Sodium dehydroacetate treatment prolongs the shelf-life of'Kyoho'grape by regulating oxidative stress and DNA methylation

In this study,we tested the ability of sodium dehydroacetate(SD)to extend the shelf-life of‘Kyoho’grape.Among the different concentrations of SD tested(0,0.01,0.1 and 1.0 mmol L^(-1)),0.01 mmol L^(-1) SD was the most effective in prolonging the shelf-life of‘Kyoho’grape.Compared with the control,the weight loss rate,browning index and hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))and malonaldehyde contents were significantly lower in the 0.01 mmol L^(-1) SD treatment,whereas the healthy berry rate,berry firmness,total soluble solids(TSS)content,ascorbic acid content and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity were significantly higher.In addition,an analysis of‘Kyoho’grape DNA using methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism(MSAP)markers showed that the average DNA methylation level was significantly higher in the 0.01 mmol L^(-1) SD treatment than in the control.Together,these results indicate that 0.01 mmol L^(-1) SD could be used to extend the shelf-life of‘Kyoho’grape.Moreover,a strong connection between reactive oxygen species(ROS)metabolism and DNA methylation change during storage was revealed.

POLYMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE METHYL PHOSPHATE IN THE PRESENCE OF SODIUM POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL)ATE

Poly(ethylene methyl phosphate)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ethylene methyl phosphate) triblock copolymers carrying hydroxyl group at both chain ends were synthesized with sodium poly(ethylene glycol)ate as initiator. The effects of the factors such as solvent, amount of the initiator and reaction time were investigated. The copolymers were characterized by IR, H-1-NMR, H-1{P-31}-NMR, C-13-NMR, P-31{H-1}-NMR, and DSC. High molecular weight of the copolymer and high yield of the polymerization were achieved within 3 min at 25 degrees C. The polymerization process was studied by P-31{H-1}-NMR and transesterification was found during longer polymerization time.

Clinical analysis on the analgesic effect of Methyl Carboprost and Diclofenac Sodium for intracavitary brachytherapy

Objective:To observe the effects of Methyl Carboprost and Diclofenac Sodium on opening orifice of uterus and pain controlling in patients with uterine cervix cancer (UCC) when receiving intracavitary brachytherapy. Methods: Sixty patients with UCC of stage IIA-IIIB were divided into three groups randomly before receiving the intracavitary brachytherapy: the patients in group A received Methyl Carboprost in the hind fornix of the vagina, group B received Diclofenac Sodium in the anus, while group C was the control group. Results: The painlessness rates in groups A, B and C were 89.9%, 91.3% and 36.4%, respectively. The incidences of patients with relaxed uterus cervix in groups A, B and C were 91.7%, 85.9% and 48.9%, respectively. Conclusion: Methyl Carboprost and Diclofenac Sodium are useful in relaxing uterus cervix and pain controlling in patients with UCC when receiving intracavitary brachytherapy.

Study on the effect of methyl bromide and metham sodium fumigation on the soil protozoan community in a greenhouse environment

We examined soil fumigation effects on soil protozoan abundance and community structure in greenhouses and explored the capacity of protozoa to recover after disturbances. A randomized complete block design with five treatments and 4 replicates was set up in Qingzhou, Shandong Province, China. In addition to methyl bromide （MB） and untreated control （CK）, three alternative fumigation treatments were studied, including MB＋VIF （virtually impermeable films）, metham sodium （MS） and MS＋VIF. Tomato cultivars （Lyeopersicum eseulentum Mill）, cv. Maofen-802 were selected as test crops. Results of four fumigations were demonstrated through three-level ten-fold dilution methodology. Abundance of three groups of soil protozoa-flagellates, amoebae, and ciliates was measured from July 2002 to July 2003. Results indicated that two chemical fumigants and their combinations with physical material all significantly repressed soil protozoan abundance. MB was a stronger fumigant than MS, and use of VIF increased their repressive power. The most serious population reduction occurred in amoebae, thus, they also required the longest time to recover. MB and MS also changed the protozoan community structure. MB use decreased the percentage of amoebae but increased percentage of ciliates, while MS incrcased the percentagc of amoebae and decreased the percentage of flagellates in the protozoan community.

