Evaluation of progressive early rehabilitation training mode in intensive care unit patients with mechanical ventilation

BACKGROUND Mechanical ventilation is a common resuscitation method in the intensive care unit(ICU).Unfortunately,this treatment process prolongs the ICU stay of patients with an increased incidence of delirium,which ultimately affects the prognosis.AIM To evaluate the effect of progressive early rehabilitation training on treatment and prognosis of patients with mechanical ventilation in ICU.METHODS The convenience sampling method selected 190 patients with mechanical ventilation admitted to the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from March 2020 to March 2021.According to the random number table method,they were divided into the control and intervention groups.The control group received routine nursing and rehabilitation measures,whereas the intervention group received progressive early rehabilitation training.In addition,the incidence and duration of delirium were compared for the two groups along with mechanical ventilation time,ICU hospitalization time,functional independence measure(FIM)score,Barthel index,and the incidence of complications(deep venous thrombosis,pressure sores,and acquired muscle weakness).RESULTS In the intervention group,the incidence of delirium was significantly lower than in the control group(28%vs 52%,P<0.001).In the intervention group,the duration of delirium,mechanical ventilation time,and ICU stay were shorter than in the control group(P<0.001).The FIM and Barthel index scores were significantly higher in the intervention group than the control group(P<0.001).The total incidence of complications in the intervention group was 3.15%,which was lower than 17.89%in the control group(P<0.001).CONCLUSION Progressive early rehabilitation training reduced the incidence of delirium and complications in ICU patients with mechanical ventilation,which improved prognosis and quality of life.

Mechanical ventilation and outcomes in COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care unit in a low-resources setting: A retrospective study

Objective:To describe the strategies and outcomes of mechanical ventilation in a poorly equipped facility.Methods:This retrospective descriptive study included patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU)and mechanically ventilated between September 1,2020,and May 31,2021.Data were collected from medical records and databases.Results:54 Patients aged(62.9±13.3)years were included.Among these cases,79.6%had at least one comorbidity.On admission,all patients had hypoxia.The median peripheral oxygen saturation in room air was 76%(61%,83%).Non-invasive ventilation(NIV)was performed in 75.9%of the patients,and invasive mechanical ventilation(IMV)in 68.5%.IMV was performed on patients due to severe coma(8.1%),failure of standard oxygen therapy(27.0%),and failure of NIV(64.9%).An arterial blood gas test was performed in 14.8%of the patients.NIV failed in 90.2%of cases and succeeded in 9.8%.IMV was successful in 5.4%of cases,vs.94.6%of mortality.The overall mortality rate of patients on ventilation in the ICU was 88.9%.The causes of death included severe respiratory distress syndrome(85.2%),multiple organ failure(14.8%),and pulmonary embolism(13.0%).Conclusions:The ventilation management of COVID-19 patients in the ICU with NIV and IMV in a scarce resource setting is associated with a high mortality rate.Shortcomings are identified in ventilation strategies,protocols,and monitoring.Required improvements were also proposed.

Early mobilization for mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Early mobilization(EM) is a regimen that was carried out by physiotherapists in a relatively early stage. It has been investigated by an increasing number of researchers. However, there has not been a meta-analysis concerning whether EM could benefit the clinical outcomes of critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation(MV). The present systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of EM compared with immobilization for mechanically ventilated patients.Methods: A computerized literature search was performed in six databases for related articles from inception to June 2017. We included randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials and used the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale to assess the quality of included studies. Primary outcomes were measures of muscle function, duration of MV, and incidence of mortality.Secondary outcomes were adverse effects and length of stay(LOS) in intensive care unit(ICU) and hospital.Results: Eight trials were included; of those, only one study without standard EM reported that the intervention was invalid to improve the outcomes. The result of meta-analysis indicated that EM shortened the duration of MV; however, it had no positive effect on mortality and LOS in ICU.Conclusions: This review suggests that EM improves the muscle function and ventilation duration. Further research highlighting standard intervention and specific groups is needed.

