Feasibility investigation on deep ocean compact autonomous Raman spectrometer developed for in-situ detection of acid radical ions

A newly developed Deep Ocean Compact Autonomous Raman Spectrometer （DOCARS） system is introduced and used for in-situ detection of acid radical ions in this paper. To evaluate the feasibility and capability of DOCARS for quantitative analysis of the acid radical ions in the deep ocean, extensive investigations have been carried out both in laboratory and sea trials during the development phase. In the laboratory investigations, Raman spectra of the prepared samples （acid radical ions solutions） were obtained, and analyzed using the method of internal standard normalization in data processing. The Raman signal of acid radical ions was normalized by that of water molecules. The calibration curve showed that the normalized Raman signal intensity of SO4^2-, NO3^-, and HCO^-3 increases linearly as the concentration rises with correlation coefficient R^2 of 0.99, 0.99, and 0.98 respectively. The linear function obtained from the calibration curve was then used for the analysis of the spectra ,data acquired in the sea trial under a simulating chemical field in the deep-sea environment. It was found that the detected concentration of NO3 according to the linear function can reflect the concentration changes of NO~ after the sample was released, and the detection accuracy of the DOCARS system for SO^2-_4 is 8%. All the results showed that the DOCARS system has great potential in quantitative detection of acid radical ions under the deep-sea environment, while the sensitivity of the DOCARS system is expected to be improved.

PHOTOCHEMICAL[2+2]CYCLOADDITION VIA RADICAL ION INTERMEDIATES.A CIDNP EVIDENCE

The photochemical[2+2]cycloaddition reaction of carbonyl compunds and alkenes was studied by photochemical induced dynamic nuclear spin polarization.

RADICAL POLYMERIZATION OF VINYL MONOMER INITIATED BY CERIC ION/TARTARIC ACID

The polymerization of acrylamide and acrylonitrile using ceric ion as initiator can be promoted greatly by the tartaric acid. The kinetics of acrylamide polymerization initiated by ceric ion/tartaric acid has been studied. The presence of the species of tartaric acid in Polyacrylonitrile produced by using ceric ion/tartaric acid as niitiator has been confirmed by FT-IR analysis.

Stable Radical Ion Pairs Induced by Single Electron Transfer:Frustrated Versus Nonfrustrated

Single electron transition reactions between amines(Lewis base)and B(C_(6)F_(5))_(3)(Lewis acid)in cooperation with benzoquinones gave rise to a frustrated radical pair 3 and a nonfrustrated radical pair 4.Both of them were isolated as stable crystals and studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,superconducting quantum interference device measurements,electron paramagnetic resonance,nuclear magnetic resonance,and UV–vis spectroscopy.Antiferromagnetic exchange coupling was observed among both 3 and 4.Radical anion and cation are basically separated in 3,while 4 featured a relatively strong anion-cationπ–πstacking interaction.This work demonstrated that the Lewis acid coupled electron transfer is an efficient way to prepare stable radical ion pairs.

Unusual Single Electron Transfer Reactions between Alkenes and Iodine Electrophiles

The electrophilic addition to an alkene with an electrophile has been widely studied and applied in organic synthesis.The organic chemistry textbook describes the classical reaction between an alkene and an iodine electrophile(such as elemental iodine and N-iodosuccinimide(NIS))as a typical ionic reaction,in which an iodonium ion is formed and then attacked by a nucleophile.However,in this article,we report a new and unusual reaction mode between an alkene and NIS;that is,a single electron transfer(SET)process occurs between these two reactants by forming an electron-donor acceptor complex.Not only does this unusual single electron transfer reaction between an alkene and NIS add fundamentally important knowledge to organic chemistry,it also provides a valuable synthetic method as the new SET reaction mode with opposite regioselectivity as compared with the traditional ionic mode.

Photoinduced Dehalocyclization to Access Oxindoles Using Formate as a Reductant

Herein,we report an efficient and practical protocol for the photoinduced dehalocyclization of ortho-halophenylacrylamides with formate by the engagement of a CO_(2) radical anion to access substituted oxindoles.This method proceeds smoothly under mild conditions and exhibits a wide range of substrate as well as remarkable functional group compatibility.

