One-pot Synthesis of Lewis Acidic Ionic Liquids for Friedel-Crafts Alkylation

Novel Lewis acidic ionic liquids containing thionyl cations and chloroaluminate anions were obtained by one-pot synthesis for the first time. Their acidities were determined by acetonitrile probe on IR spectrography. The ionic liquids were used as catalyst for Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene and 1-dodecene. The turnovers of l-dodecene were higher than 99%. Monoalkylbenzene selectivity was 98%, while the 2-substituent product selectivity was 45%.

Solvent Free One-Pot Synthesis of 1,2,4,5-Tetrasubstituted Imidazoles Catalyzed by Secondary Amine Based Ionic Liquid and Defective Keggin Heteropoly Acid

Secondary amine based ionic liquid and defective Keggin type heteropoly acid (HPA) are separately used for efficient one-pot four-component synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles assisted by microwave (MW). Eco-friendly solvent free procedure, short reaction time, high yield of products and reusability of catalysts are important features of the synthesis. A comparative study on the efficiency of the two catalysts is reported. This work further demonstrates the alternate use of urea, instead of often used ammonium acetate, as source of nitrogen.

Novel manganese(Ⅱ)-based deep eutectic solvents: Synthesis and physical properties analysis

Type IV deep eutectic solvent（DES） involves the formation of metal-based eutectics from metal salts or metal salt hydrate in combination with various hydrogen-bond donors（HBDs） such as urea, ethylene glycol or acetamide. In current study, two distinguished approaches were used to synthesize potential DESs, given as the direct heating and the evaporating methods. Successful synthesized DESs were subjected for physical properties characterization by Fourier Transform Infrared（FTIR） Spectroscopy, thermal stability, viscosity,and conductivity analyses. Five novel manganese（II）-based DESs were successfully synthesized as reported in this study. Data obtained indicated that the Mn Cl2á4H2Oáacetamide DES exhibits the lowest freezing point（27.5℃）, highest thermal stability（193℃ point of dehydration）, lowest viscosity（E = 112.8cP） and the highest conductivity（0.12723 mS/cm）. The findings obtained reveal the characteristics, nature or features of synthesized DESs as potential industrial solvents.

Novel N-methylimidazolium Chiral Ionic Liquids with Esterfunction Functionality in Cation

Using （S）-（-）-2-chloropropionie acid ethyl ester and N-methylimidazole as raw materials, we designed and synthesized three N-methylimidazolium chiral ionic liquids by the nucleophilic substitution reaction or anion exchange reaction. These chiral ionic liquids structures were analyzed with structure optimization calculation, IR, and HNMR. Their reaction mechanism and physical chemistry properties were explored. As a result, these chiral ionic liquids possess optical activity, low melting point, high conductivity, and weak acidity, etc. They can serve as effective reaction media as well as chiral catalysts. They are presently being investigated as dispersion agent in molecular imDrinting, nlover in our laboratory.

Ionic Liquids: Progress and Prospective

爱奥尼亚的液体(IL ) 是由于他们的唯一的性质在最近的年里吸引了大注意的绿溶剂。在这篇论文，在 IL 的基本研究和应用的最近的进步被总结了，与物理性质，催化反应，和生化工程的话题上的强调。在 IL 的应用的批评问题是地址，并且 IL 未来最后被预言。

Revisiting greenness of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents

Green solvents are one of the hot topics of green chemistry.Ionic liquids(ILs)and deep eutectic solvents(DESs)are deemed as green solvents to a certain extent,and they have been applied in many areas,such as dissolution,separation,catalysis,electrochemistry and material synthesis.However,the greenness of ILs and DESs should be revisited because more and more evidences have shown that they are not always green.In this perspective,besides the reported merits,the disadvantages and problems of some ILs and DESs,such as instability,volatility,hygroscopicity,toxicity,flammability,regenerability,cost,energy consumption and impurities are discussed.Moreover,13 strategies to avoid the disadvantages of ILs and DESs and to increase the greenness are proposed.Comparison of the greenness of ILs and DESs is further conducted.This perspective provides some new viewpoints on the greenness of ILs and DESs.

A QUICK AND GREEN IONIC LIQUID-MEDIATED APPROACH FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE, ORGANOSOLUBLE AND THERMALLY STABLE POLYIMIDES

Three diamine monomers with different derivatives of imidazole heterocyclic ring and meta-linked aryl ethers were synthesized and used in polycodensation reaction with various commercial dianhydrides for preparation of a series of novel poly（ether-imide） （PEI）s. The polycodensation reactions were carried out by using conventional method and in a green medium of ionic liquid （IL） without using NMP-pyridine-acetic anhydride. The PEIs were obtained in good yields （80%-96%） with moderate viscosity （0.48-0.66 dL/g） in a shorter reaction time （10 h） in IL as compared with the conventional method （36 h）. All of the polymers were amorphous in nature, showed excellent solubility in amide-type polar aprotic solvents with ability to form tough and flexible films, and excellent thermal stability with Tgs in the range of 212-340℃ and 10% weight loss temperature （T10） up to 570℃ in N2 and 528 ℃ in air.