Utilizing Anesthesiologists, Emergency and Critical Care Physicians with Telemedicine Monitoring to Develop Intubation and Ventilation Services in an Intensive Care Unit in the Austere Medical Environment: A Case Series. Expansion of the EP/CC GAS Project

Background: Significant resource constraints and critical care training gaps are responsible for the limited development of intensive care units (ICUs) in resource limited settings. We describe the implementation of an ICU in Haiti and report the successes and difficulties encountered throughout the process. We present a consecutive case series investigating an anesthesiologist, emergency, and critical care physician implemented endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation protocol in an austere environment with the assistance of telemedicine. Methods: A consecutive case series of fifteen patients admitted to an ICU at St. Luc Hospital located in Portau-Prince, Haiti, between the months of February 2012 to April 2014 is reported. Causes of respiratory failure and the clinical course are presented. Patients were followed to either death or discharge. Results: Fifteen patients (eight women and seven men) were included in the study with an average age of 37.7 years. The mean duration of ventilation was three days. Of the fifteen patients intubated, five patients (33.3%) survived and were discharged from the ICU. Of the five surviving patients, two were intubated for status epilepticus, one for status asthmaticus and one for hyperosmolar coma associated with intracerebral hemorrhage. Of the patients dying on the ventilator, four patients died from pneumonia, two from renal failure, and one from tetanus. The remaining three died from strokes and cardiac arrests. Conclusions: Mortality of mechanically ventilated patients in a resource-limited country is significant. Focused training in core critical care skills aimed at increasing the endotracheal intubation and ventilatory management capacity of local medical staff should be a priority in order to continue to develop ICUs in these austere environments. Collaborative educational and training efforts directed by anesthesiologists, emergency, and critical care physicians, and aided by telemedicine can facilitate realizing this goal.

Dexmedetomidine vs propofol in intensive care unit patients

Dexmedetomidine is indicated as a sedative agent in intensive care units(ICUs). While several clinical trials and two meta-analyses have compared this agent with propofol or midazolam, the results were variable depending on the specific end-point(e.g., duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU mortality, maintaining a target depth of sedation, incidence of delirium episodes, length of hospital stay). Hence, the effectiveness of this new agent vs the comparators seems to be controversial. Trial sequential analysis(TSA) is a statistical technique that can estimate the optimal, cumulative number of patients that would be needed to generate a conclusive result. We therefore applied a TSA model to the most recent meta-analysis evaluating dexmedetomidine. A total of 10 randomized controlled trials were included in our analysis. According to our results, the comparison of dexmedetomidine vs propofol showed no proof of incremental effectiveness for the end-points of length of ICUs stay and incidence of delirium episodes. In contrast, futility(i.e., proof of no incremental effectiveness) was demonstrated for the end-point of mechanical ventilation. Hence, the results for the comparison of dexmedetomidine vs propofol were inconclusive for the first two end-points; on the other hand, conclusiveness was reached for the third end-point. We conclude that the place of dexmedetomidine in therapy of critically ill patients is very uncertain and further controlled trials are still needed.

Acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease in the intensive care unit

Acute exacerbations of interstitial lung disease(AE-ILD)represent an acute,frequent and often highly morbid event in the disease course of ILD patients.Admission in the intensive care unit(ICU)is very common and the need for mechanical ventilation arises early.While non-invasive ventilation has shown promise in staving off intubation in selected patients,it is unclear whether mechanical ventilation can alter the exacerbation course unless it is a bridge to lung transplantation.Risk stratification using clinical and radiographic findings,and early palliative care involvement,are important in ICU care.In this review,we discuss many of the pathophysiological aspects of AE-ILD and raise the hypothesis that ventilation strategies used in acute respiratory distress syndrome might be implemented in AE-ILD.We present possible decision-making and management algorithms that can be used by the intensivist when caring for these patients.

