Fractional Modeling and SOC Estimation of Lithium-ion Battery

This paper proposes a state of charge (SOC) estimator of Lithium-ion battery based on a fractional order impedance spectra model. Firstly, a battery fractional order impedance model is derived on the grounds of the characteristics of Warburg element and constant phase element (CPE) over a wide range of frequency domain. Secondly, a frequency fitting method and parameter identification algorithm based on output error are presented to identify parameters of the fractional order model of Lithium-ion battery. Finally, the fractional order Kalman filter approach is introduced to estimate the SOC of the lithium-ion battery based on the fractional order model. The simulation results show that the fractional-order model can ensure an acceptable accuracy of the SOC estimation, and the error of estimation reaches maximally up to 0.5% SOC. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

Ion-acoustic waves in plasma of warm ions and isothermal electrons using time-fractional KdV equation

The ion-acoustic solitary wave in collisionless unmagnetized plasma consisting of warm ions-fluid and isothermal electrons is studied using the time fractional KdV equation. The reductive perturbation method has been employed to derive the Korteweg-de Vries equation for small but finite amplitude ion-acoustic wave in warm plasma. The Lagrangian of the time fractional KdV equation is used in a similar form to the Lagrangian of the regular KdV equation with fractional derivative for the time differentiation. The variation of the functional of this Lagrangian leads to the Euler-Lagrange equation that gives the time fractional KdV equation. The variational-iteration method is used to solve the derived time fractional KdV equation. The calculations of the solution are carried out for different values of the time fractional order. These calculations show that the time fractional can be used to modulate the electrostatic potential wave instead of adding a higher order dissipation term to the KdV equation. The results of the present investigation may be applicable to some plasma environments, such as the ionosphere plasma.

基于多新息扩展卡尔曼滤波的锂离子电池SOC估计

锂电池具有高能量密度、循环寿命长等优点而被广泛应用于电动汽车动力装置,但车辆运行状况复杂多变,且电池内部呈现高度非线性的性质,导致电池荷电状态(state of charge, SOC)难以准确计算。为优化锂电池SOC估计精度,构建结合Warburg元件的分数阶二阶RC模型,采用自适应遗传算法进行参数辨识;融合多新息理论和扩展卡尔曼滤波算法,提出基于多新息扩展卡尔曼滤波(multi innovation extended Kalman filter, MIEKF)的锂离子电池SOC估计算法,并利用试验数据验证该方法的有效性,为提高SOC估计精度和车载锂电池的循环使用寿命提供了新的方法途径和实践支撑。

Determination of Atomic Fraction of Isotope Carbon-13 Directly in Urea, Benzophenone, Nitrobenzene, Benzoic Acid and 2-Hydroxybenzoic Acid

The possibility of determining atomic fractions of the isotopes of carbon directly in urea, nitrobenzene, benzophenone, benzoic acid and 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid in compounds isotopically modified by all carbon centers, as well as by one or several identical carbon centers is considered. The mass peaks of the mass spectrum that allows determining the atomic fraction of carbon isotopes are selected. The respective formulas are proposed. Until now, isotope analysis of these compounds has been carried out by converting them to carbon monoxide or dioxide, and it has been impossible to determine the atomic fraction of carbon at individual centers.

基于双自适应扩展粒子滤波器的锂离子电池状态联合估计

为了更好地优化电池的能量管理,提高电池的利用效率,加强电池的安全性能,有必要对锂离子电池的荷电状态(SOC)和健康状态(SOH)进行精确估计。为解决噪声协方差取值和粒子采样分布问题,该文首先提出自适应扩展粒子滤波(AEPF)算法,根据状态向量预测的准确度自适应调整噪声协方差,并利用扩展卡尔曼滤波实现粒子分布函数的局部线性化。随后利用双自适应扩展粒子滤波(DAEPF)算法进一步实现电池SOC和SOH的联合估计,避免电池使用过程中模型参数变化对SOC估计的影响,并结合多时间尺度的方法节约所需的计算资源。最后在动态工况条件下对不同电池模型与算法进行对照实验,结果表明,改进后的算法收敛速度明显提升,且能够显著地提高电池的SOC与SOH的估计精度。

