DDFS spurious signals due to amplitude quantization in absence of phase-accumulator truncation

Spurious signals in direct digital frequency synthesizers （DDFSs） are partly caused by amplitude quantization and phase truncation, which affect their application to many wireless telecommunication systems. These signals are deterministic and periodic in the time domain, so they appear as line spectra in the frequency domain. Two types of spurious signals due to amplitude quantization are exactly formulated and compared in the time and frequency domains respectively. Then the frequency spectra and power levels of the spurious signals due to amplitude quantization in the absence of phase-accumulator truncation are emphatically analyzed, and the effects of the DDFS parameter variations on the spurious signals are thoroughly studied by computer simulation. And several important conclusions are derived which can provide theoretical support for parameter choice and spurious performance evaluation in the application of DDFSs.

Amplitude variation characteristics of active source airgun signals at Qilian Mountain

In this study,Qilian Mountain active source airgun signals recorded at 79 stations were obtained after stacking waveforms from July 2015 to December 2016.Based on analysis of the amplitude variation characteristics of the airgun signals,the following conclusions were drawn:along the NW-SE fault distribution direction of the Qilian Mountain area,the decrease in amplitude of airgun signals was relatively slow in relation to the epicentral distance,while the decrease in amplitude in the direction perpendicular to the fault was relatively fast.This difference may be related to the energy loss of seismic waves reflecting and scattering by the regional faults mainly distributed along the NW-SE direction,which are caused by tectonic compression of the QinghaiTibet and Alxa blocks.

Transfer characteristics of dynamic biochemical signals in non-reversing pulsatile flows in a shallow Y-shaped microfluidic channel: signal filtering and nonlinear amplitude-frequency modulation

The transports of the dynamic biochemical signals in the non-reversing pulsatile flows in the mixing microchannel of a Y-shaped microfluidic device are ana- lyzed. The results show that the mixing micro-channel acts as a low-pass filter, and the biochemical signals are nonlinearly modulated by the pulsatile flows, which depend on the biochemical signal frequency, the flow signal frequency, and the biochemical signal transporting distance. It is concluded that, the transfer characteristics of the dynamic biochemical signals, which are transported in the time-varying flows, should be carefully considered for better loading biochemical signals on the cells cultured on the bottom of the microfluidic channel.

Stochastic Resonance in a Single-Mode Laser Driven by Quadratic Colored Pump Noise:Effects of Biased Amplitude Modulation Signal

A single-mode laser noise model driven by quadratic colored pump noise and biased amplitude modulationsignal is proposed.The analytic expression of signal-to-noise ratio is calculated by using a new linearized procedure.Itis found that there are three different typies of stochastic resonance in the model:the conventional form of stochasticresonance,the stochastic resonance in the broad sense,and the bona fide SR.

A new tracking error detection method using amplitude difference detection for signal waveform modulation multi-level discs

The sub-land/sub-pit affects the characteristic of the tracking error signal which is generated by the conventional differential phase detection （DPD） method in the signal waveform modulation multi-level （SWML） read-only disc. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a new tracking error detection method using amplitude difference. Based on the diffraction theory, the amplitude difference is proportional to the tracking error and is feasible to be used for obtaining the off-track information. The experimental system of the amplitude difference detection method is developed. The experimental results show that the tracking error signal derived from the new method has better performance in uniformity and signal-to-noise ratio than that derived from the conventional DPD method in the SWML read-only disc.

Stochastic Resonance in Linear Region of a Single-Mode Laser: Effects of Amplitude Modulation of Signal

A single-mode laser noise model driven by quadratic colored pump noise and amplitude modulation signal is proposed. The real and imaginary parts of the pump noise are assumed to be cross-correlation. The effect of cross- correlation of noise and amplitude modulation of signal on laser statistical properties is studied by using the linearized approximation. The analytic expression of signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） is calculated. It is found that the phenomena of stochastic resonance （SR） respectively exist in the curves of the SNR versus the noise cross-correlation coefficient λ and the SNR versus the pump parameter a, as well as the SNR versus the signal frequency ω in our model. It is shown that there are three different typies of SR in the model： the conventional form of SR, the SR in the broad sense, and the bona fide SR.