Care Measures and Health Outcomes in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in Brazil

Introduction: In low- and middle-income countries, including Brazil, conditions that favor mortality in the PICU remain significant. Compared to developed countries, there is a shortage of skilled human resources, lower availability of technological resources, greater difficulty of access and a higher incidence of infections, including both those acquired prior to admission and those resulting from treatment and hospitalization (i.e., healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)). HAIs in the PICU include ventilator-associated pneumonia and catheter-related bloodstream infections. Actions for the prevention of HAIs can minimize the occurrence of negative outcomes. Materials and Methods: This is an epidemiological study comparing admissions at the PICU of a high-complexity hospital in South Brazil over two three-year periods: 2012-2014 (before the measures were adopted) and 2015-2017 (after the measures). The care measures were adopted mainly at the beginning of 2015 and consisted of expansion of physical therapy care, adoption of care protocols, acquisition of new materials and equipment (transparent dressings for central catheters, high-tech mechanical ventilators and multiparametric monitors) and multidisciplinary team training. The frequency of the outcomes mortality, length of PICU stay, diagnosis of catheter-related bloodstream infection, need for and duration of ventilatory support and diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia were compared between the two trienniums using logistic regression with adjustment for age in months and need of vasoactive drugs. Results: A total of 1140 admissions were analyzed (470 in the first triennium and 670 in the second), representing an increase in the admission rate of 42.6% after the adoption of the measures. After adjustments, significant reductions in the frequency of mortality (adjusted OR [adjOR] = 0.54;CI 95%: 0.34 - 0.84), length of PICU stay > 7 days (adjOR = 0.75;CI 95%: 0.57 - 0.97) and duration of ventilatory support > 7 days (adjOR = 0.54;CI 95%: 0.39 - 0.74) were observed. Conclusion: The results indicate the benefits of care measures for children admitted to the PICU in terms of a reduction in adverse events and expansion of access.

Intensive care unit hospitalizations and outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 during summer and fall surges in Georgia

BACKGROUND There is limited data on the difference in the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)infection in the summer compared to the fall surge.AIM To compare the sociodemographic,clinical characteristics,and outcomes among mechanically ventilated patients with severe COVID-19 infection admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU)during the summer and fall surges in the year 2020.METHODS We included patients admitted to the ICU and treated with invasive mechanical ventilation for COVID-19 associated respiratory failure between April 1 and December 31,2020.Patients were categorized into summer surge for ICU admissions between June 15,2020,and August 15,2020,and fall surge between October 15,2020,and December 31,2020.We compared patients'characteristics and outcomes using descriptive and inferential statistics.RESULTS A total of 220 patients were admitted to the Grady Memorial Hospital ICU and mechanically ventilated for COVID-19 associated hypoxemic respiratory failure during the period considered(125 during the summer surge and 95 during the fall surge).More women were admitted in the fall compared to summer(41.1%vs 36.8%,difference,4.3%;95%CI:1.2,7.5).Patients admitted in the fall had fewer comorbidities(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,stroke,diabetes mellitus,obstructive sleep apnea and body mass index≥35 kg/m2).Overall,patients in the fall had a lower ICU mortality rate(27.4%vs 38.4%,difference,-11.0;95%CI:-6.4,-18.2),shorter length of stay on the mechanical ventilator(7 d vs 11 d,difference,4 d;95% CI:2.1,6.6)and shorter ICU length of stay(9 d vs 14 d,difference,5 d;95% CI:2.7,9.4).CONCLUSION Patients admitted with severe COVID-19 infection requiring mechanical ventilation had better outcomes in the fall than summer.This difference observed is likely attributable to a better understanding of the condition and advances in treatment strategies.

Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in an Intensive Care Unit

The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the incidence, etiologic agents and mortality rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). In a six-month period, cases who were 18 years or older, dependent on mechanical ventilator for more than 3 days and without pulmonary infection on first admission were included in this study. In all cases, body temperature recordings, blood and urine culture, microbiological analyses of endotracheal aspirates, and chest X-rays were obtained and used to identify VAP. Apache II scores on admission, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and mortality were recorded. This study included 45 cases and 22 developed VAP (48%). The incidence of VAP was 25.34 per 1000 ventilator days. Univariate analyses showed that duration of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU stay, coma and tracheotomy were associated with the development of VAP. The mortality rate of cases with VAP (72.7%) was significantly higher than cases without VAP (39.1%). The most frequent microorganisms were Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In our study, VAP was a very common and important complication of mechanical ventilation and mortality was very high. To reduce mortality, minimize morbidity, shorten the length of stay, and reduce costs, defined risk factors for VAP should be recognized and an effective infection control program for the prevention of VAP should be implemented. Surveillance results should be evaluated regularly and necessary precautions should be taken.

