Investigation of the epidemiology,pathogenicity and immunogenicity of Bordetella bronchiseptica isolated from cats and dogs in China from 2021 to 2023

Bordetella bronchiseptica(Bb)is recognized as a leading cause of respiratory diseases in dogs and cats.However,epidemiological data on Bb in dogs and cats in China are still limited,and there is no commercially available vaccine.Live vaccines containing Bb that are widely used abroad are generally efective but can establish latency and potentially reactivate to cause illness in some immunodefcient vaccinated recipients,raising safety concerns.In this study,34 canine-derived and two feline-derived Bb strains were isolated from 1809 canine and 113 feline nasopharyngeal swab samples collected from eight provinces in China from 2021 to 2023.The PCR results showed that the percentage of positive Bb was 22.94%(441/1922),and more than 90%of the Bb isolates had four virulence factor-encoding genes(VFGs),namely,fhaB,prn,betA and dnt.All the isolated strains displayed a multidrug-resistant phenotype.The virulence of 10 Bb strains isolated from dogs with respiratory symptoms was tested in mice,and we found that eight isolates were highly virulent.Furthermore,the eight Bb isolates with high virulence were inactivated and intramuscularly injected into mice,and three Bb strains(WH1218,WH1203 and WH1224)with the best protective efcacy were selected.Dogs immunized with these three strains exhibited strong protection against challenge with the Bb feld strain WH1218.Ultimately,the WH1218 strain with the greatest protection in dogs was selected as the vaccine candidate.Dogs and cats that received a vaccine containing 109 CFU of the inactivated WH1218 strain showed complete protection against challenge with the Bb feld strain WH1218.This study revealed that Bb is an important pathogen that causes respiratory diseases in domestic dogs and cats in China,and all the isolates exhibited multidrug resistance.The present work contributes to the current understanding of the prevalence,antimicrobial resistance,and virulence genes of Bb in domestic dogs and cats.Additionally,our results suggest that the WH1218 strain is a promising candidate safe and efcacious inactivated Bb vaccine.

Experimental investigation on coal pore-fracture variation and fractal characteristics synergistically affected by solvents for improving clean gas extraction

Chemical solvents instead of pure water being as hydraulic fracturing fluid could effectively increase permeability and improve clean methane extraction efficiency.However,pore-fracture variation features of lean coal synergistically affected by solvents have not been fully understood.Ultrasonic testing,nuclear magnetic resonance analysis,liquid phase mass spectrometry was adopted to comprehensively analyze pore-fracture change characteristics of lean coal treated by combined solvent(NMP and CS_(2)).Meanwhile,quantitative characterization of above changing properties was conducted using geometric fractal theory.Relationship model between permeability,fractal dimension and porosity were established.Results indicate that the end face fractures of coal are well developed after CS2and combined solvent treatments,of which,end face box-counting fractal dimensions range from 1.1227 to 1.4767.Maximum decreases in ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocity of coal affected by NMP,CS_(2)and combined solvent are 2.700%,20.521%,22.454%,respectively.Solvent treatments could lead to increasing amount of both mesopores and macropores.Decrease ratio of fractal dimension Dsis 0.259%–2.159%,while permeability increases ratio of NMR ranges from 0.1904 to 6.4486.Meanwhile,combined solvent could dissolve coal polar and non-polar small molecules and expand flow space.Results could provide reference for solvent selection and parameter optimization of permeability-enhancement technology.

Numerical investigation of friction-heating-pressurization and its control parameters in the shear band of high-speed landslides

