Subcutaneous fat(SCF)and intramuscular fat(IMF)deposition is relevant to health in humans,as well as meat production and quality in pigs.In this study,we generated RNA sequence data for 122 SCF,120 IMF,and 87 longissi...Subcutaneous fat(SCF)and intramuscular fat(IMF)deposition is relevant to health in humans,as well as meat production and quality in pigs.In this study,we generated RNA sequence data for 122 SCF,120 IMF,and 87 longissimus dorsi muscle(LDM)samples using 155 F6 pigs from a specially designed heterogeneous population generated by intercrossing four highly selected European commercial breeds and four indigenous Chinese pig breeds.The phenotypes including waist back fat thickness and intramuscular fat content were also measured in the 155 F6 pigs.We found that the genes in SCF and IMF differed largely in both expression levels and network connectivity,and highlighted network modules that exhibited strongest gain of connectivity in SCF and IMF,containing genes that were associated with the immune process and DNA double-strand repair,respectively.We identified 215 SCF genes related to kinase inhibitor activity,mitochondrial fission,and angiogenesis,and 90 IMF genes related to lipolysis and fat cell differentiation,displayed a tissue-specific association with back fat thickness and IMF content,respectively.We found that cis-expression QTL for trait-associated genes in the two adipose tissues tended to have tissuedependent predictability for the two adipose traits.Alternative splicing of genes was also found to be associated with SCF or IMF deposition,but the association was much less extensive than that based on expression levels.This study provides a better understanding of SCF and IMF gene transcription and network organization and identified critical genes and network modules that displayed tissue-specific associations with subcutaneous and intramuscular fat deposition.These features are helpful for designing breeding programs to genetically improve the two adipose traits in a balanced way.展开更多
Summary: Abnormal cholesterol metabolism is associated with an elevated risk of developing athero- sclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes etc. Na+/K+-ATPase was found to regulate cholesterol synthesis, distribution ...Summary: Abnormal cholesterol metabolism is associated with an elevated risk of developing athero- sclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes etc. Na+/K+-ATPase was found to regulate cholesterol synthesis, distribution and trafficking. This study aimed to examine the effect of high-fat diet on cholesterol me- tabolism in rats and the role of Na+/K+-ATPase/Src/ERK signaling pathway in the process. Forty male SD rats were evenly divided into high-fat diet group and control group at random. Animals in the former group were fed on high-fat diet for 12 weeks, and those fed on basic diet served as control. Blood lipids, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein-cholesteral (LDL-C) levels, were detected at 3, 6 and 12 weeks. The ratio of cholesterol content in cytoplasm to that in cell membrane was detected in liver tissues. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to measure the expression of lipid metabolism-associated genes (HMG-CoA reductase and SREBP-2) after 12-week high-fat diet. Na+/K+-ATPase/Src/ERK signaling path- way-related components (Na+/K+-ATPase ctl, Src-PY418 and pERK1/2) were also measured by West- ern blotting. The results showed that the serum TC, TG, and LDL-C levels were significantly higher in high-fat diet group than those in control group, while the HDL-C level was significantly lower in high-fat diet group at 6 weeks (P〈0.01). High-fat diet led to an increase in the cholesterol content in the cytoplasm and cell membrane. The ratio of cholesterol content in cytoplasm to that in cell membrane was elevated over time. The expression of HMG-CoA reductase and SREBP-2 was significantly sup- pressed at mRNA and protein levels after 12-week high-fat diet (P〈0.05). Moreover, high-fat diet pro- moted the expression of Na+/K+-ATPase α1 but suppressed the phosphorylation of Src-PY418 and ERK1/2 at 12 weeks (P〈0.05). It was concluded that high-fat diet regulates cholesterol metabolism, and Na+/K+-ATPase signaling pathway is involved in the process possibly by regulating the expression of lipid metabolism-associated proteins HMG-CoA reductase and SREBP-2.展开更多
In modern pig breeding programs,growth and fatness are vital economic traits that significantly influence porcine production.To identify underlying variants and candidate genes associated with growth and fatness trait...In modern pig breeding programs,growth and fatness are vital economic traits that significantly influence porcine production.To identify underlying variants and candidate genes associated with growth and fatness traits,a total of 1067 genotyped Duroc pigs with de-regressed estimated breeding values(DEBV)records were analyzed in a genome wide association study(GWAS)by using a single marker regression model.In total,28 potential single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)were associated with these traits of interest.Moreover,VPS4 B,PHLPP1,and some other genes were highlighted as functionally plausible candidate genes that compose the underlying genetic architecture of porcine growth and fatness traits.Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the genetic architectures underlying swine growth and fatness traits that can be potentially used in pig breeding programs.展开更多