Effects of early rehabilitation therapy on patients with mechanical ventilation

BACKGROUND: For patients in intensive care unit(ICU), mechanical ventilation is an effective treatment to survive from acute illness and improve survival rates. However, long periods of bed rest and restricted physical activity can result in side effects. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of early rehabilitation therapy in patients with mechanical ventilation.METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was carried out. Sixty patients, with tracheal intubation or tracheostomy more than 48 hours and less than 72 hours, were admitted to the ICU of the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, from May 2010 to May 2012. These patients were randomly divided into a rehabilitation group and a control group. In the rehabilitation group, rehabilitation therapy was performed twice daily, and the training time and intensity were adjusted according to the condition of the patients. Early rehabilitation therapy included heading up actively, transferring from the supine position to sitting position, sitting at the edge of the bed, sitting in chair, transferring from sitting to standing, and ambulating bedside. The patient's body mass index, days to first out of bed, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU stay, APACHE II score, highest FiO2, lowest PaO2/FiO2 and hospital mortality of patients were all compared between the rehabilitation group and the control group. The differences between the two groups were compared using Student's t test.RESULTS: There was no significant difference in body mass index, APACHE II score, highest FiO2, lowest PaO2/FiO2 and hospital mortality between the rehabilitation group and the control group(P>0.05). Patients in the rehabilitation group had shorter days to first out of bed(3.8±1.2 d vs. 7.3±2.8 d; P=0.00), duration of mechanical ventilation(5.6±2.1 d vs. 12.7±4.1 d; P=0.005) and length of ICU stay(12.7±4.1 d vs. 15.2±4.5 d; P=0.01) compared with the control group.CONCLUSION: Early rehabilitation therapy was feasible and effective in improving the outcomes of patients with mechanical ventilation.

Intensivists’response to hyperoxemia in mechanical ventilation patients:The status quo and related factors

BACKGROUND:Due to the still sparse literature in China,the investigation of hyperoxemia management is required.Thus,we aim to conduct a retrospective study to provide more information about hyperoxemia management in intensive care unit(ICU)patients.METHODS:We retrospectively screened the medical records of adult patients(age≥18 years)who required mechanical ventilation(MV)≥24 hours from January 1,2018,to December 31,2018.All arterial blood gas(ABG)tested during MV was retrieved,and MV settings were recorded.The median arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2)>120 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)was defined as mild to moderate hyperoxemia,and PaO2>300 mmHg as extreme hyperoxemia.Intensivists’response to hyperoxemia was assessed based on the reduction of fraction of inspired oxygen(FiO2)within one hour after hyperoxemia was recorded.Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent factors associated with the intensivists’response to hyperoxemia.RESULTS:A total of 592 patients were fi nally analyzed.The median Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II(APACHE II)score was 21(15-26).The PaO2,arterial oxygen saturation(SaO2),FiO2,and positive end expiratory pressure(PEEP)were 96.4(74.0-126.0)mmHg,97.8%(95.2%-99.1%),0.4(0.4-0.5),and 5(3-6)cmH2O,respectively.Totally 174(29.39%)patients had PaO2>120 mmHg,and 19(3.21%)patients had extreme hyperoxemia at PaO2>300 mmHg.In cases of mild to moderate hyperoxemia with FiO2≤0.4,only 13(2.20%)patients had a decrease in FiO2 within one hour.The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that a positive response was independently associated with FiO2(odds ratio[OR]1.09,95%confi dence interval[CI]1.06-1.12,P<0.001),PaO2(OR 1.01,95%CI 1.00-1.01,P=0.002),and working shifts(OR 5.09,95%CI 1.87-13.80,P=0.001).CONCLUSIONS:Hyperoxemia occurs frequently and is neglected in most cases,particularly when mild to moderate hyperoxemia,hyperoxemia with lower FiO2,hyperoxemia during night and middle-night shifts,or FiO2 less likely to be decreased.Patients may be at a risk of oxygen toxicity because of the liberal oxygen strategy.Therefore,further research is needed to improve oxygen management for patients with MV in the ICUs.

