.By analyzing the economic development and digitalization gaps at regional and city levels in China,extending the original Cobb-Douglas production function,this study aims to evaluate the impact of digitalization on China's regional inequality using seemingly unrelated regression.The results indicate a greater emphasis on digital inequality compared to economic disparity,with variable coefficients of 0.59 for GDP per capita and 0.92 for the digitalization index over the past four years.However,GDP per capita demonstrates higher spatial concentration than digitalization.Notably,both disparities have shown a gradual reduction in recent years.The southeastern region of the Hu Huanyong Line exhibits superior levels and rates of economic and digital advancement in contrast to the northwestern region.While digitalization propels economic growth,it yields a nuanced impact on achieving balanced regional development,encompassing both positive and negative facets.Our study highlights that the marginal utility of advancing digitalization is more pronounced in less developed regions,but only if the government invests in the digital infrastructure and education in these areas.This study's methodology can be utilized for subsequent research,and our findings hold the potential to the government's regional investment and policy-making.

两种丛枝菌根真菌定殖青山杨后对舞毒蛾的抗性研究

【目的】研究丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对青山杨抗虫性的影响以及舞毒蛾对AMF定殖青山杨的适应能力,为AMF定殖青山杨后抗虫性的研究提供科学依据。【方法】分别以对照(CK,无AMF定殖)、根内根孢囊霉(GI)或摩西管柄囊霉(GM)定殖的青山杨叶片饲喂舞毒蛾幼虫,统计3、4、5龄幼虫的体重、体长、头壳宽和食物利用率,测定4、5龄幼虫解毒酶酸性磷酸酯酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酯酶(AKP)的活性。【结果】GI组3、4龄幼虫的体重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),5龄与对照组差异不显著,GM组5龄幼虫的体长、体重、头壳宽、食物利用率均显著高于对照组。GI组3龄幼虫取食量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),4、5龄显著低于对照组,GM组5龄显著高于对照组,3、4龄与对照组差异不显著。GI组ACP显著低于对照组(P<0.05),AKP在4龄显著高于对照组,5龄AKP活性显著低于对照组。GM组两种解毒酶活性均显著高于对照组。【结论】GI定殖的青山杨能促进舞毒蛾低龄幼虫的生长,对舞毒蛾老熟幼虫的生长影响不显著。GM定殖青山杨叶片促进了舞毒蛾幼虫的生长发育,提高了食物的利用效率,激发了幼虫体内磷酸酯酶活性,表明舞毒蛾对GM定植的青山杨有更好的适应性。AMF对树木及植食性昆虫的影响具有种类特异性,GI定殖对青山杨的抗虫性的影响呈中性,GM定殖对青山杨的抗舞毒蛾产生负效应。

中国农村区域发展的南北差异及其驱动力分析

基于2010−2019年中国农村区域发展指标的面板数据,分别采用熵权TOPSIS模型、人口加权变异系数双维分解和二次指派程序(QAP)考察中国农村区域发展南北差异的事实特征、结构特征和驱动特征,结果表明中国农村区域发展与中国区域发展演化具有一致性,存在南北差距扩大的发展态势。研究发现:(1)事实特征:中国农村区域发展水平总体向好,但“南强于北”的典型特征和“南快于北”的演进特征进一步凸显;(2)结构特征:一方面,中国农村区域发展地区差距总体有所下降,另一方面,现有差距主要源于北方地区内部差距,但南北间差距对总体差距的贡献显著上升;(3)驱动特征:中国农村区域发展以外源驱动为主,农村区域发展南北差距的驱动力量依次是产业高级化>城镇化>市场化>资源禀赋。

取食不同植物对舞毒蛾幼虫生长发育及生化酶的影响

以垂柳、白桦、雪松、水杉、华山松、元宝枫饲喂舞毒蛾幼虫,研究了不同食料植物对幼虫生长发育和6种酶活性及其基因表达量的影响。结果表明:取食雪松的2龄幼虫的存活率最高为55.32%,发育历期最短为5.41 d;取食垂柳和白桦的存活率分别为41.34%和35.71%,发育历期分别为6.40 d和6.66 d;取食元宝枫、华山松、水杉的幼虫存活率显著低于取食其他3种植物的,且不能完成整个生命史。幼虫取食不同植物后,体内的6种酶活性差异显著,幼虫取食垂柳后的CarE、AChE、POD和CAT活性显著高于取食雪松的,取食雪松个体的GSTs和SOD活性显著高于取食垂柳的个体。GST、SOD活性与幼虫的存活率和发育历期呈正相关;CarE、AChE、POD、CAT活性与幼虫的体质量、头宽和体长呈正相关。取食垂柳个体的LdAChE、LdCAT的相对表达量极显著高于取食雪松的个体,LdPOD的相对表达量显著高于取食雪松的个体,取食雪松个体的LdS-OD表达量极显著高于取食垂柳的个体。舞毒蛾幼虫能够随着取食植物种类的不同调整其体内的生化酶活性及酶基因的表达水平,以满足其生长发育的需要。

中国经济创新发展评价指数研究

创新是推动经济社会发展的主要动力,也是提高综合国力的关键支撑。2022年中国经济创新发展总指数为34.33,与2013年相比增长了47.60%,年均增长率4.4%。二级指标中,制度与环境指数从6.42提高到8.96,资源与投入指数从3.80提高到6.38,产出与效益指数从13.03提高到18.99。从各地区的情况来看,经济发达地区的创新发展指数总体高于经济欠发达地区,而且在制度与环境、资源与投入、产出与效益上,发达地区与欠发达地区并未呈现明显的收敛趋势。未来推进创新发展,应进一步坚持科技创新和制度创新“双轮”驱动,发挥新型举国体制的作用,为创新发展营造更好的政策制度环境。同时,应加强基础研究,加快构建高质量区域创新体系,缩小区域之间的创新发展差距。

数据要素市场发展赋能产业结构升级的实证检验

在高质量发展背景下,产业结构转型升级是经济改革的关键,而数据要素市场发展则是激活数据潜能、推动产业结构升级的重要路径。文章采用基于遗传算法的投影寻踪模型对中国30个省份2017-2021年数据要素市场发展水平进行测度,并建立门槛模型分析数据要素市场发展与产业结构升级的非线性关系,运用空间计量模型分析二者的空间溢出效应。结果表明:2017-2021年数据要素市场发展迅猛,但省际差异较大,仍存在较大发展空间;数据要素市场发展对产业结构升级有显著的促进作用;当地区技术创新能力超过一定水平时,数据要素市场发展的赋能作用更加显著;较大的经济差距阻碍了地区间数据要素市场发展的交流,进而削弱了数据要素市场发展对周边地区产业结构升级的溢出效应。