Hepatitis B Surface Antigen and Hepatitis C Virus Antibodies among Drug Users in Burkina Faso

Introduction: The epidemiology of both hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among drug users (DUs) is little known in West Africa. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses among drug users in Burkina Faso. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional biological and behavioral survey conducted between June and August 2022, among drug users in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso, the two main cities of Burkina Faso. A respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used to recruit drug users. Hepatitis B surface antigen was determined using lateral flow rapid test kits and antibodies to hepatitis C virus in serum determined using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Data were entered and analyzed using Stata 17 software. Weighted binary logistic regression was used to identify the associated factors of hepatitis B and C infections and a p-value Results: A total of 323 drug users were recruited with 97.5% males. The mean age was 32.7 years old. The inhaled or smoked mode was the most used by drug users. The adjusted hepatitis B and hepatitis C prevalence among study participants were 11.1% and 2.3% respectively. The marital status (p = 0.001), and the nationality (p = 0.011) were significantly associated with hepatitis B infection. The type of drug used was not significantly associated with hepatitis B infection or hepatitis C infection. Conclusion: The prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies among DUs are comparable to those reported in the general population in Burkina Faso. This result suggests that the main routes of contamination by HBV and HCV among DUs are similar to those in the population, and could be explained by the low use of the injectable route by DUs in Burkina Faso.

Prevalence of hepatitis C infection among intravenous drug users in Shanghai

AIM:To characterize the prevalence of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection among Chinese intravenous drug users(IDUs).METHODS:A total of 432 adult IDUs(95 women and337 men)in Shanghai were included in the study.The third-generation Elecsys Anti-HCV assay(Roche Diagnostics GmbH,Sandhofer Strasse 116,D-68305,Mannheim,Germany)was used to screen for antibodies against HCV.The RIBA strip,a supplemental antiHCV test with high specificity,was performed on all of the samples that tested positive during the initial screening.All of the anti-HCV positive samples were analyzed with a Cobas TaqMan 48 Analyzer(Roche Diagnostics)for direct detection of HCV RNA.All of the HCV RNA-positive samples were sequenced for genotype determination.RESULTS:The preliminary screening identified 262(60.6%)subjects who were seropositive for HCV.Of the 62 females and 200 males seropositive subjects,16(16.7%)and 65(19.3%),respectively,were confirmed by RIBA,yielding an overall HCV seropositive rate of18.8%.Four female(6.5%)and 14 male(7.0%)subjects tested positive for HCV RNA,indicating an active infection rate of 4.2%for the entire study population.The 18 HCV RNA-positive serum samples were genotyped.Seven individuals were genotype 1b,and four were genotype 1a.One individual each was infected with genotypes 2a,2b and 3a.Four subjects were coinfected with multiple strains:two with genotypes 1a and 2a,and two with genotypes 1b and 2a.The active infection rate among HCV-seropositive individuals was22.2%,which was significantly lower than most estimates.CONCLUSION:The prevalence of HCV is relatively low among IDUs in Shanghai,with a spontaneous recovery rate much higher than previous estimates.

Epidemiology of Hepatitis B,C,D and G Viruses and Cytokine Levels among Intravenous Drug Users

To investigate the features of various hepatitis virus infection in intravenous drug users （IVDU）, we conducted an epidemiological survey of hepatitis viruses including hepatitis B virus （HBV）, hepatitis C virus （HCV）, hepatitis D virus （HDV） and hepatitis G virus （HGV） in IVDU. The correlation of Tn lymphocyte cytokine and hepatitis virus infection was examined. A. study population of 406 IVDU consisted of 383 males and 23 females. HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA were detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBc, anti-HCV, HDV-Ag and anti-HGV were assayed by ELISA. The levels of cytokines of TH1 and TH2 were measured by ELISA. The similar indices taken from 102 healthy persons served as controls. The infection rate of each virus among IVDU was 36.45% for HBV, 69. 7 % for HCV, 2.22 % for HDV, and 1.97 % for HGV, respectively. The co-infection rate of HBV and HCV was detected in 113 of 406 （27. 83 %）. In contrast, among controls, the infection rate was 17.65% for HBV and 0% for the other hepatitis viruses. The levels of PHA-induced cytokines （IFN-γ and IL-4） and the level of serum IL-2 were obviously decreased in IVDU. On the other hand, the level of serum IL-4 was increased. The IFN-γ level was continuously decreased when the IVDU was infected with HBV/HCV. In conclusion, HBV and HCV infection were common in this population of IVDU and they had led to a high incidence of impaired TH 1 cytokine levels.