Systematic pharmacology analysis of Sodium 8-(((carboxymethyl)amino)methyl)-4',7-bishydroxy-isoflavone-3'-sulfonate

The purpose of this study is to use the newly synthesized molecule Sodium 8-(((carboxymethyl)amino)methyl)-4',7-bishydroxy-isoflavone-3'-sulfonate(M)as a research object,the pharmacological mechanism of the molecule was analyzed by using a series of Systematic pharmacology methods.The results show that the M molecule has a higher drug-like DL value of 0.59 and better molecular property parameters,namely Hdon=4,Hacc=10 and AlogP=0.94;A total of 11 M molecules related targets,namely F2,ESR1,AR,F10,CA2,DPP4,CCNA2,PRSS1,CDK2,GSK3B and PTPN1;A total of 140 diseases are associated with M molecule targets,and these diseases are mainly related to cancer and cardiovascular diseases;A total of 52 pathways involve the pharmacological mechanisms of M molecules,which are mainly related to cancer and other related diseases;GO-enriched analysis showed that these targets are closely related to the regulation of peptidase activity and biological processes such as blood coagulation and hemostasis.This article clearly demonstrated the pharmacological mechanism of M molecule,which provides references for exploring the pharmacological mechanism of new compounds.

Study on the Performance of Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate and Its Application in the Shampoo

The effects of pH and water hardness on the foaming properties of sodium methyl cocoyl taurate and its performance in combination with zwitterionic surfactants were investigated.The irritation of sodium methyl cocoyl taurate and its application in a shampoo formula were also studied.According to the result of experiment,sodium methyl cocoyl taurate had a wide pH stability range and good resistance to hard water,and it showed good synergistic thickening effect with betaine surfactants,especially when mixed with acyl hydroxysulfo betaine;The skin cholesterol dissolution test and red blood cell hemolysis test showed that its irritation was very low.Sodium methyl cocoyl taurate was applied to the transparent shampoo formula,and the sulfate-free transparent shampoo thus prepared had good stability and low eye irritation.It was both mild and non-irritating to skin.

Crystal and Molecular Structure, and Spectral Characteristics of Sodium 3,5-Bis(Hydroxyimino)-1-Methyl-2,4,6-Trioxocyclohexanide

Sodium 3,5-bis(hydroxyimino)-1-methyl-2,4,6-trioxocyclohexanide C7H5N2NaO5 (I) has been isolated as the only product of the reaction of nitrosation of methylphloroglucinol. The structure of the titled compound has been determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. The hydrated C7H5N2NaO52.5H2O crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c, with a(?) 16.408(3);b(?) 12.446(3);c(?) 13.716(3);(o) 126.34(3). The planar organic anion exists in a triketo-dihydroxyimino form with the C–O and C–N distances from 1.220(2) to 1.271(2)?? and from 1.292(2) to 1.293?? respectively. In the IR spectrum of I, the sharp absorption band occurred at 1681 cm-1 due to C=O stretching indicating the strong H-interactions. The correlations of theoretical (DFT-B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ) and experimental UV-vis absorption spectra in neutral and alkaline ethanolic solutions showed the existence of hydroxyimino-nitroso tautomerism while ionization of I.

Assessing the Effects of Solarization and Sodium Azide Amendments on Selected Soil Parameters, Enzyme Activities and Microbial Populations