Research on the Seismic Wave Characteristics of Low Frequency Signals before the Alxa Left Banner MS5.8 Earthquake in Inner Mongolia,China

In order to search for the seismic wave characteristics of low frequency signals in the Alxa Left Banner region,Inner Mongolia,the low frequency signals of seismic wave data are extracted from the earthquakes of MS5. 8 in 2015 and MS5. 0 in 2016 in this area. The results show that:① Before the MS5. 8 earthquake,the seismic stations located near the epicenter in Wuhai,Dongshengmiao,and Shizuishan recorded seismic waves that showed the phenomenon of spectrum shift from high to low frequency.② The low frequency signals recorded by different stations have obvious difference.③ According to the data recorded by the station closest to the epicenter,low-frequency signals were recorded about120 hours before the earthquake and had obvious anomalies. This may reflect slow slip before the earthquake.

The application of Gaussian distribution deconvolution method to separate the overlapping signals in the 2D NMR map

The 2D NMR(T_(1)-T_(2))mapping technique,which can be used to separate different proton populations from various sources(hydroxyls,solid organic matter,free water,and free HC)has gained attention in petroleum industry.To separate proton contributions,a fixed straight line is commonly employed to separate different regions representing proton sources on the map.However,some of these regions(Region 1 and 2)might overlap which makes extracting the NMR signal amplitude from these regions inaccurate.In order to solve this issue,in this study,we applied the Gaussian distribution deconvolution method to separate the T_(1)and T_(2)relaxation distributions and then derived the signal amplitude of each region instead of following the common fixed line approach.Next,we employed this method to analyze several shale samples from the literature and compared the results following both methods to verify our methodology.Finally,samples from the Bakken Shale were studied to separate signals from Region 1 and Region 2 and corelated the results with geochemical properties that were obtained from programmed(Rock Eval)pyrolysis.Results demonstrated an improvement in their relation when our approach is employed compared to the fixed line technique to differentiate signal from overlapping regions.This means the Gaussian distribution deconvolution method can be used with confidence to provide us with more accurate petrophysical and geochemical understanding of complex formations.

Determination of Total Vector Error of the Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) Using the Phase Angle Error of a Constant Amplitude Voltage Signal

This paper investigates the effect of the Phase Angle Error of a Constant Amplitude Voltage signal in determining the Total Vector Error (TVE) of the Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) using MATLAB/Simulink. The phase angle error is measured as a function of time in microseconds at four points on the IEEE 14-bus system. When the 1 pps Global Positioning System (GPS) signal to the PMU is lost, sampling of voltage signals on the power grid is done at different rates as it is a function of time. The relationship between the PMU measured signal phase angle and the sampling rate is established by injecting a constant amplitude signal at two different points on the grid. In the simulation, 64 cycles per second is used as the reference while 24 cycles per second is used to represent the fault condition. Results show that a change in the sampling rate from 64 bps to 24 bps in the PMUs resulted in phase angle error in the voltage signals measured by the PMU at four VI Measurement points. The phase angle error measurement that was determined as a time function was used to determine the TVE. Results show that (TVE) was more than 1% in all the cases.

Bistable Stochastic Resonance Enhanced 4-ary PAM Signal Detection under Low SNR

To boost the performance of 4-ary pulse amplitude modulated(PAM) at low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR), bistable stochastic resonance(BSR) system is introduced into digital communications system and get a reliable signal detection scheme. In this paper, we first analyse BSR system for different amplitudes of 4-ary PAM signals. The steadystate of the bistable system will be statistically distinct, and the feasibility of the proposed detection scheme is confirmed. On this basis, we present a detailed study on steady-state transitions of the BSR system, and an explicit expression of the bistable system parameters is derived. By setting the bistable system parameters, bistable system, 4-ary PAM signal, and noise reach the resonance state, and the BSR-based detection scheme is implemented. Moreover, we derive an analytical expression to calculate the symbol error rate(SER) of 4-ary PAM signals with the BSR-based detection under additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN). Finally, the simulation results validate that BSR-based detection scheme can improve the detection performance while efficiently reducing the symbol error rate.

Research on the weak acoustic signal features based on magneto-acoustic effect

The electrical characteristics of tissue yield valuable information for the early diagnosis of pathological changes. Magneto-acoustic tomography( MAT) is a novel functional imaging approach for imaging electrical conductivity. It combines the advantages of high spatial resolution of ultrasonic imaging and high contrast ratio of electrical impedance tomography. It has potential application value in the early tumor diagnosis and bioelectricity monitoring. The analysis and detection of the magneto acoustic signal have a key role in improving the contrast resolution,imaging resolution and reconstruction accuracy of the electrical conductivity image. In this paper,the amplitude,the waveform characteristics and the frequency characteristics of the magnetic sound signal are review ed by the theoretical research,simulation and testing experiments of the weak magneto-acoustic signal.