样本获取方法对混凝土中氯离子质量分数测定的影响

通过设计混凝土内掺氯离子的试验来消除不同深度处氯离子质量分数差异对测试结果的影响,分析了研磨法、钻孔法以及钻头直径对氯离子质量分数测定结果的影响,并基于假设检验和相对误差分析确定其在混凝土氯离子质量分数测定中的准确度。研究结果表明:虽然研磨法测定的氯离子质量分数结果较为稳定,但是与钻孔法的测定结果相比无显著性差异,为减少对既有结构造成损伤,推荐使用钻孔法进行取样;钻孔法钻头直径对氯离子质量分数测试结果影响很小,在满足相应置信度的推定区间要求下,6,10 mm钻孔直径下推荐的取样数量分别为23个和32个。

一株分离自华南离子吸附型稀土矿的短小芽孢杆菌对稀土元素的吸附行为及机理研究

离子吸附型稀土矿是重要的表生矿床,提供了全球90%以上的重稀土。矿床中活跃的微生物能够通过吸附作用影响稀土元素的富集及分异,然而风化壳中的天然细菌对全配分稀土元素吸附行为及机理的相关研究仍然较为缺乏。本文选用离子吸附型稀土矿风化壳中分离出的短小芽孢杆菌,通过吸附实验研究在不同pH值、吸附时间和细菌浓度条件下,细菌对稀土元素的吸附行为。结果表明,短小芽孢杆菌对稀土元素的吸附容量最大可达41.9 mg/g,且重稀土元素在细菌细胞表面和水体之间的分配系数大于轻稀土元素。TEM图像显示,稀土元素在细菌表面形成沉淀;EDS分析显示,细胞表面大量Na、K、Ca等元素在与稀土元素发生离子交换后被脱除。细胞表面磷与稀土元素的分布一致性指示磷酸基团是稀土元素吸附的重要位点,重稀土元素通过与磷酸基团形成稳定的高配位络合物优先吸附在细菌表面。Zeta电位曲线表明,短小芽孢杆菌等电点为2.8,在高于等电点的pH值条件下,微生物对稀土的吸附存在静电吸引。因此,在表生环境中,微生物能够通过形成微沉淀、离子交换、表面络合和静电作用的多种机制吸附稀土元素,促进稀土元素的富集及分异。另外,短小芽孢杆菌有望作为潜在的生物吸附剂应用于稀土元素提取及回收。

Rapid chemome profiling of Artemisia capillaris Thunb. using direct infusion-mass spectrometry

Background:As one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)for the treatment of various liver diseases,virgate wormwood herb(Artemisia capillaris Thunb.)has a long application history in TCM practices.It has been well established that the chemical composition is responsible for the pronounced therapeutic spectrum of A.capillaris.Although they are comprehensive,the time-intensive liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry(LCeMS/MS)assays cannot fully satisfy the analytical measurement workload from many test samples.Direct infusion-MS/MS(DIeMS/MS)may be the optimal choice to achieve high-throughput analysis if the mass spectrometer can universally record MS2 spectra.Methods:According to the application of gas phase ion fractionation concept,the MS/MSALL program enables to gain MS2 spectrum for each nominal m/z value with a data-independent acquisition algorithm via segmenting the entire MS1 ion cohort into sequential ion pieces with 1 Da width,when sufficient measurement time is allowed by DI approach.Here,rapid clarification of the chemical composition was attempted for A.capillaris using DIeMS/MSALL.A.capillaris extract was imported directly into the electrospray ionization interface to obtain the MS/MSALL measurement.After the MS1-MS2 dataset was well organized,we focused on structural characterization through retrieving information from the available databases and literature.Results:Twenty-six compounds were found,including 12 caffeoyl quinic acid derivatives,7 flavonoids,and 7 compounds belonging to other chemical families.Among them,24 ones were structurally identified.Compared with the LCeMS/MS technique,DIeMS/MSALL has the advantages of low-costing,solvent-saving,and time-saving.Conclusions:Chemical profiling of A.capillaris extract was accomplished within 5 min by DIeMS/MSALL,and this technique can be an alternative choice for chemical profile characterization of TCMs due to its extraordinary high-throughput advantage.