Pleural effusion in critically ill patients and intensive care setting

Pleural effusion usually causes a diagnostic dilemma with a long list of differential diagnoses.Many studies found a high prevalence of pleural effusions in critically ill and mechanically ventilated patients,with a wide range of variable prevalence rates of up to 50%-60%in some studies.This review emphasizes the importance of pleural effusion diagnosis and management in patients admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU).The original disease that caused pleural effusion can be the exact cause of ICU admission.There is an impairment in the pleural fluid turnover and cycling in critically ill and mechanically ventilated patients.There are also many difficulties in diagnosing pleural effusion in the ICU,including clinical,radiological,and even laboratory difficulties.These difficulties are due to unusual presentation,inability to undergo some diagnostic procedures,and heterogenous results of some of the performed tests.Pleural effusion can affect the patient’s outcome and prognosis due to the hemodynamics and lung mechanics changes in these patients,who usually have frequent comorbidities.Similarly,pleural effusion drainage can modify the ICUadmitted patient’s outcome.Finally,pleural effusion analysis can change the original diagnosis in some cases and redirect the management toward a different way.

Invasive versus non-invasive ventilation in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia:A retrospective study

Objective:To compare the survival and length of stay of invasive ventilation(IV)with those of non-invasive ventilation(NIV)in patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome in a single hospital from May 2020 to March 2021.Methods:After obtaining approval from the Hospital Director,the data of COVID-19 patients including demographics,type of respiratory support(non-invasive ventilation or invasive ventilation),duration of ventilation,length of stay,discharge,and death were collected and analyzed.Results:Out of the 152 patients identified,134 patients were analyzed.The median intubation days were 10.0(Q1:3.5,Q3:13.5)in the IV group and 0.0(Q1:0.0,Q3:0.0)days in the NIV-only group.Out of the 101 patients who received NIV,43 patients were subsequently intubated due to failure of NIV.Of the 63 patients(47.01%)who died,22(66.66%)were from the IV group and 40(92.02%)were from the NIV-followed-by-intubation group,and 1(1.72%)were from the NIV-only group.Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of a respiratory comorbidity(OR=16.56,95%CI=1.56-175.48,P=0.02)was an independent predictor of survival.Conclusions:Respiratory co-morbidity is a significant adverse predictor of survival outcome.The decision on the type of respiratory support should be made on a patient-to-patient basis.

Clinical application of bedside fiber-optic bronchoscopy in mechanically ventilated children in a pediatric intensive care unit

Critically ill children often require mechanical ventilation on the pediatric intensive care unit （PICU） for indications such as severe pneumonia, atelectasis, airway abnormalities, and the presence of a foreign body in the airway. The correct management of the airway is a crucial determinant of a successful outcome. We performed fiber-optic bronchoscopy （FOB） 70 times for 51 mechanically ventilated children between June 2009 and December 2011, and present our results below.

补中益气汤合小柴胡汤治疗机械通气重症监护室获得性衰弱患者的临床疗效观察

[目的]探讨补中益气汤合小柴胡汤治疗机械通气重症监护室获得性衰弱(ICU-AW)的疗效。[方法]选择2019年10月—2022年10月河北省沧州中西医结合医院收治的82例行机械通气治疗的重症监护室获得性衰弱(ICU-AW)患者,随机数字表法将患者分为两组,每组各41例。对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予补中益气汤合小柴胡汤治疗14 d。比较两组疗效、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间、下床活动时间、中医证候积分、衰弱、肌力状态、运动耐力、日常生活能力以及并发症和不良反应差异。[结果]观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组(95.12%vs.73.17%,P<0.05),机械通气时间、重症监护室(ICU)住院时间、下床活动时间短于对照组(P<0.01),6 min步行距离、Barthel指数(BI)指数高于对照组(P<0.05),Borg评分、呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗后体倦乏力、食欲不振、胁胀作痛、情志抑郁、面色萎黄积分、心血管健康研究指数(CHS)评分均较治疗前降低(P<0.01),医学研究委员会(MRC)评分较治疗前增高(P<0.01),观察组治疗后上述中医证候积分、CHS评分低于对照组(P<0.01),MRC评分高于对照组(P<0.01)。[结论]与常规治疗比较,补中益气汤合小柴胡汤更有助于改善衰弱和疲劳症状,提高运动耐力和日常生活能力,临床疗效更显著。

