The landscape of investigator‐initiated oncology trials conducted in China's Mainland during the past decade(2010–2019)

The number of clinical trials conducted in China's Mainland,including investigator‐initiated trials(IITs),has increased rapidly in recent years.However,there are few data on the characteristics of cancer‐related IITs.We performed a comprehensive analysis of the landscape of cancer‐related IITs in China's Mainland in the past decade.All cancer‐related IITs registered on two clinical trial registries in the United States(www.clinicaltrials.gov,CT.gov)and China's Mainland(www.chictr.org.cn,ChiCTR)from 2010 to 2019 were identified.IITs were reviewed manually to validate classification,subcategorized by cancer type,and stratified by design characteristics to facilitate comparison across cancer types and with other specialties.A total of 8199 cancer‐related IITs were identified.The number of trials registered annually increased over time,especially in the last 5 years.Although interventional studies were predominant,randomized double‐blind studies accounted for only 8%of IITs.In the past decade,the trend for interventional studies conducted with different drugs increased year on year,although the increase in hormonal therapy IITs was not significant.Additionally,cancerrelated IITs were unevenly geographically distributed,with half concentrated in the economically developed cities Shanghai,Beijing,and Guangdong.We also found an increase in registration before participant enrollment(64.9%for trials in conducted in 2015–2019 vs.40.2%in 2010–2014,p<0.001)and data monitoring committee use(44.5%vs.40.0%,p=0.001)and a decrease in randomization(51.5%vs.62.7%,p<0.001)and funding(36.4%vs.56.3%,p<0.001)between these periods.We also observed changes in intervention type(decrease in cytotoxic drug therapy[34.8%vs.48.9%,p<0.001];increase in targeted therapy[17.8%vs.14.2%,p=0.004],immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy[6.6%vs.0.0%,p<0.001],and immune cell therapy[9.6%vs.4.5%,p<0.001]).Details of cancer‐related IITs conducted during the past decade illustrate the merits of oncology research in China's Mainland.Although the increased quantity of IITs is encouraging,limitations remain regarding the quality of clinical trials,regional imbalances,and funding allocation.

A Sender-Initiated Fuzzy Logic Contrnol Method for Network Load Balancing

In this paper, a sender-initiated protocol is applied which uses fuzzy logic control method to improve computer networks performance by balancing loads among computers. This new model devises sender-initiated protocol for load transfer for load balancing. Groups are formed and every group has a node called a designated representative (DR). During load transferring processes, loads are transferred using the DR in each group to achieve load balancing purposes. The simulation results show that the performance of the protocol proposed is better than the compared conventional method. This protocol is more stable than the method without using the fuzzy logic control.

Investigator Argus X-12试剂盒在华东汉族人群中的法医学应用评估

目的调查Investigator Argus X-12试剂盒中所包含的12个X-STR基因座在华东汉族人群中的遗传学数据,考察其法医学应用价值。方法应用Investigator Argus X-12试剂盒对华东地区309名汉族无关个体进行X-STR基因座分型检测,统计分析12个X-STR基因座的频率数据、群体遗传学参数及连锁不平衡状况,并与其他地区汉族人群已有数据进行比较。结果 12个X-STR基因座在华东汉族人群中均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,除基因座DXS10103-DXS10101紧密连锁外,其余基因座间相互独立,杂合度均大于0.5,多态信息含量均大于0.4。除DXS10146频率分布与广东汉族人群差异有统计学意义外,其余基因座上的频率分布差异均无统计学意义。结论 Investigator Argus X-12试剂盒中所包含的X-STR基因座在华东汉族人群中具有高度多态性,适用于法医学中的个人识别和亲权鉴定案例。

Investigator HDplex试剂盒在华东汉族人群中的法医学应用价值

目的调查Investigator HDplex试剂盒中所包含的12个常染色体STR基因座在华东汉族人群中的遗传学数据,考察其法医学应用价值。方法应用Investigator HDplex试剂盒对华东地区484名华东汉族健康无关个体进行常染色体STR基因座分型检测,统计分析12个常染色体STR基因座的频率数据、群体遗传学参数及连锁不平衡状况。结果 12个常染色体STR基因座在本次研究的人群中均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡,各基因座之间相互独立。个人识别率(DP)均大于0.8,在群体中的累积个人识别率(CDP)为0.999 999 999 92,在二联体的累积非父排除率为0.999 82,在三联体的累积非父排除率为0.999 998 6。结论 Investigator HDplex试剂盒中所包含的12个常染色体STR基因座在华东汉族人群中具有良好的多态性,该试剂盒可以作为法医DNA鉴定工作的良好辅助分型工具。