基于支持向量机回归的粉煤灰混凝土氯离子质量分数预测

基于自然潮差环境下粉煤灰混凝土长期暴露试验,获取了3150组自由氯离子质量分数数据,建立了基于支持向量机回归方法(Support Vector Regression,SVR)的粉煤灰混凝土中自由氯离子质量分数预测模型。该模型研究了数据预处理方法,核函数以及超参数优化方法对自由氯离子质量分数预测精度的影响,分析了水灰比、粉煤灰掺量、暴露时间和渗透深度4个输入参数对自由氯离子质量分数预测结果的影响大小。同时,开展基于未测参数的自由氯离子质量分数预测。结果表明:当采用归一化的数据预处理方式,并使用径向基核函数及贝叶斯优化算法时,自由氯离子质量分数预测结果最佳。当自由氯离子质量分数小于0.1%时,所构建的SVR模型得到的预测值与实际氯离子质量分数存在较大差距。

Isospin- and momentum-dependent interaction in isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics

An isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamical model （IQMD） is developed, with the isospin degree of freedom in the momentum-dependent interaction（MDI） included in IQMD, to obtain an isospin- and momentum-dependent interaction （IMDI） in IQMD. We investigate the effect of IMDI on the isospin fractionation ratio and its dynamical mechanism in the intermediate energy heavy ion collisions. It is found that the IMDI induces the significant reductions in the isospin fractionation ratio for all of beam energies, impact parameters, neutron-proton ratios and mass number of colliding systems. However, the strong dependence of isospin fractionation ratio on the symmetrical potential is preserved, with the isospin degree of freedom included in the MDI, i.e. the isospin fractionation ratio is still a good probe for extracting the information about the equation of state of isospin asymmetrical nuclear matter.

Water Role and Its Influence on Hydrogen Isotopic Composition of Natural Gas during Gas Generation

In order to discuss the role and influence of water during the generation of natural gas,the participation mechanism of water during the evolution of organic matter and its influences were summarized.In addition,we carried out an anhydrous cracking experiment of oil extracted from the Feixianguan Formation source rock in a closed system,which led to the establishment of the kinetic models for describing carbon and hydrogen isotopic fractionation during gas generation from organic matter.The models were calibrated and then applied to the northeastern Sichuan Basin.By combining a series of gas generation experiments from octadecane pyrolysis without water or with distilled water in varying mass proportions,several results were proved:(1) the hydrogen isotopic composition of natural gas becomes lighter with the participation of formation water;(2) we can quantitatively study the hydrogen isotopic fractionation with the kinetic model for describing carbon isotopic fractionation; (3) more abundant and reliable geological information can be obtained through the combined application of carbon and hydrogen isotopic indices.

Readout electronics of a prototype time-of-flight ion composition analyzer for space plasma

Readout electronics is developed for a prototype time-of-flight(TOF) ion composition spectrometer for in situ measurement of the mass/charge distributions of major ion species from 200 to 100 ke V/e in space plasma.By utilizing a constant fraction discriminator(CFD) and time-to-digital converter(TDC), challenging dynamic range measurements were performed with high time resolution and event rates. CFD was employed to discriminate the TOF signals from the micro-channel plate and channel electron multipliers. TDC based on the combination of counter and OR-gate delay chain was designed in a highreliability flash field programmable gate array. Owing to the non-uniformity of the delay chain, a correction algorithm based on integral nonlinearity compensation was implemented to reduce the time uncertainty. The test results showed that the electronics achieved a low timingerror of < 200 ps in the input range from 35 to 500 m V for the CFD, and a time resolution of ～550 ps with time uncertainty < 180 ps after correction and a time range of6.4 ls for the TDC. The TOF spectrum from an electron beam experiment of the impacting N_2 gas further indicated the good performance of this readout electronic.

辣木籽凝乳酶的提取分离条件优化

为给辣木籽凝乳酶的开发利用提供理论依据,以脱脂辣木籽粉为原料,采用盐法提取、硫酸铵(AS)分级沉淀和离子交换色谱法提取分离凝乳酶。通过单因素试验和正交试验对辣木籽凝乳酶的盐法提取条件进行优化,采用单因素试验对离子交换色谱法分离纯化条件进行优化,并采用SDS-PAGE和RP-HPLC对分离得到的辣木籽凝乳酶的分子质量和纯度进行分析。结果表明:盐法提取的最佳条件为料液比1∶10、提取温度30℃、pH 7.15、NaCl浓度0.3 mol/L、提取时间0.5 h;在20%~40%AS饱和度下的沉淀蛋白凝乳活性最好且蛋白质总占有率达61.71%;离子交换色谱法的最佳分离条件为进样质量浓度30 mg/mL、流动相pH 5.15、流速1.68 mL/min、流动相组成为0.05 mol/L醋酸钠+0.05 mol/L氯化钠,在此条件下辣木籽凝乳酶的凝乳比活力值达到24 SU/mg;该凝乳酶的分子质量主要分布在35~45 kDa,纯度达到90%以上。采用该方法能有效提取分离辣木籽凝乳酶,且能很好地保持其凝乳活性。