PICU机械通气治疗患儿谵妄发生情况及其影响因素分析

目的探讨儿科重症监护室(PICU)内接受机械通气(MV)治疗的患儿发生谵妄(PD)概率及其相关影响因素。方法回顾性分析2022年7月至2023年3月在医院PICU内接受MV治疗患儿的临床资料。结果149例患儿接受MV,中位年龄2.0(1.0~6.0)岁,男74例、女75例。其中年龄≤2岁患儿86例(57.7%),治疗期间反复气管插管患儿34例(22.8%)。149例患儿中有81例(54.4%)发生谵妄,与非谵妄组相比,谵妄组年龄较小,俯卧位通气比例较低,年龄≤2岁比例较高,PICU住院时间延长,PICU住院时间>14天比例较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与非谵妄组相比,谵妄组MV首日氧合指数≤150 mmHg比例较高,MV总时间较长,MV总时间≤168 h比例较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示患儿PICU住院时间>14 d、MV首日氧合指数≤150 mmHg是MV患儿发生谵妄的独立危险因素(P<0.05),而MV总时间≤168 h是MV患儿发生谵妄的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论PICU内接受MV治疗的患儿谵妄发生率较高,与低氧性损伤密切相关。长时间的MV和PICU住院治疗也是导致谵妄发生的重要影响因素。

广西壮族自治区三级医院ICU有创机械通气病人口腔健康现状及其影响因素

目的:调查广西壮族自治区三级医院重症监护室(ICU)有创机械通气病人口腔健康现状,并分析其影响因素。方法:采用便利抽样法,于2023年7月抽取广西壮族自治区5所三级医院的204例ICU有创机械通气病人为研究对象。采用一般资料问卷、Beck口腔评估量表(BOAS)进行调查。结果:204例ICU有创机械通气病人BOAS评分为(7.79±2.86)分,口腔健康无受损者62例(30.39%)。随机森林模型结果显示,重要性评分较高的前5位变量为机械通气时长、是否使用专用漱口水、急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、是否使用牙刷、是否口唇保湿。逐步回归分析结果显示,APACHEⅡ评分、是否使用牙刷、是否使用专用漱口水、是否口唇保湿是ICU有创机械通气病人口腔健康的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:口腔健康受损的ICU有创机械通气病人比例较大,其受多种因素影响,建议采用综合干预措施以促进病人口腔健康。

早期目标导向活动对机械通气患者短期预后的应用研究

目的探讨早期目标导向活动在重症加强护理病房(ICU)机械通气患者中应用的短期预后效果。方法采用便利抽样法,选取76例机械通气患者作为研究对象,以病区为单位,入住ICU A区的38例患者为对照组,实施常规康复护理方案;入住ICU B区的38例患者为实验组,采用Richmond躁动-镇静评分、标准化5问题问卷、ICU活动量表评估研究对象镇静程度、配合程度及ICU活动能力,实施早期目标导向活动。观察2组患者肌力及握力水平、ICU活动能力、机械通气时间及ICU住院时间。结果干预第4 d及出科前实验组肌力、握力及出科前的活动能力得分高于对照组(P<0.05);实验组机械通气时间及ICU住院时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论早期目标导向活动有助于提高机械通气患者的肌力、活动能力,缩短ICU停留时间,改善患者短期预后。未来可进一步随访,探究早期目标导向活动的远期效果,为早期目标导向活动的推广及应用提供临床指导。