Soil borne pathogens result in serious losses in yield of crops grown in the United States (US) and various parts of the world. One of the most effective chemicals used to control these pathogens was methyl bromide (CH3Br, MeBr), a pre-plant fumigant with a broad spectrum of activity. Sodium azide has been proposed in combination with solarization as a viable alternative to replace MeBr due to environmental concerns with respect to ozone depletion in the stratosphere and as a possible carcinogen. However, the possible impacts of sodium azide as a soil pollutant and its effect on soil biological processes have not been fully studied. In this study the effect of sodium azide used alone and in combination with solarization and mulching on selected soil enzyme activities (phosphomonoesterases, arylsulfatase and phosphodiesterase) were assessed. Responses of arylsulfatase and phosphodiesterase to solarization and mulching and azide treatment were found to be affected in the same way, suggesting a similar mode of action. Soil pH in control soils was significantly increased by azide application;however, in mulched soils, pH was decreased. The significant decrease in soil pH in mulched soils may be very important in explaining the increase in the acid phosphatase activity observed in mulched soils. Overall, solarization and sodium azide treatment significantly reduced both fungi and bacterial populations but the responses among the various treatments varied significantly.

Impact of Soil Texture and Organic Matter Content on Methyl Isothiocyanate Volatilization from Soil Columns

Metam sodium （MS; sodium N-methyl dithiocarbamate） has emerged as a promising soil fumigant in the US to replace methyl bromide （MeBr）. Metam potassium （MK; potassium N-methyl dithiocarbamate） and MS break down into the volatile gas methyl isothiocyanate （MITC） to control soil borne pests. Many studies have focused on MS, but MK has not been studied as thoroughly. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of increasing organic matter （OM） treatments and soil texture to minimize the off-gassing of MS and MK. Bench-scale soil column studies were performed to simulate organic matter treatments that may decrease the volatilization loss of MITC. Incorporation depth of OM simulated surface tillage （0-15 cm） practices. Soil was packed in steel columns and MS or MK was applied at a depth of 15 cm and MITC volatilization was measured using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Volatilization of MITC behaved similarly for MS and MK with MITC movement impacted by soil texture. MITC volatilization was lower from a sandy clay loam than a sandy soil. Surface incorporation of OM did not significantly decrease MITC volatilization. These results suggest that soil texture is the dominant factor reducing MITC off-gassing and prolonging the time needed to control soil borne pests.

Synthesis of Intermediate N-Chloroformyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]Methyl Carbamate of Indoxacarb

[Objective]The paper was to study a synthetic method suitable for industrial production of intermediate N-Chloroformyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl carbamate of indoxacarb.[Method]Using 4-trifluoromethoxy aniline as the starting material,[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]carbamate was synthesized by homogeneous formylation method without acid-binding agent.Subsequently,it was reacted with sodium methoxide/potassium methoxide by reactive distillation to obtain[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]carbamate ammonium sodium/potassium,then directly reacted with triphosgene to obtain crude products of N-carbonochloridoyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]carbamate;finally,competing product was obtained by recrystallization.[Result]The intermediate N-chloroformyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]carbamate was synthesized by the method.The content of products was higher than 98%.The yield of product reached above 96%(calculated by 4-trifluoromethoxy aniline).[Conclusion]The method used for the synthesis of intermediate N-chloroformyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methyl carbamate was simple,with less three wastes,higher safety and lower cost.

碘甲磺隆钠盐除草剂的合成分析

在国家可持续发展和生态文明建设背景及“绿水青山就是金山银山”的理念下,化学农药在减少作物损失及抑制有害生物的蔓延、改善土壤环境方面起到重要作用。碘甲磺隆钠盐是一种通过抑制乙酰乳酸合成酶起作用的磺酰脲类除草剂,主要适用于小麦作物,由于其高效低毒且对环境友好因而具有广泛的应用前景。文章阐述了碘甲磺隆基本物化性质、作用机理及其合成工艺路线,通过对比选取最优合成路线来指导碘甲磺隆产业化生产。

