Adsorption behavior of uranyl ions onto amino-type adsorbents prepared by radiation-induced graft copolymerization

Amino-type adsorbents(ATAs) were prepared by radiation-induced graft copolymerization of 4-hydroxybutyl acry late glycidyl ether(HB) onto a polyethylene-coated polypropylene(PE/PP) duplex fiber of a non-woven fabric,and modified with different amines of ethylenediamine(EDA),diethylenetriamine(DETA),triethylenetetramine(TETA) and diethylamine(DEA).The adsorption behavior of uranyl ions onto the ATAs was studied in batch experiments.The effects of the contact time,initial concentration of the ions,temperature,and pH value.The salinity were investigated along with the adsorption kinetics and the adsorption isotherms.The kinetic experimental data followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model,and the adsorption isotherms correlated well with the Langmuir model.The ATAs showed good efficiency in adsorbing uranyl ions,with the best saturation adsorption capacity being 64.26 mg g^(-1) for ATA-DETA within 120 min.The temperature dependence of ATADETA was quite abnormal and the quickest behavior was obtained at 25 ℃.ATAs showed good adsorption capacity over a wide pH range of 4.0-8.5,and HCl could be used in the elution process.Salinity of the solution had great effect on the adsorption capacity,3.5%salinity resulted in a 55%loss of capacity from ATA-DETA.The selectivity of ATA-DETA showed an order of:UO_2^(2+)≈Fe^(3+)> Zn^(2+) > VO_3^- > Co^(2+) > Ni^(2+).

Removal of Anionic Metal Ions from Wastewater by Hydroxide-type Adsorbents

Generally speaking,anionic metal concentrations in wastewater from industries and mineral processing plants are well above the allowed limits for effluent set by the Ministry of Environment of Japan. Nowadays,the removal of anionic ions has been considered difficult and development of new process is desperately needed. In this paper,we report the development of three hydroxide-type adsorbents,illustrating their adsorption efficiency in removing As,Se,Mo and Sb ions from aqueous solutions. The main finding of this work was that the adsorption behavior was influenced very much by both the pH and the adsorbent concentration. Nevertheless,the newly developed hydroxide-type adsorbents were very effective in reducing the concentration of those anionic ions.

PREPARATION OF UREA NITROGEN ADSORBENT OF COMPLEX TYPE AND ADSORPTION CAPACITY OF UREA NITROGEN ONTO THE ADSORBENT

The urea nitrogen adsorbent of complex type, which consists of chitosan coated dialdehyde cellulose （CDAC） and immobilized urease in gelatin membrane （IE）, was prepared. The cellulose, the dialdehyde cellulose （DAC） and the CDAC were characterized by scanning electronic microscope. The results indicate that the cellulose C2-C3 bond was broken under the oxidation of periodate and it was oxidated to DAC. The DAC was coated with chitosan and the CDAC was obtained. The adsorption of urea nitrogen onto the adsorbent in Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4 buffer solution was studied in batch system. The effects of the experiment parameters, including degree of oxidation of CDAC, initial urea nitrogen concentration, pH and temperature, on the adsorption capacity of urea nitrogen onto the adsorbent at CDAC/IE weight ratio 10：1 were investigated. The results indicate that these parameters affected significantly the adsorption capacity. The adsorption capacity of urea nitrogen onto the adsorbent was 36.7 mg/g at the degree of oxidation of CDAC 88%, initial urea nitrogen concentration 600 mg/L, pH 7.4 and temperature 37℃.

Synthesis of Amine-type Adsorbents with Emulsion Graft Polymerization of 4-hydroxybutyl Acrylate Glycidylether

Radiation induced graft polymerization on polymeric matrix followed by functionalization is widely accepted for the preparation of metal adsorbents. In this paper, a pre-irradiation method was used for emulsion graft polymerization of 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate glycidylether (4-HB) onto polyethylene/polypropylene (PE/PP) nonwoven fabric. The degree of grafting (Dg) which can be calculated by weight increment was determined as a function of reaction time, irradiation dose, and monomer concentration. After 30 kGy irradiation, with 4-HB concentration of 5%, surfactant Span 20 of 0.5% at 40°C for 2 h, the trunk polymer was made grafted at a Dg of 135%. 4-HB-grafted PE/PP nonwoven fabric was modified by ethylenediamine (EDA) in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) as a solvent at 60°C. With a Dg of 135%, the amine group density of the adsorbent is 2.8 mmol/g. The adsorption test was carried out by batch experiment in several metal ion solutions, and the removal ratio from the EDA modified adsorbent of the metal ions is in the order of Cu2+ > Pb2+ > Zn2+ > Ni2+ > Li+. Compared with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) which is a typical functional monomer for graft polymerization, 4-HB-grafted adsorbent exhibited not only better mechanical property but also higher adsorption capacity of Cu2+ and Pb2+.

Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions by Adsorbent from Waste Mycelium Chitin

The adsorption properties of chitin adsorbent from mycelium of fermentation industries for the removal of heavy metal ions were studied. The result shows that the chitin adsorbent has high adsorption capacity for many heavy metal ions and Ni2+ in citric acid. The influence of pH was significant:When pH is higher than 4.0, the high adsorption capacity is obtained,otherwise H+ ion inhibits the adsorption of heavy metal ions. The comparison of the chitin adsorbent with some other commercial adsorbents was made, in which that the adsorption behaviorchitin adsorbent is close to that of commercial cation exchange adsorbents, and its cost is much lower than those commercial adsorbents.

Fluoride Removal by Lanthanum Alginate Bead: Adsorbent Characterization and Adsorption Mechanism

Lanthanum alginate bead is a new, highly active adsorbent. In the present study, we investigated its ad- sorption performance and its adsorption mechanism. The adsorption isotherm for fluoride onto lanthanum alginate b ead fits the Langmuir model well, and the maximum adsorption capacity is 197.2 mg·g-1. X-ray diffraction shows the amorphous nature of lanthanum alginate bead, which allows for better accessibility to fluoride and thus better activity. Infrared spectra of lanthanum alginate bead before and after adsorption confirm its stable skeletal structure. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the dense surface structure of the adsorbent appear cracks after adsorption. T he adsorption mechanism of lanthanum alginate bead is considered as an ion exchange between F- and Cl- or OH-, as verified from the adsorbent and the solution by pH effect, energy dispersive X-ray, and ion chromatography.

Behavior of leaching and precipitation of weathering crust ion-absorbed type by magnetic field

With weathering crust Ion-Absorbed Type Rare Earth （IATRE） ores in southern Jiangxi as an example, rare earth percolation leaching and leaching solution precipitation process research were carried out under conditions of magnetic field. The effect on the rare earth leaching process such as magnetic field strength, magnetization time, magnetization manner, and other factors were discussed. The effect on the mother rare earth liquor sedimentation rate, purity, and crystallization behavior such as magnetic field strength, magnetization time, and magnetization manner were investigated. Leaching and precipitation mechanism of magnetization on IATRE were analyzed. The results showed that the magnetic treatment can improve leaching rate of weathering crust IATRE and the sedimentation rate, and reduce consumption of reagents.

Study on a cold-cathode H^- PIG-type ion source

A cold-cathode Penning Ion Gauge(PIG) type ion source as the internal ion source of an 11 MeV cyclotron is designed and tested at Institute of Fluid Physics.The design considerations and some testings are presented.Experimental results of Balmer-line-Emission show that the discharge characteristic,which is mainly determined by gas-flow rate,is not very sensitive to arc current and magnetic field in the operation ranges of the cyclotron.The arc power decreases and ascends while the gas-flow rate goes up from 0.5 SCCM to 20 SCCM.By improving the sealing design and reducing the machine tolerance of the source,the minimum power consumption reduces from 9 SCCM to 4 SCCM,thus having better energy efficiency and benefiting for the pumping system.Preliminary DC extractions show that H–microampere current ranges from several tens to hundreds under different operation conditions.Some problems during the experiments and future plan are discussed in the end.

Study on Material Composition and REE－host Forms of Ion－type RE Deposits in South China

in the ion-type RE deposite in South China, the host rocks of REE minerals are igneous and metamorphic rocks , such as granite, granite-porphyry, granitite, muscovite granite, granodiorite, rhyolite, tuff, lamprophyre, alkaline rocks, granite-gneiss, stuff, gneissic granite.These various types of rocks occurred in the environment of humid subtropical zone with a specific topographic relief. During a long-term geological process, they were weathered and alterated into montmorillonite, gibbstite, vermiculite and the dioctahedral type of clay minerals, such as kaolinite, halloysite-0. 7 nm , halloysite-1. 0 nm and ferrohalloysite. All of these clay minerals are the REE carriers. The REE in the ion-type RE deposits came from there source: 1) the REE -bearing rock-forming minerals in host rock, such as microcline and amphibole:2) the accessory minerals in host rocks, such as allanite, gadolinite-(Y), sphene , parisite-(Y), and fergusonite-(Y). For a long geological time the weathering and leaching processes caused the minerals to be disintegrated and to free REE ions. The REE cations can be adsorbed on various clay minerals associated. The categories of ion -type RE deposite depend on the species of RE minerals and the lithological characters of the host geological body in the ore deposit area.