A new green approach for the synthesis of 12-aryl-8,9,10,12-tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthene-11-one derivatives using task specific acidic ionic liquid[NMP]H_2PO_4

12-Aryl-8,9,10,12-tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthene-11-one derivatives were synthesized by a convenient and environmentally benign procedure involving multicomponent condensation reactions of substituted aromatic aldehydes with 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene/2-naphthols/2,6-dihydroxynaphthlene and cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in task specific acidic ionic liquid[NMP]HPOat 80 ℃.This protocol has proved to be efficient in terms of good yields,operational simplicity,easy workup,recyclability of reaction medium/catalyst,and short reaction time.

Synthesis and kinetics of 2,5-dicyanofuran in the presence of hydroxylamine ionic liquid salts

2,5-Dicyanofuran(DCF)is an important biomass-derived platform compound primarily used to prepare bio-based adiponitrile,which is the key precursor for the synthesis of nylon 66 and 1,6-hexanediisocyanate(HDI).In this study,one-pot,green and safe synthesis of DCF from 2,5-diformylfuran(DFF)and hydroxylamine ionic liquid salts was proposed.Eco-friendly hydroxylamine ionic liquid salts were used as the nitrogen source.Ionic liquid exhibited three-fold function of cosolvent,catalysis and phase separation.The conversion of DFF and yield of DCF reached 100%under the following optimum reaction conditions:temperature of 120℃ for 70 min,volume ratio of paraxylene:[HSO_(3)-b-Py]
HSO4 of 2:1,and molar ratio of DFF:(NH_(2)OH)_(2)
[HSO_(3)-b-Py]
HSO4 of 1:1.5.The reaction mechanism for the synthesis of DCF was proposed,and the kinetic model was established.The reaction order with respect to DFF and intermediate product 2,5-diformylfuran dioxime(DFFD)was 1.06 and 0.16,and the reaction activation energy was 64.07 kJ·mol^(-1) and 59.37 kJ·mol^(-1) respectively.After the reaction,the ionic liquid was easy to separate,recover and recycle.

Green solvent-based approaches for synthesis of nanomaterials

The use of green solvents (including supercritical fluids and ionic liquids) in the synthesis of nanomaterials is highlighted. The methods described can not only reduce or eliminate the use or generation of substances hazardous to health and the environment, but can also be used to efficiently prepare nanomaterials with high performances. The unique characteristics of green solvents are responsible for the green features and unusual advantages of these approaches.

Ionic Liquid [bmim][BF_4] as a Green Medium for Passerini Reaction

The Passerini three-component reaction of carboxylic acid, aromatic aldehyde and isocyanide was carried out smoothly and efficiently in ionic liquid [bmim]BF4. Through this reaction, a series of α-acyloxycarboxamides were obtained in high yields. Advantages of this proccedure include a green nature, high efficiency and operational simplicity

Synthesis of fused pyran and arylbis(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl)methane in ionic liquid

由离子的液体支持了并且调停 --[bmim ][BF 4], 熔化了 pyrans 或芳基二度(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl ) 甲烷高效地并且有选择地从醛和 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-oxo-pyran 的反应被准备与或没有醋性的酐。由使用这些新奇过程，嘧啶有潜在的生物活动的熔化 nucleoside 的 pyran 和芳基二度(pyranon-3-yl ) 甲烷混血儿被构造。

New process development and process evaluation for capturing CO2 in flue gas from power plants using ionic liquid[emim][Tf2N]

Using the ionic liquid[emim][Tf2N]as a physical solvent,it was found by Aspen Plus simulation that it was possible to attempt to capture CO2 from the flue gas discharged from the coal-fired unit of the power plant.Using the combination of model calculation and experimental determination,the density,isostatic heat capacity,viscosity,vapor pressure,thermal conductivity,surface tension and solubility of[emim][Tf2N]were obtained.Based on the NRTL model,the Henry coefficient and NRTL binary interaction parameters of CO2 dissolved in[emim][Tf2N]were obtained by correlating[emim][Tf2N]with the gas–liquid equilibrium data of CO2.Firstly,the calculated relevant data is imported into Aspen Plus,and the whole process model of the ionic liquid absorption process is established.Then the absorption process is optimized according to the temperature distribution in the absorption tower to obtain a new absorption process.Finally,the density,constant pressure heat capacity,surface tension,thermal conductivity,and viscosity of[emim][Tf2N]were changed to investigate the effect of ionic liquid properties on process energy consumption,solvent circulation and heat exchanger design.The results showed that based on the composition of the inlet gas stream to the absorbers,CO2 with a capture rate of 90%and a mass purity higher than 99.5%was captured.These results indicate that the[emim][Tf2N]could be used as a physical solvent for CO2 capture from coal-fired units.In addition,the results will provide a theoretical basis for the design of new ionic liquids for CO2 capture.