Study on the blood-borne virus co-infection and T lymphocyte subset among intravenous drug users

AIM： To investigate the features of various blood- borne virus infections and co-infection in intravenous drug users （IDUs）, and to examine the correlation of T lymphocyte subsets with virus co-infection. METHODS： Four hundred and six IDUs without any clinical manifestation of hepatitis and 102 healthy persons were enrolled in this study. HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBc, anti-HCV, HDV-Ag, anti-HGV, anti-HIV, and HCMV-IgM were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and immunochromatographic tests. The levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines were measured by ELISA and radioactive immune assay （RIA）. The T lymphocyte subpopulation was detected by using fluorescence immunoassay. The similar indices taken from the healthy persons served as controls. RESULTS： The viral infection rate among IDUs was 36.45% for HBV, 69.7% for HCV, 47.3% for HIV, 2.22% for HDV, 1.97% for HGV, and 3.45% for HCMV. The co- infection rate of blood-borne virus was detected in 255 of 406 （62.81%） IDUs. More than 80% （161/192） of subjects infected with HIV were co-infected with the other viruses, such as HBV, HCV. In contrast, among the controls, the infection rate was 17.65% for HBV and 0% for the other viruses. Our investigation showed that there was a profound decrease in the proportion of CD4/CD8 and the percentage of CD3 and CD4, but not in the percentage of CD8. The levels of PHA-induced cytokines （IFN-γ and IL-4） and serum IL-2 were obviously decreased in IDUs. On the other hand, the level of serum IL-4 was increased. The level of IFN-γ and the percentage of CD4 were continuously decreased when the IDUs were infected with HIV or HIV co-infection. IDUs with HIV and HBV co-infection was 15.1% （29/192）. Of those 29 IDU with HIV and HBV co-infection, 51.72% （15/29） and 37.93% （11/29） were HBV-DNA-positive and HBeAg-positive, respectively. But, among IDUs without HIV infection, only 1.68% （2/119） of cases were HBV- DNA-positive.CONCLUSION： HCV, HBV and HIV infections are common in this population of IDU, leading to a high incidence of impaired Thl cytokine levels and CD4 lymphocyte. IDUs with HIV and HBV/HCV co-infection have lower expression of Th1 cytokine with enhancement of the Th2 response. HIV may be causing HBV replication by decreasing Thl function.

Survey of HIV Infection among Injection Drug Users in Guangdong, China

Objective： To understand the prevalence and behavioral risk factors of HIV infection among injection drug users in the Pearl River Delta Region （PRDR） of Guangdong province, and to provide evidence for establishing effective intervention strategies. Methods： Face to face interviews were conducted and serum samples from injection drug users from detoxification centers and the community were collected for HIV screening. Results： 655 drug users were recruited and interviewed. The HIV seropositive rate was 29.0%. 99.5 % of subjects were injection drug users （IDUs）, of whom,75.4% reported sharing injection equipment. Conclusion： HIV prevalence among injection drug users is high in the PRDR of Guangdong. Injection drug use is the principal behavioral risk factor for HIV transmission. Pragmatic harm reduction programs should be implemented to prevent the spread of HIV infection.

Different types of drug abusers prefrontal cortex activation patterns and based on machine-learning classification

Drug addiction can cause abnormal brain activation changes,which are the root cause of drug craving and brain function errors.This study enrolled drug abusers to determine the effects of different drugs on brain activation.A functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)device was used for the research.This study was designed with an experimental paradigm that included the induction of resting and drug addiction cravings.We collected the fNIRS data of 30 drug users,including 10 who used heroin,10 who used Methamphetamine,and 10 who used mixed drugs.First,using Statistical Analysis,the study analyzed the activations of eight functional areas of the left and right hemispheres of the prefrontal cortex of drug addicts who respectively used heroin,Methamphetamine,and mixed drugs,including Left/Right-Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(L/R-DLPFC),Left/Right-Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex(L/R-VLPFC),Left/Right-Fronto-polar prefrontal cortex(L/R-FPC),and Left/Right Orbitofrontal Cortex(L/R-OFC).Second,referencing the degrees of activation of oxyhaemoglobin concentration(HbO2),the study made an analysis and got the specific activation patterns of each group of the addicts.Finally,after taking out data which are related to the addicts who recorded high degrees of activation among the three groups of addicts,and which had the same channel numbers,the paper classified the different drug abusers using the data as the input data for Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs).The average three-class accuracy is 67.13%.It is of great significance for the analysis of brain function errors and personalized rehabilitation.