考虑微推力器输出特性的引力波探测卫星分数阶PID控制

针对微波离子推力器工作中出现的非预期电击穿及温漂带来的推力低频扰动,兼顾无拖曳系统超低带宽及强鲁棒需求,将其转换为频域约束指标,并以扰动抑制能力为目标函数设计了分数阶PID作为无拖曳控制器。仿真研究表明,相比较经典的PID控制器,该控制对系统的各种扰动具有良好的鲁棒性,能够抑制推力器打火、温漂带来的控制影响,最终实现了更高的控制精度。研究为考虑微推进系统的引力波探测无拖曳卫星高精度控制方法提供了借鉴。

矿样粒级对稀土离子反吸附影响研究

在离子型稀土矿原地浸矿过程中,交换出的稀土离子会再次被矿石颗粒吸附。为研究矿样粒级对稀土离子反吸附的影响,以4种粒级(-0.5、0.5~1、1~2、2~3 mm)稀土矿样为研究对象,以质量浓度分别为0.6 g/L的Y^(3+)(钇离子)和5 g/L的(NH4)2SO4混合溶液为试验溶液,开展了液固比为1∶1的柱浸试验,分析了溶液在不同粒级矿柱内渗流过程中Y^(3+)的反吸附行为规律,结果表明,粒级越小,溶液渗流越均匀,穿透时间越长,浸出液中Y^(3+)质量浓度变化越小,Y^(3+)峰值质量浓度越小,峰宽越窄,Y^(3+)反吸附质量越大;通过对比不同粒级矿柱上、中、下位置矿样中Y^(3+)反吸附质量发现,沿溶液渗流方向Y^(3+)反吸附质量逐渐减小,且粒级越小,变化幅度越大。

射血分数降低的急性心力衰竭患者血清钠离子对病情严重程度及预后的评估价值

目的探讨射血分数降低的急性心力衰竭患者血清钠离子对病情严重程度及预后的评估价值。方法选取2020年1月至2022年1月聊城市第三人民医院收治的120例射血分数降低的急性心力衰竭患者为研究对象,其中男性73例,女性47例,年龄62~81(69.17±4.36)岁。所有患者均进行血清钠离子水平检测和心功能检查,比较不同心功能分级患者的血清钠离子水平和左心室射血分数(LVEF),分析血清钠离子与心功能分级、LVEF的相关性。随访所有患者6个月,以全因死亡或不良心血管事件为观察终点分为预后不良组和预后良好组,比较两组临床特征,并采用logistic回归分析预后影响因素。结果Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级心功能患者的血清钠离子水平分别为(128.64±8.34)mmol/L、(117.34±10.05)mmol/L、(104.13±10.56)mmol/L,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级心功能患者的LVEF分别为(39.46±3.73)%、(33.19±5.58)%、(28.69±5.21)%,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,血清钠离子与心功能分级呈负相关(r=-0.644,P<0.05),与LVEF呈正相关(r=0.395,P<0.05)。随访所有患者6个月,以全因死亡或不良心血管事件为观察终点,预后不良一共37例,预后良好一共83例。单因素分析结果显示,预后不良组和预后良好组患者年龄、心功能分级、LVEF、高血压、糖尿病、钠离子水平、服用利尿剂比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,校正年龄、心功能分级、LVEF、高血压、糖尿病后,两组患者血清钠离子水平差异仍有统计学意义(OR=0.589,95%CI 0.264~0.903,P<0.05)。绘制受试者工作特征曲线分析显示,钠离子对急性心力衰竭患者预后具有显著的预测价值(曲线下面积=0.822,95%CI 0.744~0.899)。结论血清钠离子水平可作为评估射血分数降低的急性心力衰竭患者病情严重程度和预后的有效指标。