锂离子电池绿色回收在物理化学教学中的应用

随着锂离子电池的日益普及,废旧锂离子电池的数量越来越多;锂离子电池绿色回收对固体废物治理和资源的可持续利用具有重要意义。物理化学是化学、化工相关专业的一门重要基础课程。物理化学中的热力学第一定律、热力学第二定律、多组分热力学、相平衡、化学平衡、电解质溶液、可逆电池的电动势、电解池与极化、动力学、胶体界面等章节融入锂离子电池绿色回收对物理化学课程的建设、环境治理和绿色高质量发展提供科学依据和理论指导。

[bmim]OH： An efficient catalyst for the synthesis of mono and bis spirooxindole derivatives in ethanol at room temperature

A rapid and efficient, one pot synthesis of spirooxindole derivatives has been attempted by three- component reaction of isatin, malononitrile and carbonyl compound possessing a reactive c^-methylene group by using task specific ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hydroxide [bmim]OH as a catalyst. The important features of this methodology are straight forward route in short reaction time at room temperature and avoid any hazardous organic solvent, toxic catalyst, tedious purification step. Interestingly, this protocol is not only limited to mono-systems but also to the synthesis of newer bis- spirooxindole system. The separation of the product and reusability of the catalyst are easy with excellent yield. The [bmim]OH catalyst system could be reused up to five recycles without appreciable loss of activity.

Molar volume of eutectic solvents as a function of molar composition and temperature

The conventional Rackett model for predicting liquid molar volume has been modified to cater for the effect of molar composition of the Deep Eutectic Solvents(DES). The experimental molar volume data for a group of commonly used DES has been used for optimizing the improved model. The data involved different molar compositions of each DES. The validation of the new model was performed on another set of DESs. The average relative deviation of the model on the training and validation datasets was approximately 0.1% while the Rackett model gave a relative deviation of more than 1.6%. The modified model deals with variations in DES molar composition and temperature in a more consistent way than the original Rackett model which exhibits monotonic performance degradation as temperature moves away from reference conditions. Having the composition of the DES as a model variable enhances the practical utilization of the predicting model in diverse design and process simulation applications.

香豆素-3-羧酸的绿色合成及其光谱性质研究

对“香豆素-3-羧酸的制备”实验方案做了改进:以绿色无毒的L-脯氨酸为催化剂,在无溶剂的条件下制得中间体,采用“一锅煮”不分离的方法得到高产率的香豆素-3-羧酸。运用红外光谱、核磁共振等手段表征结构,研究了紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱性质。改进后的实验方案绿色环保、产率高、重现性好、成本低、综合性强,有助于培养学生探索、创新的研究精神和团队协作能力,提升学生分析整理数据,运用理论知识解决问题的综合实验技能,适合推广至本科生高年级教学。

离子液体提取中药有效成分的研究进展

离子液体具有结构可调、不易挥发、选择性高等优点,被认为是一种新型可替代传统溶剂的绿色溶剂,近年来受到广泛关注。现就离子液体的结构、性质与分离机制进行阐述,并从微波辅助萃取(MAE)、超声辅助萃取(UAE)、超声微波协同萃取、双水相萃取四方面介绍离子液体在中药提取中的应用。

新型绿色溶剂在中药提取中的应用概述

提高中药活性成分的提取率在临床应用中意义重大,提取溶剂的选择是影响提取率的重要因素之一。绿色溶剂包括离子液体、低共熔溶剂和天然低共熔溶剂,其作为中药提取溶剂的研究深受国内外研究学者的关注,绿色溶剂由于具有提取效率高、化学性质稳定、易于制备等优点,在中药活性成分提取中发挥着重要作用。目前新型绿色溶剂代替传统溶剂提取已成为现代提取工艺研究的热点。本文通过查阅数据库相关文献,对新型绿色溶剂的定义、制备以及在中药活性成分提取中的应用进行归纳和梳理,主要介绍应用于黄酮类、皂苷、生物碱等有效成分的绿色提取,旨在为中药绿色提取溶剂的开发和应用提供参考依据。