Interfacial solar evaporation holds immense potential for brine desalination with low carbon footprints and high energy utilization.Hydrogels,as a tunable material platform from the molecular level to the macroscopic ...Interfacial solar evaporation holds immense potential for brine desalination with low carbon footprints and high energy utilization.Hydrogels,as a tunable material platform from the molecular level to the macroscopic scale,have been considered the most promising candidate for solar evaporation.However,the simultaneous achievement of high evaporation efficiency and satisfactory tolerance to salt ions in brine remains a challenging scientific bottleneck,restricting the widespread application.Herein,we report ionization engineering,which endows polymer chains of hydrogels with electronegativity for impeding salt ions and activating water molecules,fundamentally overcoming the hydrogel salt-impeded challenge and dramatically expediting water evaporating in brine.The sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate-modified carbon black is chosen as the solar absorbers.The hydrogel reaches a ground-breaking evaporation rate of 2.9 kg m−2 h−1 in 20 wt%brine with 95.6%efficiency under one sun irradiation,surpassing most of the reported literature.More notably,such a hydrogel-based evaporator enables extracting clean water from oversaturated salt solutions and maintains durability under different high-strength deformation or a 15-day continuous operation.Meantime,on the basis of the cation selectivity induced by the electronegativity,we first propose an all-day system that evaporates during the day and generates salinity-gradient electricity using waste-evaporated brine at night,anticipating pioneer a new opportunity for all-day resource-generating systems in fields of freshwater and electricity.展开更多
Plant secondary metabolites exhibit various horticultural traits.Simple and rapid analysis methods for evaluating these metabolites are in demand in breeding and consumer markets dealing with horticultural crops.We ap...Plant secondary metabolites exhibit various horticultural traits.Simple and rapid analysis methods for evaluating these metabolites are in demand in breeding and consumer markets dealing with horticultural crops.We applied probe electrospray ionization(PESI)to evaluate secondary metabolite levels in horticultural crops.PESI does not require pre-treatment and separation of samples,which makes it suitable for high-throughput analysis.In this study,we targeted anthocyanins,one of the primary pigments in horticultural crops.Eighty-one anthocyanins were detected in approximately 3 minutes in the selected reaction-monitoring mode.Tandem mass spectrometry(MS/MS)could adequately distinguish between the fragments of anthocyanins and flavonols.Probe sampling,an intuitive method of sticking a probe directly to the sample,could detect anthocyanins qualitatively on a micro-area scale,such as achenes and receptacles in strawberry fruit.Our results suggest that PESI/MS/MS can be a powerful tool to characterize the profile of anthocyanins and compare their content among cultivars.展开更多
The electron-impact single ionization cross section for W8+ion has been calculated using flexible atomic code,employing the level-to-level distorted-wave approximation.This calculations takes into account contribution...The electron-impact single ionization cross section for W8+ion has been calculated using flexible atomic code,employing the level-to-level distorted-wave approximation.This calculations takes into account contributions form both direct ionization(DI)and excitation autoionization(EA).However,the theoretical predictions,based solely on the ground state,tends to underestimate the experimental values.This discrepancy can be mitigated by incorporation contributions from excited states.We extended the theoretical analysis,including the contributions from the long-lived metastable states with lifetimes exceeding 1.5×10-5 s.We employed two statistical models to predict the fraction of ground state ions in the parent ion beam.Assuming a 79%fraction of parent ions in ground configuration,the experiment measurements align with the predictions.Furthermore we derived the theoretical cross-section for the ground state as correlated plasma rate coefficients,and compared it with existing data.Despite the uncertainty in our calculations,our results are still acceptable.展开更多
Rydberg state excitation(RSE) is a highly non-linear physical phenomenon that is induced by the ionization of atoms or molecules in strong femtosecond laser fields. Here we observe that both parent and fragments(S, C,...Rydberg state excitation(RSE) is a highly non-linear physical phenomenon that is induced by the ionization of atoms or molecules in strong femtosecond laser fields. Here we observe that both parent and fragments(S, C, OC) of the triatomic molecule carbonyl sulfide(OCS) can survive strong 800 nm or 400 nm laser fields in high Rydberg states. The dependence of parent and fragment RSE yields on laser intensity and ellipticity is investigated in both laser fields, and the results are compared with those for strong-field ionization. Distinctly different tendencies for laser intensity and ellipticity are observed for fragment RSE compared with the corresponding ions. The mechanisms of RSE and strong-field ionization of OCS molecules in different laser fields are discussed based on the experimental results. Our study sheds some light on the strong-field excitation and ionization of molecules irradiated by femtosecond NIR and UV laser fields.展开更多