Investigator Portal数据库的快速检索方法

目的:探讨Investigator Portal数据库的快速检索方式。方法:首次以NF-kappa B做为实例介绍了Investigator Portal数据库的快速检索方法。结果:Investigator Portal数据库是基础研究与临床研究不可或缺的数据库之一,为回避基础和临床研究存在的风险提供了理论依据。

基于GIS的电信优化工具:CDMA Investigator

CDMAInvestigator(CI)是基于地理信息系统(GIS)的电信优化工具。它是windows应用程序,能够为系统工程师和操作员提供友好的集成工作平台,以减少电信网络优化和工程服务的工作周期。

INVESTIGATIONS ON THE FORMATION OF INITIAL CRACKS IN THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS PREPARED BY EB－PVD

This paper deals with the mechanism of the formation of initial cracks in the yttria partially stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings prepared by EB-PVD method.The microcracks were only recognized inside the ceramic top coat of the thermalcycled TBCs. SEM/EDS observations indicated that some special oxides exist in the area just below the cracks.It seems that the formation of the initial cracks can result from the oxidation stress as well as the thermal stress.

The Ring-opening Polymerization of D, L-Lactide Initiated with Stannous Octoate

The ring-opening polymerization of D, L-lactide in the melt was systematically investigated by using stannous octoate as the initiator. The molecular weight of poly (D, L-lactide) was characterized with M,. Mn and Mw respectively. The results indicated that five variables, namely purity of monomer, initiator to monomer ratio, vacuum level, polymerization temperature and polymerization time had different influences on the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of poly(D. L-lactide).

Investigating the Initial Errors that Cause Predictability Barriers for Indian Ocean Dipole Events Using CMIP5 Model Outputs

By analyzing the outputs of the pre-industrial control runs of four models within phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, the effects of initial sea temperature errors on the predictability of Indian Ocean Dipole events were identified. The initial errors cause a significant winter predictability barrier(WPB) or summer predictability barrier(SPB).The WPB is closely related with the initial errors in the tropical Indian Ocean, where two types of WPB-related initial errors display opposite patterns and a west–east dipole. In contrast, the occurrence of the SPB is mainly caused by initial errors in the tropical Pacific Ocean, where two types of SPB-related initial errors exhibit opposite patterns, with one pole in the subsurface western Pacific Ocean and the other in the upper eastern Pacific Ocean. Both of the WPB-related initial errors grow the fastest in winter, because the coupled system is at its weakest, and finally cause a significant WPB. The SPB-related initial errors develop into a La Ni ?na–like mode in the Pacific Ocean. The negative SST errors in the Pacific Ocean induce westerly wind anomalies in the Indian Ocean by modulating the Walker circulation in the tropical oceans. The westerly wind anomalies first cool the sea surface water in the eastern Indian Ocean. When the climatological wind direction reverses in summer, the wind anomalies in turn warm the sea surface water, finally causing a significant SPB. Therefore, in addition to the spatial patterns of the initial errors, the climatological conditions also play an important role in causing a significant predictability barrier.

Investigation on the Determination of Initial Shock Pressure at Near Interface Field of TNT Charge and Water for Underwater Explosion

There are few report on the directly measurement of the initial shock pressure of explosive charge at its interface of water for underwater explosion. The special technologies have been taken to the measurement system with manganin piezoresistive gauge （PRG） in order to measure the initial shock pressure at the interface and its near field of TNT chare and water. The free-holding PRG film gauge can directly determine the shock peak pressure at the interface and near field of TNT charge up to 12.85 GPa, which is satisfying for the good agreement to the 12.97 GPa with one dimensional theoretical analysis and 12.86 GPa with numerical simulation. The maximum discrepancy is 0.93 %. The results show that it is precise and reliable to determine the initial shock pressure of underwater explosion charge with the PRG technology.

Numerical Investigation on the Initiation Mechanism of Debris-Flow under Rainfall

Rainfall is an important factor to trigger the debris flow.Numerical simulation on the responses of slopes and the initiation of debris flow under rainfall was processed by using the software FLAC2D based on the soil parameters in Weijia Gully,Beichuan County,Sichuan Province,China.The effects of the slope angle,rainfall intensity,soil parameters on the developments of the stress and pore pressure and deformation of the slope were studied.It indicates that large displacements of the slope are mainly located near the slope toe.With the increase of the rainfall intensity the stability of the slope decreases and so the debris-flow is easy to occur.