Singular spectrum analysis for the time-variable seasonal signals from GPS in Yunnan Province

Studying the seasonal deformation in GPS time series is important to interpreting geophysical contributors and identifying unmodeled and mismodeled seasonal signals.Traditional seasonal signal extraction used the least squares method,which models seasonal deformation as a constant seasonal amplitude and phase.However,the seasonal variations are not constant from year to year,and the seasonal amplitude and phase are time-variable.In order to obtain the time-variable seasonal signal in the GPS station coordinate time series,singular spectrum analysis(SSA)is conducted in this study.We firstly applied the SSA on simulated seasonal signals with different frequencies 1.00 cycle per year(cpy),1.04 cpy and with time-variable amplitude are superimposed.It was found that SSA can successfully obtain the seasonal variations with different frequencies and with time-variable amplitude superimposed.Then,SSA is carried out on the GPS observations in Yunnan Province.The results show that the time-variable amplitude seasonal signals are ubiquitous in Yunnan Province,and the timevariable amplitude change in 2019 in the region is extracted,which is further explained by the soil moisture mass loading and atmospheric pressure loading.After removing the two loading effects,the SSA obtained modulated seasonal signals which contain the obvious seasonal variations at frequency of 1.046 cpy,it is close with the GPS draconitic year,1.040 cpy.Hence,the time-variable amplitude changes in 2019 and the seasonal GPS draconitic year in the region could be discriminated successfully by SSA in Yunnan Province.

Simultaneous optical signal to noise ratio and symbol rate estimation with blind chromatic dispersion compensation for auxiliary amplitude modulation optical signals

Based on the peak to valley ratio（PTVR） of the average magnitude difference function（AMDF）, we present a novel optical signal to noise ratio（OSNR） and symbol rate（SR） estimation method for commonly used auxiliary amplitude modulations（AAMs）. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the influence of chromatic dispersion（CD）on the method can be mitigated by maximizing the PTVR of the AMDF with additional tunable dispersion compensators. The results of simulations show that the OSNR estimation error can be kept within 0.8 dB in the wide OSNR range of（12, 32） dB, while the SR estimation error is below 0.079% for four widely used10 Gsymbol/s AAM signals.

Effect of inertial mass on a linear system driven by dichotomous noise and a periodic signal

A linear system driven by dichotomous noise and a periodic signal is investigated in the underdamped case. The exact expressions of output signal amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） of the system are derived. By means of numerical calculation, the results indicate that （i） at some fixed noise intensities, the output signal amplitude with inertial mass exhibits the structure of a single peak and single valley, or even two peaks if the dichotomous noise is asymmetric; （ii） in the case of asymmetric dichotomous noise, the inertial mass can cause non-monotonic behaviour of the output signal amplitude with respect to noise intensity; （iii） the curve of SNR versus inertial mass displays a maximum in the case of asymmetric dichotomous noise, i.e., a resonance-like phenomenon, while it decreases monotonically in the case of symmetric dichotomous noise; （iv） if the noise is symmetric, the inertial mass can induce stochastic resonance in the system.

Enhanced quadrature signaling-based cooperative transmission with full rate and full diversity

Quadrature signaling-based cooperative transmission is an efficient and simple scheme to obtain spatial diversity.However,this scheme causes date rate loss compared with direct transmission.In this work,our focus is on recovering from the data rate loss while simultaneously achieving spatial diversity.Particularly,an enhanced quadrature signaling-based cooperative scheme was designed,which can realize full-rate transmission by using the signal space diversity(SSD)technique.Then,accurate bit error rate(BER)expression for the full-rate scheme was derived over independent and non-identically distributed(INID)Rayleigh fading channels.Specifically,a closed-form BER expression is obtained,which is quite tight over the whole SNR range,and thus allows for rapid and efficient evaluation of system performance under various channel conditions.Moreover,an asymptotic approximation of the BER was derived to show that the full-rate scheme can achieve full diversity.Simulation results verify the tightness of the analysis and show that the full-rate scheme significantly outperforms the traditional quadrature signaling-based scheme by about 2 dB with the same complexity order.