Preparation of Chelating Polymer Grafted Magnetic Adsorbent and Its Application for Removal of Pb(Ⅱ) Ions

A novel magnetic chelating adsorbent （CPMS） with iminodiacetate functionality was prepared by polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate-iminodiacetic acid （GMA-IDA） monomer with N, N-methylenebisacrylamide as crosslinker in the presence of monodisperse magnetic silica microspheres （MS）. CPMS was characterized by IR, SEM, VSM and TGA. The experimental results revealed that MS was embedded in the gel polymer, but the morphology of CPMS was irregular. The saturation magnetization for CPMS was found to be 28.4 emu/g, and the percentage of GMA-IDA polymer grafted on MS was about 46.5%. CPMS were shown to be efficient for the removal of Pb（II） ions at pH 3.0 - 6.0, and the adsorption data obeyed the Langmuir equation with a maximum adsorption capacity of 54.4 mg？g？1 at pH 5.0. Moreover, the adsorption rate of CPMS was fast and it took about 5 minutes to achieve adsorption equilibrium in aqueous solution of lower lead ions concentration.

Lithium ion conductivity of complex hydrides incorporating multiple closo–type complex anions

We report the lithium ionic conductivities of closo –type complex hydrides synthesized from various molar ratios of lithium borohydride(LiBH4) and decaborane(B10H14) as starting materials. The prepared closo –type complex hydrides comprised [B12H12]^2-, [B11H11]^2-, and [B10H10]^2- complex anions. In addition, increasing the LiBH4 content in the starting materials increased the amounts of [B11H11]^2- and [B10H10]^2-, leading to an improved ion conductivity of the prepared sample. The present study offers useful insights into strategies for controlling the complex anion composition in emerging solid electrolytes of closo-type complex hydrides at the molecular level, and improving their ionic conductivities.

Bleaching with the Mixed Adsorbents of Activated Earth and Activated Alumina to Reduce Color and Oxidation Products of Anchovy Oil

Fish oil is a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids,and its refinement has drawn attention for years.An appropriate adsorbent can effectively remove the pigment impurities in the fish oil.This study evaluated the impact of different absorbents on the reduction of oxidation products and color of anchovy oil during the decolorization under high vacuum.Using the single factor design,four process parameters including adsorbents type,adsorbent amount,temperature and time were tested to determine the optimum decolorization parameter.The results showed the optimum decolorization conditions were that the fish oil was treated with 8%acti-vated alumina at 80℃for 40 min.In the central group experiment,the addition amounts of mixed absorbents(activated earth and activated alumina),including the mass ratio of adsorbent in oil(5%-11%,w/w)and the mass ratio of activated earth in total absor-bent(20%-80%,w/w)were optimized to remove the oxidation products.Under the optimum condition at 10.18%of adsorbent and 70%of activated earth,the total oxidation value(TOTOX value)showed the minimum with the 44.4%of removal rate.Eight metal elements were analyzed in decolorized oil using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).The removal rates of Zn and Pb were 94.12%and 55.35%,respectively.The decolorization process using mixed absorbents under appropriate condition can significantly reduce the oxidation products and pigments in fish oil,which will benefit the industrial production of fish oil.

Recycling of Cobalt by Liquid Leaching from Waste 18650-Type Lithium-Ion Batteries

In this work, we recover cobalt from waste 18650-type lithiumion batteries by acid leaching. The cathode material is completely dissolved, after leaching waste batteries by using 10 mol/L industrial sulfuric acid at 70℃ for 1 h. The rate of cobalt leaching is nearly 100%. Removal of sodium carbonate, iron, aluminum and other impurities from the leaching solution was well performed by adjusting the pH to 2-3 with stirring vigorously. Finally, under the conditions of 55℃-60℃ of 240 A/m2 current density, electrodeposition current efficiency was 90.01%, the quality of the electrical output achieved cobalt 1A standard electrolytic cobalt, cobalt until greater than 90% yield. The process is easy and suitable for large-scale lithiumion batteries used in the recovery of valuable metals.

T-type calcium channel expression in cultured human neuroblastoma cells

Human neuroblastoma cells （SH-SY5Y） have similar structures and functions as neural cells and have been frequently used for cell culture studies of neural cell functions.Previous studies have revealed L-and N-type calcium channels in SH-SY5Y cells.However,the distribution of the low-voltage activated calcium channel （namely called T-type calcium channel,including Cav3.1,Cav3.2,and Cav3.3） in SH-SY5Y cells remains poorly understood.The present study detected mRNA and protein expres-sion of the T-type calcium channel （Cav3.1,Cav3.2,and Cav3.3） in cultured SH-SY5Y cells using real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and western blot analysis.Results revealed mRNA and protein expression from all three T-type calcium channel subtypes in SH-SY5Y cells.Moreover,Cav3.1 was the predominant T-type calcium channel subtype in SH-SY5Y cells.