Analysis of Detecting HIV-1 Antibody in Paired Urine and Serum Specimens from Drug Users by ELISA

Objective- To compare the consistency of the results from detecting HIV-1 antibody in the paired urine and serum specimens from drug users by ELISA. Methods: The paired urine and serum specimens from 273 drug users detained at a detoxification unit were collected, and the HIV-1 antibodies in the specimens of them were screened by urine and serum ELISA kits, respectively. Results: Of 273 serum specimens, 94 ones showed positive reaction and among 94 counterpart urine specimens, 93 ones also appeared positive reaction. Taking the results together,the consistent rate of HIV-1 antibody screened by urine and serum ELISA kits was 99.6%. Conclusion: The urine ELISA kit, which screened HIV-1 antibody of urine showing almost the same results tested by serum ELISA kit, is reliable. It is proposed that urine ELISA be introduced in many fields.

Actors of Psychoactive Drug Initiation among Adolescents in Yaoundé-Cameroon

Introduction: Actors of psychoactive drug initiation refer to those who introduce others to psychoactive drug use (initiators) and those who are introduced to psychoactive drugs (users). By identifying their features, better prevention and intervention programs can be developed to reduce psychoactive drug use among adolescents. This article describes the role of actors of psychoactive drug initiation among teenagers in secondary schools in Yaoundé (Cameroon). Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out in twelve secondary schools in Yaoundé from October 2022 to May 2023. Adolescents from Form four to upper sixth, who assented to participate in the study and received parental consent were included. Data were collected in a structured self-reported questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 23. Quantitative variables were expressed using means, standard deviations, median and interquartile ranges depending on the distribution of data. Qualitative variables were expressed in the form of frequency and percentages. Results: Drug use was more prevalent among male adolescents (55.3%) from nuclear families (91.4%) who received relatively high pocket money. The main sources of drug exposure were non-family members (49.7%), especially friends outside school. The most frequent place of initiation was snack bars (33.1%). Conclusion: The study revealed the importance of the family, friends and leisure places in the initiation process of drug use in teenagers. Based on these results, parents and school authorities should work together to create a safe and supportive environment that fosters communication, education to prevent drug abuse among adolescents in Yaoundé.

Hepatitis C in injection drug users: It is time to treat

Injection drug users(IDUs)are at risk of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection,due to needle and syringe sharing.Chronic HCV infection is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality but can be cured with antiviral treatment leading to sustained viral response(SVR).It is well demonstrated that,when close cooperation between specialists in drug addiction and psychiatrists is assured,patients on maintenance treatment with methadone/buprenorphine can be treated for HCV with response rate,tolerability and side effects similar to those reported in non-IDUs.Current guidelines recommend that active injection drug use should not exclude patients from HCV treatment,but many services remain reluctant to treat IDUs.No significant pharmacodynamic interactions were reported between approved direct anti-viral agents(DAAs)and buprenorphine or methadone.Dose adjustments are not recommended;therefore DAAs appear to be the"perfect"therapy for patients taking opiate substitutive therapy.These suggestions have been recently recognized by the European Association for the Study of the Liver(EASL)and included in EASL Recommendations on Treatment of Hepatitis C 2016.Guidelines confirm that HCV treatment for IDUs should be considered on an individualized basis and delivered within a multidisciplinary team setting;a history of intravenous drug use and recent drug use at treatment initiation are not associated with reduced SVR and decisions to treat must be made on a case-by-case basis.

Effects of drug relief hospital-based AIDS educational methods on drug users

The objective of this study is to explore a potentially effective training method for the hospital professionals to educate drug users and to enhance their knowledge of HIV infection. One hundred and sixty one subjects, who came from 13 different provinces and were admitted in a drug relief hospital in Beijing, were recruited for this study. The average age of these subjects was 35.21±6.24 year old. The average numbers of years for drug addiction were 7 years, and the average numbers of drug relief treatment received in the past was 5.5 times. The level of AIDS knowledge of these subjects, including pathogenic factors, source of infection, route of transmission and preventive measures, were evaluated before and after receiving the AIDS educational training to these drug users. Our results showed that there was a statistically significant increase (P<0.01) in the knowledge of HIV infection and prevention among these subjects. Positive attitude and behavioral tendencies toward HIV prevention were also improved. Therefore, it is imperative for the medical professionals to incorporate AIDS education into drug relief treatment to achieve the maximum effect on the knowledge of AIDS and improvement of positive attitudes and behaviors toward HIV prevention among drug users.