High-speed sliding often leads to catastrophic landslides,many of which,in the initial sliding phase before disintegration,experience a friction-induced thermal pressurization effect in the bottom shear band,accelerating the movement of the overlying sliding mass.To quantitatively investigate this complex multiphysical phenomenon,we established a set of equations that describe the variations in temperature and excess pore pressure within the shear band,as well as the conservation of momentum equation for the overlying sliding mass.With a simplified landslide model,we investigated the variations of temperature and excess pore pressure within the shear band and their impacts on the velocity of the overlying sliding mass.On this basis,we studied the impact of seven key parameters on the maximum temperature and excess pore pressure in the shear band,as well as the impact on the velocity of the overlying sliding mass.The simulation results of the standard model show that the temperature and excess pore pressure in the shear band are significantly higher than those in the adjacent areas,and reach the maximum values in the center.Within a few seconds after the start,the maximum excess pore pressure in the shear zone is close to the initial stress,and the shear strength loss rate exceeds 90%.The thermal pressurization mechanism significantly increases the velocity of the overlying sliding mass.The results of parameter sensitivity analysis show that the thermal expansion coefficient has the most significant impact on the temperature and excess pore pressure in the shear band,and the sliding surface dip angle has the most significant impact on the velocity of the overlying sliding mass.The results of this study are of great significance for clarifying the mechanism of thermal pressurization-induced high-speed sliding.

Experimental investigation of dynamic characteristics of leaching tubing for solution mining of salt cavern carbon and energy storage

Salt caverns are extensively utilized for storing various substances such as fossil energy,hydrogen,compressed air,nuclear waste,and industrial solid waste.In China,when the salt cavern is leached through single-well water solution mining with oil as a cushion,engineering challenges arise with the leaching tubing,leading to issues like damage and instability.These problems significantly hinder the progress of cavern construction and the control of cavern shape.The primary cause of this is the flowinduced vibration instability of leaching tubing within a confined space,which results in severe bending or damage to the tubing.This study presents a model experimental investigation on the dynamic characteristics of leaching tubing using a self-developed liquid-solid coupling physical model experiment apparatus.The experiment utilizes a silicone-rubber pipe(SRP)and a polycarbonate pipe(PCP)to examine the effects of various factors on the dynamic stability of cantilevered pipes conveying fluid.These factors include external space constraint,flexural rigidity,medium outside the pipe,overhanging length,and end conditions.The experiments reveal four dynamic response phenomena:water hammer,static buckling,chaotic motion,and flutter instability.The study further demonstrates that the length of the external space constraint has a direct impact on the flutter critical flow velocity of the cantilevered pipe conveying fluid.Additionally,the flutter critical flow velocity is influenced by the end conditions and different external media.

Auto-parametric resonance of a continuous-beam-bridge model under two-point periodic excitation:an experimental investigation and stability analysis

The auto-parametric resonance of a continuous-beam bridge model subjected to a two-point periodic excitation is experimentally and numerically investigated in this study.An auto-parametric resonance experiment of the test model is conducted to observe and measure the auto-parametric resonance of a continuous beam under a two-point excitation on columns.The parametric vibration equation is established for the test model using the finite-element method.The auto-parametric resonance stability of the structure is analyzed by using Newmark's method and the energy-growth exponent method.The effects of the phase difference of the two-point excitation on the stability boundaries of auto-parametric resonance are studied for the test model.Compared with the experiment,the numerical instability predictions of auto-parametric resonance are consistent with the test phenomena,and the numerical stability boundaries of auto-parametric resonance agree with the experimental ones.For a continuous beam bridge,when the ratio of multipoint excitation frequency(applied to the columns)to natural frequency of the continuous girder is approximately equal to 2,the continuous beam may undergo a strong auto-parametric resonance.Combined with the present experiment and analysis,a hypothesis of Volgograd Bridge's serpentine vibration is discussed.

Investigation and Analysis of Main Diseases of Landscape Plants in the Main Urban Area of Lu'an City

To figure out the disease occurrence of landscape plants in the main urban area of Lu'an City,the author investigated the disease occurrence of landscape plants in park green space,residential green space,unit attached green space and main road in the area under administration.The survey results showed that there were 29 species of urban landscape plant diseases,mainly powdery mildew and spot diseases.According to the characteristics of the diseases,the causes and problems of the diseases were analyzed,and the corresponding prevention and control measures were put forward.