GNSS线极化天线干涉信号反演土壤湿度算法测试

利用全球导航卫星系统干涉信号(GNSS-IR)测量土壤湿度已成为热门的研究课题。搭载低成本线性极化天线的智能手机可以方便快捷采集干涉信号信噪比(SNR)。分别仿真垂直和水平线性极化天线采集的GNSS干涉信号,给出2种极化方式下干涉信号SNR波形和反射率随卫星高度角变化的结果。对于垂直极化分量,电磁波会在入射角65°~85°左右时发生全透射,导致干涉信号振荡效果消失,而水平极化不存在该现象。同时,分别仿真右旋圆极化(RHCP)直射和左旋圆极化(LHCP)反射天线采集的GNSS信号,并计算直反射信号的幅值比。在仿真基础上分别利用不同极化天线进行实验,结果表明:采用线性极化天线采集的GNSS干涉信号振荡效果几乎不受卫星高度角的限制,可以为土壤湿度反演提供更多的有效数据,并且反演得到的土壤湿度与同位数据具有良好的一致性,两者的相关性达到0.95。使用搭载圆极化天线的双通道接收机采集北斗系统卫星数据进行对比,相关性达到0.91。对于不同的设备,智能手机采集的GNSS数据占用空间相对比于双通道接收机降低1%,且反演结果相关性接近,由于干涉信号提取直反射信号需要一定的振荡周期,故反演结果的时间分辨率要低于双通道接收机。

应用平均幅度差函数之和分析心电信号对除颤最佳时机的预测价值

目的应用平均幅度差函数之和(the sum of average magnitude difference function,SAMDF)处理室颤的心电信号,通过与常用预测除颤时间方法振幅谱面积(amplitude spectrum area,AMSA)进行对比找到预测除颤时间更优的方法。方法应用56头重(40±5)kg雄性家猪,诱导室颤后进行10 min未处理的室颤、6 min的心肺复苏和除颤。在室颤和心肺复苏过程当中会记录每1 min SAMDF和AMSA的数据并记录下来。进而计算受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线,应用单向方差分析(one-way analyses of variance,one-way ANOVA)以及正负样本散点图的比较,以此说明两者均能优化最佳除颤时间。比较除颤成功组(Group R)和除颤失败组(Group N)的SAMDF和AMSA的数值以说明两者预测除颤成功的能力。结果散点图显示SAMDF和AMSA均能够区分阳性和负样本(P<0.001)。ROC曲线显示SAMDF(AUC=0.801,P<0.001)和AMSA(AUC=0.777,P<0.001)一样有着相同的能力预测最佳除颤时间。两组SAMDF和AMSA数值比较,Group R的SAMDF和AMSA数值明显高于Group N(P<0.001)。结论SAMDF在优化预测除颤时机方面具有很高的潜力,并且可以作为AMSA等现有有效预测除颤时机特征的补充。

基于单PD直接检测Twin-SSB-QPSK信号的光纤通信系统

针对孪生单边带正交相移键控(Twin-SSB-QPSK)信号在光传输过程中的高成本问题,提出了一种在接收端采用单光电探测器(PD)直接检测Twin-SSB-QPSK信号的光纤通信系统。在接收端不需要采用光带通滤波器(OBPF)对Twin-SSB-QPSK信号的两路光单边带信号进行分离,而是利用直接检测的拍频效应,通过单PD直接检测孪生的两路光单边带QPSK信号产生相干叠加的单路16阶正交幅度调制(16QAM)信号。仿真演示了两路56 Gbit/s的QPSK信号叠加为一路112 Gbit/s的16QAM信号,并与传统的单路16QAM信号传输方案进行了仿真对比。仿真结果表明,该方案在降低系统器件要求和部署成本的同时并没有带来额外的功率代价。

运行状态下GIS设备振动特性差异性研究

机械类缺陷/故障是当前GIS设备最为常见的问题之一,对于此类缺陷目前尚无可用的现场检测装置及机械缺陷评估方法。文中通过现场检测方式,开展了220 kV及550 kV GIS不同气室的振动特征对比分析研究。研究结果表明:三相母线室的振幅最高,可能原因在于三相母线在壳体上产生的磁感应强度更大,壳体的振动幅值更大;同类气室不同测点的幅频特性相关系数均在0.993以上,不同类气室的测量结果相关系数较低,幅频特性及其相关系数可以在一定程度上表征GIS的不同气室振动状态;振幅和相位、检测位置和电压等级之间相关性不强;大多数气室主要频率成分均为100 Hz,避雷器振动的主要频率变为300 Hz,可能与避雷器内部轻微缺陷有关。

一种压电换能器热释电防护电路设计

该文探讨了压电材料热释电效应产生的机理,得出压电换能器中压电陶瓷材料受温度变化会产生极化电荷,引起的热释电压会使压电换能器输出信号幅值增大,导致输出失效。因此针对热释电问题提出了两点解决方案。经过对比分析设计了一种ESD保护电路来解决热释电问题。该ESD保护电路通过设计一种改进型二极管钳位电路,针对压电换能器存在的极化电荷构建热释电释放环路,消除了热释电压对有用信号收发的影响。最后,通过对比实验验证了设计方案的可行性。