We study the above-threshold ionization(ATI)process of atoms exposed to fundamental and high-frequency lasers with arbitrary ellipticity by applying the frequency-domain theory.It is found that the angular-resolved AT...We study the above-threshold ionization(ATI)process of atoms exposed to fundamental and high-frequency lasers with arbitrary ellipticity by applying the frequency-domain theory.It is found that the angular-resolved ATI spectrum is sensitive to ellipticities of two lasers and emitted angles of the photoelectron.Particularly for the photon energy of the highfrequency laser more than atomic ionization potential,the width of plateau tends to a constant with increasing ellipticity of fundamental field,the dip structure disappears with increasing ellipticity of the high-frequency field.With the help of the quantum channel analysis,it is shown that the angular distribution depends mainly on the ellipticity of high-frequency field in the case that its frequency is high.Moreover,one can see that the maximal and minimal energies in quantum numerical results are in good agreement with the classical prediction.Our investigation may provide theoretical support for experimental research on polarization control of ionization in elliptically polarized two-color laser fields.展开更多
We investigate propagation of dust ion acoustic solitary wave(DIASW)in a multicomponent dusty plasma with adiabatic ions,superthermal electrons,and stationary dust.The reductive perturbation method is employed to deri...We investigate propagation of dust ion acoustic solitary wave(DIASW)in a multicomponent dusty plasma with adiabatic ions,superthermal electrons,and stationary dust.The reductive perturbation method is employed to derive the damped Korteweg-de Vries(DKdV)equation which describes DIASW.The result reveals that the adiabaticity of ions significantly modifies the basic features of the DIASW.The ionization effect makes the solitary wave grow,while collisions reduce the growth rate and even lead to the damping.With the increases in ionization cross sectionΔσ/σ_(0),ion-to-electron density ratioδ_(ie)and superthermal electrons parameterκ,the effect of ionization on DIASW enhances.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52076028).
文摘Interfacial solar evaporation holds immense potential for brine desalination with low carbon footprints and high energy utilization.Hydrogels,as a tunable material platform from the molecular level to the macroscopic scale,have been considered the most promising candidate for solar evaporation.However,the simultaneous achievement of high evaporation efficiency and satisfactory tolerance to salt ions in brine remains a challenging scientific bottleneck,restricting the widespread application.Herein,we report ionization engineering,which endows polymer chains of hydrogels with electronegativity for impeding salt ions and activating water molecules,fundamentally overcoming the hydrogel salt-impeded challenge and dramatically expediting water evaporating in brine.The sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate-modified carbon black is chosen as the solar absorbers.The hydrogel reaches a ground-breaking evaporation rate of 2.9 kg m−2 h−1 in 20 wt%brine with 95.6%efficiency under one sun irradiation,surpassing most of the reported literature.More notably,such a hydrogel-based evaporator enables extracting clean water from oversaturated salt solutions and maintains durability under different high-strength deformation or a 15-day continuous operation.Meantime,on the basis of the cation selectivity induced by the electronegativity,we first propose an all-day system that evaporates during the day and generates salinity-gradient electricity using waste-evaporated brine at night,anticipating pioneer a new opportunity for all-day resource-generating systems in fields of freshwater and electricity.
基金supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI[grant numbers 20J00948,20K20372,21K19111,and 21H02184].
文摘Plant secondary metabolites exhibit various horticultural traits.Simple and rapid analysis methods for evaluating these metabolites are in demand in breeding and consumer markets dealing with horticultural crops.We applied probe electrospray ionization(PESI)to evaluate secondary metabolite levels in horticultural crops.PESI does not require pre-treatment and separation of samples,which makes it suitable for high-throughput analysis.In this study,we targeted anthocyanins,one of the primary pigments in horticultural crops.Eighty-one anthocyanins were detected in approximately 3 minutes in the selected reaction-monitoring mode.Tandem mass spectrometry(MS/MS)could adequately distinguish between the fragments of anthocyanins and flavonols.Probe sampling,an intuitive method of sticking a probe directly to the sample,could detect anthocyanins qualitatively on a micro-area scale,such as achenes and receptacles in strawberry fruit.Our results suggest that PESI/MS/MS can be a powerful tool to characterize the profile of anthocyanins and compare their content among cultivars.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12364034)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1602501)the Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province,China(Grant No.23YFFA0074).