Optimization of the Number and Location of Boreholes for Gassy Soil Site Investigation Considering the Statistical Uncertainty

The research addresses the prevalence of gassy soil, containing methane (CH4), within the soil particles of southeast coastal areas of China, such as the Quaternary deposit in the Hangzhou Bay area. This soil exhibits spatial variability in the distribution of gas pressure, posing a potential threat of engineering disasters, including fire outbreaks and blasting, during the construction of underground projects. Consequently, it is crucial to assess the risk state of gas pressure, involving accurate identification and reduction of associated uncertainty, through site investigation. This is indispensable prior to the commencement of underground projects. However, during the site investigation stage, the random field parameters that quantify the spatial variability distribution of gas pressure (e.g., mean value, standard deviations, and scale of fluctuation) are unknown, introducing corresponding statistical uncertainty. Therefore, the most significant consideration for planning site investigation from an engineering perspective involves determining the risk state of gas pressure while considering the statistical uncertainty of these random field parameters. This consideration heavily relies on the engineering experience gained from current site investigation practices. To address this challenge, the study introduces a probabilistic site investigation optimization method designed for planning the site investigation scheme for gassy soils, including determining the number and locations of boreholes. The method is based on the expected state-identification probability, representing the probability of identifying the risk state of gas pressure, and takes into account the statistical uncertainty of random field parameters. The proposed method aims to determine an optimal investigation scheme before conducting the site investigation, leveraging prior knowledge. This optimal scheme is identified using Subset Simulation Optimization (SSO) in the space of candidate site investigations, maximizing the value of the expected state-identification probability at the minimal value point. Finally, the paper illustrates the proposed approach through a case study.

A Study on the Implementation Path of the Blended Teaching Model in Geological Hazards Investigation and Evaluation

Geological Hazards Investigation and Evaluation is the core course of Environmental Geological Engineering,aiming to cultivate skilled talents with solid theoretical knowledge and excellent practical skills.At present,the course faces several issues,including a teaching environment disconnected from real-world work scenarios,course content that deviates from job-related tasks,a lack of digital teaching resources,and reliance on a single teaching method,leading to students’poor feedback from employers.Based on the concept of outcome-based education,the course team of Geological Hazards Investigation and Evaluation establishes a“five-step double-rotation”blended teaching model with the help of a Small Private Online Course platform.The program is designed to improve the teaching environment and expand the digitalized teaching resources in order to improve students’learning motivation,enhance learning effectiveness,and cultivate skillful talents who meet employers’satisfaction.

Navigating the ethical terrain:Off-label and experimental treatments in medical case reports

This article explores the ethical considerations surrounding the reporting of offlabel and experimental treatments in medical case reports,with a focus on fields such as oncology,psychiatry,and pediatrics.It emphasizes the balance between innovation and evidence-based medicine,highlighting the critical role of case reports in disseminating clinical experiences and advancing medical knowledge.The discussion delves into the ethical framework guiding case reporting,including principles of patient autonomy,informed consent,non-maleficence,beneficence,justice,and transparency.Challenges such as negative outcome reporting,commercial interests,and the balance between innovation and caution are examined.Recommendations for ethical vigilance,the development of comprehensive guidelines,and the role of regulatory bodies are proposed to ensure patient safety and uphold scientific integrity.The article concludes by underscoring the importance of a collaborative effort among clinicians,researchers,ethicists,and regulatory bodies to foster the responsible advancement of medical science while adhering to the highest ethical standards.

A Case of Investigation and Diagnosis of Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura After Vaccination of COVID-19 Inactivated Vaccine

Objective:Analyze the relationship between inoculating one case of the COVID-19 inactivated vaccine(Vero cell)and immune thrombocytopenic purpura to provide a reference for the standardized handling of adverse events following immunization.Methods:According to the"National Monitoring Program for Suspected Adverse Reactions to Vaccinations,"an on-site investigation,data collection and analysis,expert group diagnosis,and medical association assessment were conducted on a case of immune thrombocytopenic purpura in District A of Chongqing after vaccination with the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine.The assessment report was delivered to the three relevant parties,the case was reviewed,and the experience was summarized.Results:The investigation and diagnosis by the district-level vaccination abnormal reaction expert group concluded that the disease that occurred after vaccination with the COVID-19 inactivated vaccine was secondary immune thrombocytopenic purpura,an abnormal reaction to the vaccination.The medical damage was classified as Level II Grade B.The vaccine production enterprise raised objections to this conclusion.After re-assessment by the municipal-level medical association,the conclusion was consistent with that of the district-level medical association.The vaccine production enterprise did not raise any further objections.Conclusion:Through active collaboration among district and municipal-level medical associations,disease control institutions,and vaccination units,the recipients have been promptly and effectively treated,providing financial support for their subsequent treatment and safeguarding their rights.The investigation and disposal procedures for adverse events following immunization in Chongqing are clear,and the mechanism is sound.It is necessary to continue strengthening the monitoring of adverse events following immunization according to the existing plan and to ensure timely and standardized handling.Simultaneously,it is crucial to strengthen vaccine management and vaccination management.