Background Dietary fat is important for energy provision and immune function of lactating sows and their progeny.However,knowledge on the impact of fat on mammary transcription of lipogenic genes,de novo fat synthesis...Background Dietary fat is important for energy provision and immune function of lactating sows and their progeny.However,knowledge on the impact of fat on mammary transcription of lipogenic genes,de novo fat synthesis,and milk fatty acid(FA)output is sparse in sows.This study aimed to evaluate impacts of dietary fat levels and FA composition on these traits in sows.Forty second-parity sows(Danish Landrace×Yorkshire)were assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments from d 108 of gestation until weaning(d 28 of lactation):low-fat control diet(3%added animal fat);or 1 of 4 high-fat diets with 8%added fat:coconut oil(CO),fish oil(FO),sunflower oil(SO),or 4%octanoic acid plus 4%FO(OFO).Three approaches were taken to estimate de novo milk fat synthesis from glucose and body fat.Results Daily intake of FA was lowest in low-fat sows within fat levels(P<0.01)and in OFO and FO sows within highfat diets(P<0.01).Daily milk outputs of fat,FA,energy,and FA-derived carbon reflected to a large extent the intake of those.On average,estimates for de novo fat synthesis were 82 or 194 g/d from glucose according to method 1 or 2 and 255 g de novo+mobilized FA/d according to method 3.The low-fat diet increased mammary FAS expression(P<0.05)and de novo fat synthesis(method 1;P=0.13)within fat levels.The OFO diet increased de novo fat synthesis(method 1;P<0.05)and numerically upregulated mammary FAS expression compared to the other high-fat diets.Across diets,a daily intake of 440 g digestible FA minimized milk fat originating from glucose and mobilized body fat.Conclusions Sows fed diets with low-fat or octanoic acid,through upregulating FAS expression,increased mammary de novo fat synthesis whereas the milk FA output remained low in sows fed the low-fat diet or high-fat OFO or FO diets,indicating that dietary FA intake,dietary fat level,and body fat mobilization in concert determine de novo fat synthesis,amount and profiles of FA in milk.展开更多
基金supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Subcutaneous fat(SCF)and intramuscular fat(IMF)deposition is relevant to health in humans,as well as meat production and quality in pigs.In this study,we generated RNA sequence data for 122 SCF,120 IMF,and 87 longissimus dorsi muscle(LDM)samples using 155 F6 pigs from a specially designed heterogeneous population generated by intercrossing four highly selected European commercial breeds and four indigenous Chinese pig breeds.The phenotypes including waist back fat thickness and intramuscular fat content were also measured in the 155 F6 pigs.We found that the genes in SCF and IMF differed largely in both expression levels and network connectivity,and highlighted network modules that exhibited strongest gain of connectivity in SCF and IMF,containing genes that were associated with the immune process and DNA double-strand repair,respectively.We identified 215 SCF genes related to kinase inhibitor activity,mitochondrial fission,and angiogenesis,and 90 IMF genes related to lipolysis and fat cell differentiation,displayed a tissue-specific association with back fat thickness and IMF content,respectively.We found that cis-expression QTL for trait-associated genes in the two adipose tissues tended to have tissuedependent predictability for the two adipose traits.Alternative splicing of genes was also found to be associated with SCF or IMF deposition,but the association was much less extensive than that based on expression levels.This study provides a better understanding of SCF and IMF gene transcription and network organization and identified critical genes and network modules that displayed tissue-specific associations with subcutaneous and intramuscular fat deposition.These features are helpful for designing breeding programs to genetically improve the two adipose traits in a balanced way.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81200637)