Electrophotocatalytic Reductive 1,2-Diarylation of Alkenes with Aryl Halides and Cyanoaromatics

Comprehensive Summary The radical-mediated reductive functionalization of aryl halides has been extensively studied.However,the related radical-mediated intermolecular reductive 1,2-diarylation of alkenes,using aryl halides as aryl radical sources,remains unexplored.Herein,a new electrophotocatalytic intermolecular reductive 1,2-diarylation of alkenes is reported using aryl halides and cyanoaromatics to produce polyarylated alkanes.Using synergistic cathodic reduction and visible-light photoredox catalysis,various electron-rich and electron-deficient aryl halides are combined with various alkenes and cyanoaromatics to characterize the broad substrate scope,excellent functional group compatibility,and excellent selectivity of this reaction.Mechanistic investigations reveal that this reaction may proceed via a radical process initiated by the reductive generation of aryl radicals from aryl halides and terminated by radical-radical coupling with cyanoaromatic radical anions.

Matrix-Mediated Color-Tunable Ultralong Organic Room Temperature Phosphorescence of 7H-Benzo[c]carbazole Derivatives

Building on the recent systematic research on 1Hbenzo[f]indole(Bd),an important advancement in constructing ultralong organic room temperature(UORTP)materials with a universal strategy via a readily obtained unit(7H-Benzo[c]carbazole,BCz)is proposed in this work.Pure powders of BCz and its derivatives merely exhibit blue fluorescence at ambient condition.However,when BCz and its derivatives are dispersed into polymer or powder matrixes,strong photo-activated green UORTP can be observed from their doped systems at room temperature.Moreover,the UORTP color can be tuned between green and yellow depending on the matrix.The ultralong phosphorescence originates from the generation of charge-separated states via radicals.The matrixes play a key role in both stabilizing charge-separated states and controlling UORTP color.More interestingly,when using polymethyl methacrylate as matrix,the doped films achieve stronger photo-activated ultralong phosphorescence underwater than in air at room temperature.Comparedwith Bd,BCz achieves better performance not only in ultralong phosphorescence properties but also in practical applications.This work gains a deeper insight into the mechanism of UORTP and paves a new approach to applying organic phosphorescent materials to underwater coating and imaging.

A comparison between Ce(Ⅲ) and Ce(Ⅳ) ions in photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants

Nano cerium oxides are efficient photocatalysts for pollutants degradation with highly dispersed Ce（III） ions as the suggested active species to promote the reaction, while Ce（IV） species do not behave as a catalyst. In this paper, to understand the mechanism of Ce-based photocatalysts, we studied the comparison of simple cerium ions, Ce（III） and Ce（IV） in aqueous solution for organic pollutants degradation under UV irradiation. Orange II（AOII）, methyl orange, and p-nitrophenol were selected as the target pollutants. The formation and contribution of reactive oxygen species, the kinetics of Ce（IV） photoreduction and Ce（III） photooxidation, and the influence of solution p H were investigated in detail. It was found that at low p H Ce（IV） ions showed a higher activity for hydroxyl radicals production and AOII degradation than Ce（III） ions, which could be attributed to its fast reduction rate to Ce（III）. However, its activity dramatically decreased when solution p H increased, and was also strongly influenced by the type of pollutants; while Ce（III） exhibited high degradation efficiency of all the tested pollutants over a wide pH range.

Mechanistic Studies on Propargyl Alcohol-Tethered Alkylidenecyclopropane with Aryldiazonium Salt Initiated by Visible Light

This paper discloses the reaction mechanism of two consecutive but different visible light photo-induced chain processes for the rapid construction of spirobi[indene]skeletons.The first process is triggered by a photo-induced single-electron-transfer(SET)of an electron donor-accepter(EDA)complex.The second process is initiated by a direct SET process between aryldiazonium salt and the excited allenic intermediate.In these two processes,another SET took place respectively on the in situ formed radical intermediate to realize a redox-neutral outcome.The mechanistic studies have been carried out by control experiments,kinetic and spectroscopic analyses,deuterium labeling experiments to support these two chain processes.