无锡冬季和春季大气中细粒子化学组分及其特性分析

本研究对无锡冬(2011年1月)春(2011年5月)两季PM2.5、PM10颗粒物浓度进行了传统的膜采样及离线检测分析,并运用大气气体/气溶胶水溶性离子在线收集及分析(GAC-IC)系统对PM2.5颗粒物中水溶性无机离子(WSII)进行了在线检测,时间分辨率为30 min.无锡冬、春两季PM2.5的浓度分别为108.15±41.76μg·m-3和84.40±26.74μg·m-3,其PM2.5/PM10比值分别为0.81±0.07和0.78±0.07,有较强的二次气溶胶生成过程.铵可用性指数(J冬季=101.2%±22.3%,J春季=79.5%±20.2%)分析表明冬季无锡大气颗粒物中铵(NH+4)相对比较富余,而春季则出现铵(NH+4)亏损现象,春季光化学反应更为活跃,硫氧化率(SOR)由冬季的0.15±0.05增至春季的0.35±0.13,硫酸盐(SO2-4)浓度增加明显,导致铵(NH+4)相对不足.硫氧化率(SOR)没有明显的季节变化,冬、春两季均为0.15.细粒子中的WSII与气态污染物、气象因子、硫氧化率(SOR)和氮氧化率(NOR)等的主成分分析表明无锡大气光化学反应与污染物的其他来源,例如工业源、交通移动源、生物质燃烧源等,有很好的协同作用,共同推高了大气中颗粒物的浓度.观测期间同时测得冬季PM2.5颗粒中有机碳(OC)与元素碳(EC)浓度之间有较好的相关性(R2=0.839),两者有一个共同的主导源,而春季来源则比较复杂,两者相关性较差;二次有机碳(SOC)的半定量分析表明春季大气中有机气溶胶的形成有较强的二次转化过程.

基于分数阶理论的车用锂离子电池建模及荷电状态估计

针对电动汽车动力锂离子电池的状态估计问题,提出一种基于分数阶等效电路建模方法,并采用分数阶卡尔曼滤波算法估计电池荷电状态(SOC)。首先建立基于二阶等效电路的分数阶电池模型,采用遗传算法辨识阶数,然后利用分数阶卡尔曼滤波算法估计电池SOC,并与扩展卡尔曼滤波算法进行比较。实验结果表明,在恒流放电下采用分数阶模型,其端电压最大绝对误差为0.014V,SOC最大估计误差不超过2%。本文提出的基于二阶等效电路的分数阶模型及分数阶卡尔曼滤波算法,不仅给出了一种准确、可靠的建模方法,而且为有效提高电池管理系统中SOC估计的准确性提供了途径。

锂电池分数阶建模与荷电状态研究

针对锂电池荷电状态估计不准确的问题,在对不同荷电状态的锂电池电化学阻抗谱进行了分析的基础上,利用分数阶建模思想建立了分数阶阻抗模型,并设计出一种分数阶卡尔曼滤波器,同时利用混合动力脉冲能力实验对建立的分数阶模型进行了参数辨识,从而实现了锂电池荷电状态的估算。实验及仿真结果表明:所设计的分数阶阻抗模型与分数阶卡尔曼滤波器能准确地描述锂电池的特性,使得荷电状态估算精度得以提高;在城市道路循环工况下,锂电池的电压追踪误差可以稳定在0.05V之内,在初始荷电状态未知的条件下,电池的荷电状态估计误差可以稳定在±1%。

^(12)C^(6+)离子束照射不同肿瘤细胞显示重离子治疗癌症的明显优势

通过观察两种人恶性肿瘤细胞(人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721和人黑色素瘤细胞A375)对高LET12C6+离子和γ射线辐照的敏感性及其差异,考察重离子治疗肿瘤的可行性及优势。以这两种体外培养的来源于人体不同组织的具有高辐射抗性的恶性肿瘤细胞为实验对象,分别进行12C6+和γ射线0-6Gy内不同剂量点的单次和分次照射,采用克隆存活法统计细胞的存活分数。结果显示,无论是单次还是分次照射,12C6+照射后两种细胞的存活分数均明显低于γ射线照射,而且两种细胞的辐射敏感性差异明显降低,同时分次照射细胞的存活分数没有明显提高。结果表明,高LET重离子照射对肿瘤细胞能明显提高杀伤能力,同时降低了不同细胞辐射敏感性的差异且导致细胞低的修复。以上特点与重离子剂量深度分布相结合,使得重离子在治疗肿瘤时具有特殊的优势。