Topological and Historical Considerations for Infectious Disease Transmission among Injecting Drug Users in Bushwick, Brooklyn (USA)

Recent interest by physicists in social networks and disease transmission factors has prompted debate over the topology of degree distributions in sexual networks. Social network researchers have been critical of “scale-free” Barabasi-Albert approaches, and largely rejected the preferential attachment, “rich-get-richer” assumptions that underlie that model. Instead, research on sexual networks has pointed to the importance of homophily and local sexual norms in dictating degree distributions, and thus disease transmission thresholds. Injecting Drug User (IDU) network topologies may differ from the emerging models of sexual networks, however. Degree distribution analysis of a Brooklyn, NY, IDU network indicates a different topology than the spanning tree configurations discussed for sexual networks, instead featuring comparatively short cycles and high concurrency. Our findings suggest that IDU networks do in some ways conform to a “scale-free” topology, and thus may represent “reservoirs” of potential infection despite seemingly low transmission thresholds.

Exogenous Endophthalmitis Due to Illicit Drug Injection in an I.V. Drug User

Background: Drug abuse could cause complications;infection and overdose are the most prevalent of them. Unreliable history of addicted patients also makes the diagnosis difficult and leads to delayed treatment and poor prognosis. Early recognition and prompt treatment are required to minimize the destructive damage. To our knowledge, there is not any previous report of bilateral eye injection among drug abusers, causing traumatic endophthalmitis in the English literature and our report helps ophthalmologists to think about rare sources of endophthalmitis. Aim: The aim is to emphasize the importance of considering exogenous endophthalmitis in I.V. drug users who abuse drugs. Methods: A 40-year-old I.V. drug user man was referred complaining a history of the pain, redness and impaired vision of both eyes from three days ago. Perilimbal injection and anterior chamber cellular reaction were present in both eyes. Both corneas were hazy;corneal edema, abscess, sealed corneal lacerations and dull red reflex were visible in both eyes. Results: After an ultrasonography based on the suspicion of endophthalmitis, anterior chamber and vitreous aspiration and intravitreal injection of vancomycin 1 mg and ceftazidime 2.25 mg were performed. The right eye rapidly deteriorated and was eviscerated two days later and the left eye had a good response to medications. Conclusion: This report illustrates that the orbit can be a potential site of drug injection and endophthalmitis should be considered in individuals who abuse drugs.

Estimating the Size of an Injecting Drug User Population

This article describes a sampling and estimation scheme for estimating the size of an injecting drug user (IDU) population by combining classical sampling and respondent-driven sampling procedures. It is designed to use the information from harm reduction programs, especially, Needle Exchange Programs (NEPs). The approach involves using respondent-driven sampling design to collect a sample of injecting drug users who appear at site of NEP in a certain period of time and to obtain retrospective self-report data on the number of friends among the IDUs and number of needles exchanged for each sampled injecting drug user. A methodology is developed to estimate the size of injecting drug users who have ever used the NEP during the fixed period of time, and which allows us to estimate the proportion of injecting drug users in using NEP. The size of the IDU population is estimated by dividing the total number of IDUs who using NEPs during the period of time by the estimated proportion of IDUs in the group. The technique holds promise for providing data needed to answer questions such as “What is the size of an IDU population in a city?” and “Is that size changing?” and better understand the dynamics of the IDU population. The methodology described here can also be used to estimate size of other hard-to-reach population by using information from harm reduction programs.

Prevalence of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus among intravenous drug users： a systematic review and meta-analysis

Intravenous drug users(IDUs) have been demonstrated to be highly vulnerable to HIV/AIDS.Nevertheless, the prevalence of Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus(KSHV), an important co-infected agent with HIV, among this population remained obscure. We conducted a systematic review on the epidemiological features of KSHV among IDUs worldwide. Eligible studies were retrieved from 6 electronic databases(Pub Med, EMBASE, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI and Wanfang).We calculated the pooled prevalence and 95% confidence interval(CI) overall and among subgroups using either random-effects model or fixed-effects model depending on between-study heterogeneity. The potential publication bias was assessed by the Egger's test. A meta-regression analysis was performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Finally, twenty-two studies with a total sample of 7881 IDUs were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of KSHV was14.71%(95% CI 11.12%–19.46%) among IDUs. Specifically, KSHV prevalence was 10.86%(95% CI6.95%–16.96%) in HIV-negative IDUs, and 13.56%(95% CI 10.57%–17.38%) in HIV-positive IDUs.Moreover, prevalence among IDUs from the three continents involved in the current study was similar:16.10%(95%CI 7.73%–33.54%) in Asia; 14.22%(95%CI 8.96%–22.57%) in Europe and 14.06%(95%CI11.38%–17.37%) in America. Globally, IDUs are at higher risk of the KSHV infection when compared with the general population, regardless of geographical region or HIV-infection status.