Investigation of Types and Hazard of Weeds in Coffea arabica Orchads in Nujiang River Basin

[Objective] Through the investigation of weeds in Coffea arabica orchads in NuJiang River basin, this study aimed to provide scientific guidance for the weed control and improving the ecological and economic benefits of the plantation of Cof- fea arabica. [Method] The types of weeds and the characteristics of weed occur- rence in Coffea arabica orchads in Nujiang River basin were investigated from July to August in 2012. [Result] The results showed that there were 69 types of weeds belonging to 21 families in Coffea arabica orchads. The predominant harmful types were shown as follows： Commelina nudiflora L. ＋ Leptochloa chinensis, Cyperus ro- tundus L. ＋ Bidens pilosa L. ＋ Eleusine indica, Imperata cylindrical ＋ Ageratum conyzoides L. ＋ Eupatorium odoratum L., Ageratum conyzoides L. ＋ Digitaria san- guinalis （L.） Scop. The preponderant weeds consisted mainly of 10 species, namely, Cyperus rotundus L., Commelina nudiflora L., Leptochloa chinensis, Digitaria san- guinalis （L.） Scop, Imperata cylindrical, Bidens pilosa L., Ageratum conyzoides L, E- upatorium odoratum L., Eleusine indica and Chenopodium serotinum L. [Conclusion] The result from this study is of great significance for the plantation of Coffea arabica in Nujiang River basin, as well as the control of weeds.

Investigation and Analysis on Agricultural Resources in the Main Living Areas of Pumi Nationality in Yunnan Province

[Objective] To fully grasp the living environment and the use of agricultural resources of Pumi nationality, a minority group specific in Yunnan. [Methods]Field investigation and analysis were conducted on the social economic conditions, living environment, types of agricultural resources and their use in the main inhabitances of Pumi people including Yulong, Ninglang, Lanping and Weixi County in Yunnan. [Result] There are certain differences in social and economic situations of the four counties, and the ecological environment is generally good. The main agricultural resources in villages under investigation include beans and coarse cereals, while there are certain differences among other agricultural resources due to their location. [Conclusion] The living environment of the main inhabitances of Pumi people in Yunnan is good and there are plenty and characteristic agricultural resources which have certain potentiality for development in the future.

Investigation on Resources Status of Wild Platycodon grandiflourus in Changbai Mountain Area

[Objective] The aim was to investigate the status of wild Platycodon grandiflourus resources in Changbai Mountain area. [ Method] The habitats and growth environment of the wild Platycodon grandiflourus were investigated, and made a collection of the germplasm resources at 24 sites in Changbai Mountain area. [ Result ] Most of the exiting wild Platycodon grandiflourus survived because of its small roots that means no value and grew in poor or remote conditions that led to much difficulty to dig. The character of wild Platycodon grandiflourus was obviously inferior to cultivated Platycodon grandiflourus. [ Condusion] This study lays a foundation for the genetic diversity analysis and the establishment of germplasm resource pool of wild Platycodon grandflourus in Changbai Mountain Area.

Investigation of Main Fungal Diseases of Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in Hainan Province and Their Pathogen Identification

[ Objective ] The paper was to confirm the current major diseases of pepper in Hainan Province and their corresponding pathogens. [ Method ] The pep- per gardens in 13 main cultivation regions of pepper in Hainan Province were systematically investigated, and the pathogens of the obtained specimens were isolated and identified. [ Result] Seven fungal diseases in pepper were totally investigated, including blast, anthracnose, blight, slow wilt, root rot, basal rot and scleretin- ia disease. Currently, the diseases with serious damage on pepper include blast, anthracnese, blight and slow wilt. [ Conclusion] The result provides the theoreti- cal basis for the integrated control of diseases in pepper, and is also benefit for scientific research workers to master the latest dynamic of diseases.