文摘Summary: Abnormal cholesterol metabolism is associated with an elevated risk of developing athero- sclerosis, hypertension, and diabetes etc. Na+/K+-ATPase was found to regulate cholesterol synthesis, distribution and trafficking. This study aimed to examine the effect of high-fat diet on cholesterol me- tabolism in rats and the role of Na+/K+-ATPase/Src/ERK signaling pathway in the process. Forty male SD rats were evenly divided into high-fat diet group and control group at random. Animals in the former group were fed on high-fat diet for 12 weeks, and those fed on basic diet served as control. Blood lipids, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein-cholesteral (LDL-C) levels, were detected at 3, 6 and 12 weeks. The ratio of cholesterol content in cytoplasm to that in cell membrane was detected in liver tissues. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to measure the expression of lipid metabolism-associated genes (HMG-CoA reductase and SREBP-2) after 12-week high-fat diet. Na+/K+-ATPase/Src/ERK signaling path- way-related components (Na+/K+-ATPase ctl, Src-PY418 and pERK1/2) were also measured by West- ern blotting. The results showed that the serum TC, TG, and LDL-C levels were significantly higher in high-fat diet group than those in control group, while the HDL-C level was significantly lower in high-fat diet group at 6 weeks (P〈0.01). High-fat diet led to an increase in the cholesterol content in the cytoplasm and cell membrane. The ratio of cholesterol content in cytoplasm to that in cell membrane was elevated over time. The expression of HMG-CoA reductase and SREBP-2 was significantly sup- pressed at mRNA and protein levels after 12-week high-fat diet (P〈0.05). Moreover, high-fat diet pro- moted the expression of Na+/K+-ATPase α1 but suppressed the phosphorylation of Src-PY418 and ERK1/2 at 12 weeks (P〈0.05). It was concluded that high-fat diet regulates cholesterol metabolism, and Na+/K+-ATPase signaling pathway is involved in the process possibly by regulating the expression of lipid metabolism-associated proteins HMG-CoA reductase and SREBP-2.
基金the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-35)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772556)the Key R&D Program of Guangdong Province,China(2018B020203002)。
文摘In modern pig breeding programs,growth and fatness are vital economic traits that significantly influence porcine production.To identify underlying variants and candidate genes associated with growth and fatness traits,a total of 1067 genotyped Duroc pigs with de-regressed estimated breeding values(DEBV)records were analyzed in a genome wide association study(GWAS)by using a single marker regression model.In total,28 potential single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)were associated with these traits of interest.Moreover,VPS4 B,PHLPP1,and some other genes were highlighted as functionally plausible candidate genes that compose the underlying genetic architecture of porcine growth and fatness traits.Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the genetic architectures underlying swine growth and fatness traits that can be potentially used in pig breeding programs.
基金Financially supported by the Danish Council for Independent Research,Technology and Production Sciences (Copenhagen K,Denmark)。
文摘Background Dietary fat is important for energy provision and immune function of lactating sows and their progeny.However,knowledge on the impact of fat on mammary transcription of lipogenic genes,de novo fat synthesis,and milk fatty acid(FA)output is sparse in sows.This study aimed to evaluate impacts of dietary fat levels and FA composition on these traits in sows.Forty second-parity sows(Danish Landrace×Yorkshire)were assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments from d 108 of gestation until weaning(d 28 of lactation):low-fat control diet(3%added animal fat);or 1 of 4 high-fat diets with 8%added fat:coconut oil(CO),fish oil(FO),sunflower oil(SO),or 4%octanoic acid plus 4%FO(OFO).Three approaches were taken to estimate de novo milk fat synthesis from glucose and body fat.Results Daily intake of FA was lowest in low-fat sows within fat levels(P<0.01)and in OFO and FO sows within highfat diets(P<0.01).Daily milk outputs of fat,FA,energy,and FA-derived carbon reflected to a large extent the intake of those.On average,estimates for de novo fat synthesis were 82 or 194 g/d from glucose according to method 1 or 2 and 255 g de novo+mobilized FA/d according to method 3.The low-fat diet increased mammary FAS expression(P<0.05)and de novo fat synthesis(method 1;P=0.13)within fat levels.The OFO diet increased de novo fat synthesis(method 1;P<0.05)and numerically upregulated mammary FAS expression compared to the other high-fat diets.Across diets,a daily intake of 440 g digestible FA minimized milk fat originating from glucose and mobilized body fat.Conclusions Sows fed diets with low-fat or octanoic acid,through upregulating FAS expression,increased mammary de novo fat synthesis whereas the milk FA output remained low in sows fed the low-fat diet or high-fat OFO or FO diets,indicating that dietary FA intake,dietary fat level,and body fat mobilization in concert determine de novo fat synthesis,amount and profiles of FA in milk.