Geographical variations in risk factors associated with HIV infection among drug users in a prefecture in Southwest China

Background:Previous studies have shown inconsistent or even contradictory results for some risk factors associated with HIV infection among drug users,and these may be partially explained by geographical variations.Methods:Data were collected from 11 methadone clinics in the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture from 2004 to 2012.A non-spatial logistical regression model and a geographically weighted logistic regression model were fitted to analyze the association between HIV infection and specific factors at the individual level.Results:This study enrolled 6,458 patients.The prevalence of HIV infection was 25.1%.The non-spatial model indicated that being divorced was positively associated with HIV infection.The spatial model also showed that being divorced was positively associated with HIV infection,but only for 49.4%of individuals residing in some northern counties.The non-spatial model suggested that service sector work was negatively associated with HIV infection.However,the spatial model indicated that service work was associated with HIV infection,but only for 23.0%of patients living in some western counties.The non-spatial model did not show that being married was associated with HIV infection in our study field,but the spatial model indicated that being married was negatively associated with HIV infection for 12.0%of individuals living in some western counties.For other factors,the non-spatial and spatial models showed similar results.Conclusion:The spatial model may be useful for improving understanding of geographical heterogeneity in the relationship between HIV infection and individual factors.Spatial heterogeneity may be useful for tailoring intervention strategies for local regions,which can consequently result in a more efficient allocation of limited resources toward the control of HIV transmission.

2018—2022年广西宾阳县吸毒人群危险行为变化及HIV感染的影响因素分析

目的:分析广西宾阳县2018—2022年吸毒人群危险行为变化趋势及人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染的影响因素。方法:按照全国艾滋病(AIDS)哨点监测项目要求,在广西宾阳县各监测哨点随机抽取研究对象,开展问卷调查及HIV、梅毒、HCV抗体检测;采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析吸毒人群感染HIV的影响因素。结果:2018—2022年共调查1 615名吸毒人员,以汉族青壮年男性为主;各年度AIDS知识知晓率分别为99.75%、99.75%、100.00%、100.00%、100.00%,总体知晓率为99.88%,呈逐年提高的趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=43.77,P<0.001);最近一个月注射毒品(χ^(2)_(趋势)=63.72,P<0.001)、曾经与别人共用针具(χ^(2)_(趋势)=7.04,P=0.008)、最近一年吸毒后发生性行为(χ^(2)_(趋势)=44.06,P<0.001)的比例呈逐年下降的趋势;最近一次吸毒后发生性行为时使用安全套比例(χ^(2)_(趋势)=4.40,P=0.036)、最近一年商业性行为坚持使用安全套比例(χ^(2)_(趋势)=98.30,P<0.001)呈现逐年上升的趋势;2018—2022年,吸毒人群HIV、梅毒、HCV总体阳性率分别为5.70%,10.50%,59.40%;多因素Logistic回归分析显示:文化程度初中及以上(OR=0.52,95%CI:0.29~0.91)、婚姻状态为未婚/离异或丧偶(OR=2.75,95%CI:1.70~4.44)、共用针具(OR=25.21,95%CI:10.69~59.42)、HCV感染(OR=2.78,95%CI:1.70~4.44)是吸毒人群感染HIV的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论:广西宾阳县吸毒人群AIDS相关危险行为呈减少趋势,针对吸毒人群的不同特征采取指向性的干预手段是遏制AIDS在该人群播散的要点。

Methodological challenges to control for immortal time bias in addressing drug effects in type 2 diabetes