文摘The electron-impact single ionization cross section for W8+ion has been calculated using flexible atomic code,employing the level-to-level distorted-wave approximation.This calculations takes into account contributions form both direct ionization(DI)and excitation autoionization(EA).However,the theoretical predictions,based solely on the ground state,tends to underestimate the experimental values.This discrepancy can be mitigated by incorporation contributions from excited states.We extended the theoretical analysis,including the contributions from the long-lived metastable states with lifetimes exceeding 1.5×10-5 s.We employed two statistical models to predict the fraction of ground state ions in the parent ion beam.Assuming a 79%fraction of parent ions in ground configuration,the experiment measurements align with the predictions.Furthermore we derived the theoretical cross-section for the ground state as correlated plasma rate coefficients,and compared it with existing data.Despite the uncertainty in our calculations,our results are still acceptable.
基金Project supported by the National Key Program for S&T Research and Development(Grant No.2019YFA0307700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12174148,11874179,12074144,and 12074146)。
文摘Rydberg state excitation(RSE) is a highly non-linear physical phenomenon that is induced by the ionization of atoms or molecules in strong femtosecond laser fields. Here we observe that both parent and fragments(S, C, OC) of the triatomic molecule carbonyl sulfide(OCS) can survive strong 800 nm or 400 nm laser fields in high Rydberg states. The dependence of parent and fragment RSE yields on laser intensity and ellipticity is investigated in both laser fields, and the results are compared with those for strong-field ionization. Distinctly different tendencies for laser intensity and ellipticity are observed for fragment RSE compared with the corresponding ions. The mechanisms of RSE and strong-field ionization of OCS molecules in different laser fields are discussed based on the experimental results. Our study sheds some light on the strong-field excitation and ionization of molecules irradiated by femtosecond NIR and UV laser fields.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12104285,12074240,12204135,12374260,12264013,12204136,92250303,and 12074418)the Guangdong Basicand Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No.2022A1515011742)+5 种基金the Special Scientific Research Program supported by the Shaanxi Education Department (Grant No.22JK0423)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province of China (Grant Nos.2023-JC-QN-0085 and 2023-JC-QN-0267)the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.122CXTD504,123MS002,123QN179,123QN180,and 122QN217)the Sino-German Mobility Programme (Grant No.M-0031)the Xi’an Aeronautical Institute 2023 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for college students (Grant No.S202311736036)the Course Ideological and Political Education Program (Grant No.23ZLGC5030)。
文摘We study the above-threshold ionization(ATI)process of atoms exposed to fundamental and high-frequency lasers with arbitrary ellipticity by applying the frequency-domain theory.It is found that the angular-resolved ATI spectrum is sensitive to ellipticities of two lasers and emitted angles of the photoelectron.Particularly for the photon energy of the highfrequency laser more than atomic ionization potential,the width of plateau tends to a constant with increasing ellipticity of fundamental field,the dip structure disappears with increasing ellipticity of the high-frequency field.With the help of the quantum channel analysis,it is shown that the angular distribution depends mainly on the ellipticity of high-frequency field in the case that its frequency is high.Moreover,one can see that the maximal and minimal energies in quantum numerical results are in good agreement with the classical prediction.Our investigation may provide theoretical support for experimental research on polarization control of ionization in elliptically polarized two-color laser fields.
基金supported by the Project of Scientific and Technological Innovation Base of Jiangxi Province,China (Grant No.20203CCD46008)the Key R&D Plan of Jiangxi Province,China (Grant No.20223BBH80006)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,China (Grant No.20212BAB211025)the Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Fusion and Information Control (Grant No.20171BCD40005)。
文摘We investigate propagation of dust ion acoustic solitary wave(DIASW)in a multicomponent dusty plasma with adiabatic ions,superthermal electrons,and stationary dust.The reductive perturbation method is employed to derive the damped Korteweg-de Vries(DKdV)equation which describes DIASW.The result reveals that the adiabaticity of ions significantly modifies the basic features of the DIASW.The ionization effect makes the solitary wave grow,while collisions reduce the growth rate and even lead to the damping.With the increases in ionization cross sectionΔσ/σ_(0),ion-to-electron density ratioδ_(ie)and superthermal electrons parameterκ,the effect of ionization on DIASW enhances.