药液稀释倍数对威百亩分解产生异硫氰酸甲酯及其消解的影响

种植前施用威百亩进行土壤熏蒸消毒,其分解产生的异硫氰酸甲酯(methyl isothiocyanate, MITC)可有效控制土传病原菌。威百亩以滴灌方式施用更为方便、安全,但在滴灌前的稀释过程中可能会水解产生MITC,MITC继续消解或挥发导致进入土壤的有效成分量减少。因此有必要筛选适宜的威百亩稀释倍数,保证MITC在土壤中分布均匀的同时减少威百亩分解及MITC消解和挥发导致的损失。本文研究了不同pH条件下稀释倍数对威百亩水解产生MITC及MITC消解的影响。结果表明,在中性条件下,由威百亩水解产生的MITC量及其消解速率均随稀释倍数增加而增加;在酸性条件下,稀释100倍时MITC的产生量及消解速率均为最大,稀释50倍时MITC的产生量最低,稀释400倍时MITC消解最慢;在碱性条件下,MITC的产生量随稀释倍数增加而增加,消解速率为稀释1 000倍时最快,稀释100倍时最慢。研究结果对滴灌施用威百亩时田间用水量及威百亩用量均具有指导意义。

慢性萎缩性胃炎及癌前病变复合造模法评价

目的 评价复合造模法构建慢性萎缩性胃炎(chronic atrophic gastritis, CAG)及胃癌前病变(precancerous lesions of gastric cancer, PLGC)大鼠模型的可行性。方法 将60只SPF级雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组(n=10)及模型组(n=50)。对照组正常饲养,模型组用N-甲基-N′-硝基-N-亚硝基胍(MNNG)自由饮用+水杨酸钠隔日灌胃+脱氧胆酸钠隔日灌胃+不定期禁食复合造模法构建慢性萎缩性胃炎大鼠模型,造模时间为6个月。于造模第3,4,5,6个月比较模型组与对照组大鼠胃黏膜病理程度,造模后采血,采用ELISA检测血清胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ(PGⅠ)、胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ(PGⅡ)及胃泌素17(G-17)。结果 模型组大鼠复合刺激4个月开始出现胃腺体萎缩,5个月出现纤维化,6个月出现胃腺消失及异型增生,1只出现癌变。模型组6只大鼠异常死亡,造模死亡率为12%。与对照组比较,模型组血清PGⅠ升高(P<0.05),PGⅠ与PGⅡ比值(PG R)降低(P<0.05),G-17降低(P<0.05)。结论 采用复合造模法制备大鼠CAG模型成功率高,结果较稳定,但制备时间较长,且由于大鼠个体差异,造模进程难以完全统一,所有大鼠均出现胃黏膜萎缩,部分大鼠出现PLGC特征,个别大鼠出现癌变。

腐植酸钠改性坡缕石对甲基紫吸附性能的研究

坡缕石(又名凹凸棒石,简写PAL)是一种天然的2:1型的层链状含水富镁、铝硅酸盐黏土矿物,由于其独特的一维棒状晶体形貌和纳米孔道结构,已广泛应用在吸附领域。在水热条件下,将PAL添加到腐植酸钠溶液中,制备了PAL吸附剂。采用电子扫描电镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG)等表征手段系统研究了水热改性对PAL吸附剂微观结构和理化性能的影响,并评价了PAL吸附剂对甲基紫的吸附性能。考察了改性剂浓度、溶液pH、振荡时间对甲基紫吸附量的影响。结果表明,PAL材料可以完全去除100 mg/L染料溶液中的甲基紫,去除率达到98%以上,相比原天然PAL,去除率提高了51%。

直接法合成棕榈酰基甲基牛磺酸钠的催化剂筛选和反应动力学

N-酰基氨基酸型表面活性剂具有优良的表面活性、安全性和生物降解性,广泛应用于日化、医药和食品等领域。以棕榈酸和N-甲基牛磺酸钠为原料经直接法合成棕榈酰基甲基牛磺酸钠,对比分析了金属氧化物、金属氯化物和硼酸系催化剂对棕榈酰基甲基牛磺酸钠合成反应的影响,筛选出适宜的催化剂,并进行反应动力学研究。结果表明,2-氯苯硼酸可有效催化棕榈酰基甲基牛磺酸钠的合成反应,当2-氯苯硼酸质量为棕榈酸质量的4%时,棕榈酰基甲基牛磺酸钠的收率达到97.5%,选择性达到98.4%。在棕榈酸过量的情况下,反应活化能为68.0 kJ/mol,指前因子为1.6×10^(10 )h^(−1)。