There are multiple biases in using observational studies to examine treatment effects such as those from prevalent drug users, immortal time and drug indications. We used renin angiotensin system(RAS) inhibitors and statins as reference drugs with proven efficacies in randomized clinical trials(RCTs) and examined their effectiveness in the prospective Hong Kong Diabetes Registry using adjustment methods proposed in the literature. Using time-dependent exposures to drug treatments yielded greatly inflated hazard ratios(HR) regarding the treatment effects of these drugs for cardiovascular disease(CVD) in type 2 diabetes. These errors were probably due to changing indications to use these drugs during follow up periods, especially at the time of drug commencement making time-dependent analysis extremely problematic. Using time-fixed analysis with exclusion of immortal time and adjustment for confounders at baseline and/or during follow-up periods, the HR of RAS inhibitors for CVD was comparable to that in RCT. The result supported the use of the Registry for performing pharmacoepidemiological analysis which revealed an attenuated low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol related cancer risk with RAS inhibitors. On the other hand, time-fixed analysis with including immortal time and adjustment for confounders at baseline and/or during follow-up periods, the HR of statins for CVD was similar to that in the RCT. Our results highlight the complexity and difficulty in removing these biases. We call for validations of the methods to cope with immortal time and drug use indications before applying them to particular research questions, so to avoid making erroneous conclusions.

Modes of failure with fractional flow reserve guidewires:Insights from the manufacturer and user facility device experience database

BACKGROUND Fractional flow reserve(FFR)measurement is commonly used in the cardiac catheterization laboratory to assess the functional significance of coronary arterial plaques.Robust real-world data on complications and modes of failure of FFR guidewires are limited.AIM To characterize these outcomes by analyzing the post-marketing surveillance data from the United States Food and Drug Administration Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience(MAUDE)database for commonly used FFR guidewires.METHODS The MAUDE database was queried from January 2010 through April 2020 for 3 FFR guidewires[PressureWireTM X(Abbott),CometTM(Boston Scientific),and VerrataTM(Philips)]by searching for the following events:“Injury”,“malfunction”,“death”,and“other”.This yielded 544 reports.After excluding incomplete reports,486 reports were analyzed.RESULTS Guidewire tip fracture was the most commonly reported mode of failure,in 174(35.8%)cases followed by guidewire kinking(n=152,31.3%),communication failure(n=141,29.0%),and shaft fracture(n=67,13.8%).In total,133(27.4%)device failures resulted in patient adverse events.The most common adverse event was retained guidewire tip,in 71(53.4%)cases,followed by freshly deployed stent dislodgment(n=26,19.6%)and coronary artery dissection(n=23,17.3%).Seven deaths were reported.CONCLUSION FFR guidewire failures can occur because of various mechanisms and cause patient adverse events.The MAUDE database serves as an important platform for improved collaboration among clinicians,device manufacturers,and regulators to improve device performance and optimize patient outcomes.Our analysis provides mechanistic insights of FFR guidewire failure and associated adverse events but cannot verify causality or provide a comparison among different guidewires.

戒毒服务型平台使用意愿影响因素及构建研究

自“智慧戒毒”概念提出以来,我国积极建设了许多戒毒服务型平台,为社会有寻求戒毒相关内容与线上服务人群提供了专业、便捷的途径,然而,当前这类平台普遍未深入用户视角设计平台功能。以技术接受模型为理论基础,构建戒毒服务型平台的使用意愿模型,再通过线上线下相结合的问卷调查方式,采用SPSS 21.0软件对311份有效问卷进行统计分析,将所得数据导入AMOS对模型进行测试,以了解用户对现有戒毒服务型平台的使用意愿及影响因素,从而推进我国戒毒康复平台的构建与发展。结果表明:感知有用性、感知易用性、交互体验和自我效能感对戒毒服务型平台使用意愿有正向显著影响。

广东省吸毒者HIV感染状况和危险因素调查

目的 了解广东省吸毒者HIV感染及相关危险行为因素。方法 对广东省戒毒所内戒毒者和社区吸毒者进行面对面调查 ,并采集静脉血 5ml进行HIV、HCV抗体检测。结果 共调查 655名吸毒者 ,HIV感染率为2 9 0 % ,HCV感染率为 91 6% ;吸毒者对有关艾滋病传播途径的综合知晓率为 65 3 % ;在最近一个月中 ,98 6%的吸毒者有静脉注射吸毒行为 ,且 42 1%有共用针具行为。共用针具的主要原因是毒瘾发作时没有注射器 ,占 80 5% ;吸毒者与临时性伴的安全套使用率为 2 1 3 % ,与固定性伴的使用率仅为 9 5%。结论 广东省吸毒者有较高的HIV和HCV感染率 ,感染HIV的相关危险行为普遍存在 ,应尽快采取有效措施 。