缺陷型巯基功能化MOF的制备及其重金属离子吸附性能

水中的重金属离子对人体伤害巨大,特别是Pb(Ⅱ)和Hg(Ⅱ)离子,因此需要去除Pb(Ⅱ)和Hg(Ⅱ)离子。通过调节合成过程中浓盐酸的用量,合成了具有不同缺陷程度的巯基功能化锆基金属有机框架(zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks, Zr-MOF)材料,简称UiO-66-(SH)_2,并将其用于液相中Pb(Ⅱ)和Hg(Ⅱ)离子的吸附去除。通过UiO-66-(SH)_2对Pb(Ⅱ)和Hg(Ⅱ)离子的吸附实验,发现随着制备过程中盐酸用量的增大,MOF的缺陷程度升高,其对Pb(Ⅱ)和Hg(Ⅱ)离子的吸附能力也有所增强。缺陷型UiO-66-(SH)_2对较低质量浓度的Pb(Ⅱ)(50 mg/L)和Hg(Ⅱ)(70 mg/L)离子的最大吸附量分别可达45和259 mg/g,且对这2种重金属离子具有较好的吸附选择性。经过3次循环吸附后,缺陷型UiO-66-(SH)_2对Pb(Ⅱ)和Hg(Ⅱ)离子的吸附能力没有明显下降,表明该材料在水中重金属离子去除应用上具有一定的潜力。

Classification of B and Y Ions in Peptide MS/MS Spectra Based on Machine Learning

In proteomics, b and y ions serve as the backbone ions for peptide sequencing in tandem mass spectrometry. Leveraging the existing ion recognition and separation methods, this article proposes a novel ion classification approach that combines machine learning with graph theory. By incorporating graph features, the method achieves higher accuracy and efficiency in ion type recognition, with the graph features playing a critical role in the classification process. Specifically, the method achieves a recall rate of nearly 90% for b and y ions, demonstrating its effectiveness in pre-processing de novo sequencing and improving its accuracy. The proposed method represents advancement in ion classification and has the potential to improve the accuracy and efficiency of de novo sequencing.

La^(3+)/NH_(4)^(+)在双电层内交换过程中铵的吸附规律

离子交换反应过程中铵的吸附规律是浸矿剂用量计算的基础。以化学纯高岭土为吸附剂,以镧离子为吸附质,制备高岭土饱和镧矿样,采用不同浓度铵离子浸取矿样中的镧离子。结果表明:当铵离子浓度为1~5 mg/L时,铵只出现物理吸附;当铵离子浓度大于300 mg/L时,铵开始出现化学吸附;离子交换吸附开始时,铵离子吸附量为0.012 mg/g,双电层内ζ电势趋于0,滑动面与扩散层最外层几乎重合。通过铵的解吸实验,得到镧离子交换完全后,物理吸附态、离子交换态和固定态的所占比例分别为30%、65%和5%;铵的总吸附量与镧离子浸出量之间的摩尔比接近5∶1。此结果为高岭土作为主要黏土矿物的离子型稀土矿浸矿剂的用量计算提供理论依据。

赣南加里东期重稀土矿赋矿母岩岩石成因及地质意义

前人对燕山期重稀土赋矿母岩研究较多,加里东期赋矿母岩报道较少。本文对加里东期赣南孙屋岩体黑云母二长花岗岩开展岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学、Lu-Hf同位素及Sr-Nd同位素研究,并对其稀土含矿性进行探讨。孙屋岩体SiO_(2)含量为69.70%~73.00%,K2O/Na2O值为1.38~2.20,A/CNK值1.20~1.67,属于高硅高钾钙碱性-钾玄S型花岗岩。轻稀土相对富集((La/Yb)N=6.78~10.38),中等负铕异常(δEu=0.43~0.63)。两件花岗岩锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(451±3.8)Ma和(461±5.6)Ma,属中奥陶世。锆石Hf同位素地壳模式年龄(TDMC)为1918~1496 Ma,全岩Nd同位素二阶段模式年龄(TDM2)为1.79~1.76 Ga,显示岩浆源区主要为中元古代下地壳麻粒岩相源岩,岩体为华南加里东早期陆内造山环境花岗岩。孙屋岩体(含)稀土矿物经过风化可形成离子吸附型重稀土矿床,加里东期花岗岩在今后的重稀土矿产勘查工作中应给予足够重视。本文的研究成果可为加里东期花岗岩风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿找矿提供参考。

水体重金属离子吸附材料的研究进展

重金属污染对水生态环境造成了严重影响并对人类健康产生巨大伤害。吸附法因其环保、便捷、低成本等优势备受关注。综述了近年来水体重金属离子污染物吸附材料的研究进展,主要围绕碳基吸附材料(活性炭、纳米管、石墨烯)、合成/天然聚合物(纤维素、壳聚糖、海藻酸盐)及其与无机物的复合吸附材料以及金属有机骨架(MOFs)吸附材料等的种类及特征、吸附原理、吸附效果以及改性方法等方面,以期为水体重金属污染的低成本和高效治理提供理论依据。