A Corpus-based Investigation on News Attitudes towards the Belt and Road Initiative

Newspaper reports contain some attitudes in seemingly objective words. This corpus-based discourse analytical study,by comparing the use of semantic prosodies in the reports from China Daily and the Washington Post relating the Belt and Road Initiative, interprets the news attitudes presented by the two media toward it. The analysis of the news discourse will be carried out firstly with Antconc, a corpus analysis software which enables us to observe the most frequent co-occurrences of the phrases the Belt and Road, One Belt and One Road, New Silk Road and the initiative; and then COCA(Corpus of Contemporary American English) is involved to analyze the semantic prosodies of these co-occurrences, on this basis the semantic prosodies of the above phrases are revealed. The analysis of the semantic prosodies of the above four phrases in the two corpora shows that China Daily hold a supportive attitude toward the Initiative, while the Washington Post hold a complex one.

INVESTIGATION ON EFFECTS OF INITIAL SCHEMES FOR BINARY TYPHOONS ROKE AND SONCA IN 2011

Based on the Tropical Region Atmospheric Modeling System for South China Sea(TRAMS),Typhoon Roke(1115) and Sonca(1116) in 2011 which have large forecast errors in numerical operation prediction,have been selected for research focusing on the initial scheme and its influence on forecast.The purpose is to find a clue for model improvement and enhance the performance of the typhoon model.Several initialization schemes have been designed and the corresponding experiments have been done for Typhoon Roke and Sonca.The results show that the forecast error of both typhoons' track and intensity are less using the initial scheme of relocation and bogus just for the weak Typhoon Sonca,compared with using the scheme for both typhoons.By analysis the influence of the scheme on weak typhoon vortex circulation may be the reason that leads to the improvement.All weak typhoons in 2011 to 2012 are selected for tests.It comes to the conclusion that the initial scheme of relocation and bogus can reduce the error of track and intensity forecast.Besides,the height of cloud top in typhoon vortex constructed by bogus is too high according to weak typhoon.It is feasible to develop a bogus which is suitable for weak typhoon.

Development and Influencing Factors of Compliance Behaviors of Investigators in Clinical Trials

The development and influencing factors of compliance behavior of investigators in clinical trials were explored. According to literature review, a hypothetical model of development of compliance behavior of investigators in clinical trials was established, and the influencing factors of compliance behavior of investigators and their interrelationships were studied based on questionnaire survey of five hundred investigators sampled randomly from one hundred clinical trial institutions in China. Cron- bach＇s alpha coefficient and structural equation modeling were adopted to empirically analyze the re- suits. Six variables in the hypothetical model were included： compliance behavior of investigators, credibility of clinical trial, capability of government regulation, quality control of sponsor, quality con- trol of clinical institution and compliance intention of investigators. Empirical analysis showed that the compliance behavior of investigators in clinical trial was directly affected by compliance intention of investigators, quality control of sponsor and quality control of clinical institution. In addition, credibility of clinical trial and capability of government regulation indirectly affected the compliance behavior of investigators in clinical trial through influencing the compliance intention of investigators, quality con- trol of sponsor and quality control of clinical institution. Quality control of sponsor was affected by credibility of clinical trial and capability of government regulation while quality control of clinical in- stitutinn wan only influenced by capability of government regulation.

Sponsor-investigator-relationship: challenges, recent regulatory developments and future legislative trends

Correct definition and management of sponsor- investigator relationship is of central importance for planing and executing clinical trials. During the last decade, there have been numerous modifications of guidelindes, international and national legislations and regulations. This implicated various alterations and shifts of essential responsibilities and tasks relating to the investigator, sponsor or sponsor-investigator what raised financial, clinical and ethical issues. First experiences with these new regulations and legislations are discussed together with international differences and their impacts on clinical trials. Regarding non-commercial trials and institutional sponsorship, there are still open organizational and legal questions after national implementation of the Europeam Clinical Trials Directive in 2004, although various approaches have been suggested in recent years in Europe. Current trends and controversies are discussed as well. A literature review was performed summarizing recent experiences with current legislations and risen controversies of these new legislations showing impact on future trends.