奥扎格雷钠关键中间体对溴甲基肉桂酸甲酯的合成工艺研究

以对甲基苯甲醛和乙酸甲酯为原料,经克莱森施密特缩合反应制备对甲基肉桂酸甲酯。优化条件为:m(乙酸甲酯)∶m(对甲基苯甲醛)=5∶1,n(甲醇钠)∶n(对甲基苯甲醛)=2.0∶1.0,反应温度为65℃,优化条件下对甲基肉桂酸甲酯收率92.32%,含量99.38%;对甲基肉桂酸甲酯与N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)反应得到奥扎格雷钠的关键中间体对溴甲基肉桂酸甲酯,优化条件为:溶剂为乙酸甲酯,m(乙酸甲酯)∶m(对甲基肉桂酸甲酯)=4∶1,反应温度为70℃,n(N-溴代丁二酰亚胺)∶n(对甲基肉桂酸甲酯)=1.2∶1.0,优化条件下产品收率88.86%,含量97.48%。该法具有绿色环保、收率高、成本低等优势。

PEI@SA微球制备及其对甲基蓝的吸附研究

以海藻酸钠(SA)为基材,通过交联法制备聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)改性吸附剂PEI@SA,研究其对甲基蓝(MB)的吸附性能。采用SEM和FTIR对吸附剂表面形貌和化学结构进行表征。考察pH值、初始染料浓度、吸附时间对吸附性能的影响,然后对吸附过程进行等温线模型和动力学模型拟合。结果表明:PEI@SA对MB的吸附符合Langmuir吸附模型和准二级动力学模型,吸附过程为单分子层吸附,以化学吸附为主。25°C时对MB最大吸附量为88.34 mg/g,是未改性SA的10倍。

月桂酰甲基羟乙基磺酸钠在清洁产品中的性能研究

研究了化妆品新原料月桂酰甲基羟乙基磺酸钠的增稠、透明度和去污力,并与常见的温和表面活性剂进行性能对比。将8%主表面活性剂与4%椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱复配,通过氯化钠对黏度的影响考察各个表面活性剂增稠的难易程度。实验结果表明,0.5%的盐即可增稠月桂酰甲基羟乙基磺酸钠至5000 mPa·s,而常见的氨基酸类阴离子表面活性剂需要较多盐才能增稠或者难以用盐增稠。考察了室温和4℃下,6%表面活性剂水溶液在pH值5~8范围内的透明度。实验结果表明,月桂酰甲基羟乙基磺酸钠具有良好的透明度,而常见的氨基酸类阴离子表面活性剂中,除月桂酰肌氨酸钠以外均会因温度或pH值变化出现不同程度的不透明或者析出现象。通过使用0.05%表面活性剂水溶液清洁皮脂污布,测量清洗前后污布白度差值衡量其对于皮脂的去污力。实验发现月桂酰甲基羟乙基磺酸钠去污力强于大部分氨基酸类阴离子表面活性剂,接近月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠(SLES)和甲基椰油酰基牛磺酸钠。

低吸湿泡沫混凝土的设计及物理性能

为了构筑低吸湿泡沫混凝土并再生利用热解污泥,以表观密度、导热系数和28 d抗压强度为指标,采用正交设计试验确定了热解污泥粉、甲基硅醇钠和纳米二氧化硅的合理掺量,进而研究了最优组合泡沫混凝土的物理性能.结果表明:以表观密度和导热系数为衡量指标时,热解污泥粉、甲基硅醇钠和纳米二氧化硅的合理掺量分别为30%、1.5%、3.0%,而以28 d抗压强度为衡量指标时,三者的合理掺量分别为10%、0.5%、3.0%;1.5%的甲基硅醇钠使得泡沫混凝土的吸湿性降低了90.6%~95.5%;最优组合泡沫混凝土的导热系数、表观密度和强度满足FC5自保温泡沫混凝土的基本要求.