Investigation and Analysis of Autumn and Winter Ornamental Landscape Plants in Kuitun City of Xinjiang

Through field investigation on autumn and winter ornamental landscape plants in representative main roads, residential areas and parks of Kuitun City and based on relevant materials, the disposition and landscaping of these plants were analyzed from the perspectives of plant species, ornamental characteristics and landscape creation. The result showed that autumn and winter landscape plants in Kuitun City were primarily evergreen coniferous and deciduous trees outstanding for their shapes and colors, and that landscape was created through different types of plant disposition. Especially colors of trunks, barks, leaves, winter buds and fruits' colors provided favorable conditions for appreciating plants in autumn and winter. Finally, suggestions were proposed according to the investigation and analysis of autumn and winter ornamental plants in Kuitun City, so as to provide reference for future construction and development of landscape plants.

Investigation and Development of Rural Tourism Resources in Xi'an City

Rural tourism resources in Xi'an City were comprehensively studied with national standard and classification standard based on characteristics of rural tourism.Through investigation and statistical method,rural tourism resources in Xi'an City were analyzed,based on which further development of those resources was studied.Finally,with Xi'an modern theme park and Yanxiang folk-culture village as typical cases,their tourism developments were analyzed from meso-scale perspective.

Investigation and Analysis of Continuous Cropping of Flue-cured Tobacco in Henan Province

The continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco in the major producing areas of Henan Province by designing questionnaire, fieldwork, enquiry and phone calls, mails, and other forms, the data were obtained then classified and analyzed. The results showed that the main planting areas of flue-cured tobacco were in Nanyang, Xuchang, Luoyang, Sanmenxia, Pingdingshan, and Luohe where were the major producing areas of succession cropping of flue-cured tobacco with percentage of 20%-40% for three years and over three years, and a few places up to 50%. Morbidity was common with wide distribution, and the main diseases were black shank, viral disease, and black rot. It proved that tobacco was not suitable for continuous cropping. Both of tobacco disease and pest rate and mortality significantly increased by more than 40% under continuous cropping for three years and over three years, and the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco also decreased after continuous cropping. For many places, the tobacco yield started to decrease in the second year of continuous cropping, and after three-year cropping, the yield decreased in the range of 9%-24%. Continuous cropping for a long time would make a serious decline in the quality of tobacco, resulting in non-economic benefits. Therefore, in order to reduce the occurrence of diseases and economic loss in tobacco production, it is recommended to avoid continuous cropping, or to adopt appropriate measures to control tobacco continuous cropping obstacles in the unavoidable case.

Investigation on Plant Species and Health Assessment in Roof Garden in East Area of Zhengzhou City

Using the plant of roof garden as an object, the effect of application of plant species, growth status, and health evaluation on the construction of roof garden in east area of Zhengzhou were investigated through the investigation and analysis in order to put forward the main problems of each plant species and select the suitable plant species and configuration. The results indicated that there was no significant difference between the roof garden greening plants and ground greening plant species, however, there was a big problem in terms of plant disease and root aeration. And so the root shallow, barren resistance, wind resistance, drought-tolerant plants were appropriately chosen in the construction of roof garden, in which low small trees, shrubs, ground cover, and climbing plants was given priority to.

An investigational study of non-English majors＇ international communication competence and countermeasures

Based on the data collected from the questionnaires, this paper discusses various problems concerning intercultural communication competence the non-English majors at ＂high-leveled, applicationoriented＂ level faced in Shanghai Institute of Technology. Besides, it analyzes the necessity and feasibility in developing intercultural communication competence, and puts forward some constructive suggestions to enhance intercultural communication competence in adult English teaching.

Investigation and Survey of Graduate Employment of Business English Major——In the case of JMI

Business English Major is the key specialty in Jiangsu Maritime Institute.Grasping and understanding the situation of graduates is of very important meaning to the major construction and the personnel cultivating program.This article is mainly about the investigation and survey of graduate of 2011,and rational suggestions will be put forward on improving the quality of graduate and the major construction and the personnel cultivating program.