无创呼吸机辅助振动排痰对ICU急性心力衰竭患者心功能指标的影响

目的观察无创呼吸机辅助振动排痰对重症监护病房(ICU)急性心力衰竭患者心功能指标水平的影响.方法选择2020年9月至2023年3月在浙江省立同德医院ICU接受治疗的120例急性心力衰竭患者作为研究对象.将患者按随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组,每组60例.两组患者均给予常规对症治疗和无创呼吸机辅助通气,对照组给予常规护理干预,试验组给予无创呼吸机辅助振动排痰干预.记录两组患者干预2周后动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))、呼吸频率(RR)、心率、血压、中心静脉压、血清中和超声下心功能指标及预后情况.结果两组干预后PaO_(2)、SpO_(2)、左室射血分数(LVEF)均较干预前明显升高,而PaCO_(2)、RR、心率、血压、中心静脉压、N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)、左室收缩期末内径(LVESD)、左室舒张期末内径(LVEDD)均较干预前明显降低(均P<0.05).与对照组比较,试验组干预后PaO_(2)、SpO_(2)、血压、中心静脉压、LVEF均明显升高[PaO_(2)(mmHg,1 mmHg≈0.133 kPa):68.24±5.81比59.63±6.86,SpO_(2):0.95±0.03比0.87±0.04,收缩压(mmHg):116.05±4.11比104.13±3.95,舒张压(mmHg):68.19±4.13比62.85±4.12,中心静脉压(mmHg):9.42±1.29比8.14±1.42,LVEF:0.49±0.05比0.43±0.04,均P<0.05],PaCO_(2)、RR、心率、NT-proBNP、cTnT、LVESD、LVEDD均明显降低[PaCO_(2)(mmHg):42.12±4.08比52.13±4.61,RR(次/min):18.85±1.75比21.54±2.51,心率(次/min):89.53±8.14比101.11±10.26,NT-proBNP(ng/L):1687.25±589.67比2145.36±751.03,cTnT(ng/L):70.58±5.15比81.45±6.89,LVESD(mm):34.51±3.11比38.89±3.55,LVEDD(mm):46.11±3.22比49.74±3.75,均P<0.05].试验组机械通气时间、ICU住院时间、肺部感染缓解时间均较对照组明显缩短[机械通气时间(h):72.14±10.06比78.96±12.97,ICU住院时间(d):10.74±2.15比12.88±3.26,肺部感染缓解时间(d):3.58±0.79比5.14±1.12,均P<0.05],肺部感染发生率明显降低[1.67%(1/60)比11.67%(7/60),P<0.05],但试验组和对照组28d病死率比较差异无统计学意义[10.00%(6/60)比21.67%(13/60),P>0.05].结论无创呼吸机辅助振动排痰可改善低氧血症症状和心功能,稳定血流动力学,缩短ICU急性心力衰竭患者病程,降低肺部感染的发生.

ICU成人机械通气患者口渴管理的最佳证据总结

目的总结重症监护室(ICU)成人机械通气患者口渴管理的相关证据,同时归纳最佳证据。方法系统检索国内外数据库关于ICU成人机械通气患者口渴管理的相关文献,文献包括指南、临床决策、系统评价、证据总结、原始研究、推荐实践、最佳临床实践信息册。检索时限为建库至2023年6月30日。2名研究人员负责评价纳入医学文献数据库、PubMed、国际指南图书馆、中国指南网、英国国家临床医学研究文献的质量,同时负责与质量标准相符文献的证据提取。结果最终纳入证据10篇,其中4篇为系统评价,3篇为随机对照试验(RCT),1篇专家共识,2篇证据总结。分别从ICU成人机械通气患者口渴的影响因素、评估内容、评估工具、干预措施、效果评价及人员管理6个方面,形成16条最佳证据。结论在临床应用证据方面,应对所处医院的临床条件/环境、医护方应用证据的积极因素与消极因素、患者意愿等展开评估,开展有针对性的证据选择。在时间推移下,最佳证据持续更新,应用者还应持续更新证据,通过科学的护理手段有效应对成人危重症患者口渴管理问题,促进护理质量的提升。