The Discrete-Analytical Solution Method for Investigation Dynamics of the Sphere with Inhomogeneous Initial Stresses

The paper deals with a development of the discrete-analytical method for the solution of the dynamical problems of a hollow sphere with inhomogeneous initial stresses.The examinations are made with respect to the problem on the natural vibration of the hollow sphere the initial stresses in which is caused by internal and external uniformly distributed pressure.The initial stresses in the sphere are determined within the scope of the exact equations of elastostatics.It is assumed that after appearing this static initial stresses the sphere gets a dynamical excitation and mechanical behavior of the sphere caused by this excitation is described with the so-called three-dimensional linearized equations of elastic wave propagation in initially stressed bodies.For the solution of these equations,which have variable coefficients,the discrete analytical solution method is developed and applied.In particular,it is established that the convergence of the numerical results with respect to the number of discretization is very acceptable and applicable for the considered type dynamical problems.Numerical results on the influence of the initial stresses on the values of the natural frequencies of the hollow sphere are also presented and these results are discussed.

Numerical Investigation on Fracture Initiation Properties of Interface Crack in Dissimilar Steel Welded Joints

Fracture toughness property is of significant importance when evaluating structural safety.The current research of fracture toughness mainly focused on crack in homogeneous material and experimental results.When the crack is located in a welded joint with high-gradient microstructure and mechanical property distribution,it becomes difficult to evaluate the fracture toughness behavior since the stress distribution may be affected by various factors.In recent years,numerical method has become an ideal approach to reveal the essence and mechanism of fracture toughness behavior.This study focuses on the crack initiation behavior and driving force at different interfaces in dissimilar steel welded joints.The stress and strain fields around the crack tip lying at the interfaces of ductile-ductile,ductile-brittle and brittle-brittle materials are analyzed by the numerical simulation.For the interface of ductile-ductile materials,the strain concentration on the softer material side is responsible for ductile fracture initiation.For the ductile-brittle interface,the shielding effect of the ductile material plays an important role in decreasing the fracture driving force on the brittle material side.In the case of brittle-brittle interface,a careful matching is required,because the strength mismatch decreases the fracture driving force in one side,whereas the driving force in another side is increased.The results are deemed to offer support for the safety assessment of welded structures.

Investigation on the Initial Stage of Film Growth in Situ

The initial stage of Ag film growth on Cu(100). Ta(100) and Ta(110) single crystals as well as YBaCuO on Si single crystal covered by Pd was investigated in situ by means of LAS 600 surface analysis system with a sputtering source in sample preparation chamber. The results show that the initial state for Ag / Cu(100) film growth is typical S-K model, for Ag / Ta(100) and Ag / Ta(110)they have the same S-K characteristics, but due to the different surface energies of two crystalline planes. there is some difference for Ag / Ta (100) and Ag / Ta(110). YBCO sputterjng process is rather complex and Cu is the first element appearing in the film.

VINYL RADICAL POLYMERIZATION INITIATED WITH CERIC ION AND ETHYL N, N-DIETHYLDITHIOCARBAMYL ACETATE SYSTEM

Acrylamide polymerization initiated with a redox initiation system consisting of eerie ion and ethyl N,N-diethyldithiocarbamyl acetate (EDCA) has been studied. It was found that the polymerization rate equation is in good agreement with that of a redox initiated polymerization, and the overall activation energy of the polymerization was determined to be 25.2 kJ.mol(-1). Accordingly, the system belongs to a redox initiator. The initiation mechanism was proposed based on the end group analysis using FT-IR, UV spectroscopies. Analysis results revealed that the N, N-diethyldithiocarbamyl radical produced from the redox reaction of EDCA with eerie ion can initiate acrylonitrile (AN) polymerization and form the end group on PAN. The resulting PAN was photopolymerized with butyl acrylate (BE) to form PAN-b-PBA block copolymer.

PHOTOINITIATED POLYMERIZATION BY ARYLIODONIUM SALT/BENZOPHENONE/TERTIARY AMINE BINARY PHOTOSENSITIZATION SYSTEM

A novel binary photosensitization system composed of benzophenone (BP)/diphenyliodonium chloride (DPIOC) Ariethylamine (TEA), exhibiting a good photoresponse at near UV and visible light regions, was used as the initiator for photopolymerization of MMA. The radical photogeneration in the binary system consists mainly of two parallel reactions, i. e. , BP/TEA photohydrogen-abstraction and DPIOC/TEA complex photodecomposition, but the latter is more active than the former. The results of comparative study indicate that the rate of polymerization induced by the binary system (BDT)is remarkably higher than those by the corresponding single systems The polymerization rates are proportional to [BP]^(0.16), [DPIOC]^(0.32) [TEA]^(0.45) and [MMA]. The mechanism is also discussed.