Application of BAIRD Photoelectric Spectrometer in Quantitative Analysis of Iron and Steel

BAIRD SPECTROVAC 2000(DV 5) consisting of new type of HR-400 high repeat rate spark spectrosource, air cooled sample stand and an annular purged tungsten counter electrode has been used continuously in the lab for many years and resulted in good economic benefits. The paper describes the application of the spectrometer in quantitative analysis of cast iron and steel products, and the experience and technique may be helpful to those who are using the same kind of instrument.

An Integrated Analysis on the Synergistic Reduction of Carbon and Pollution Emissions from China’s Iron and Steel Industry

Decarbonization and decontamination of the iron and steel industry(ISI),which contributes up to 15%to anthropogenic CO_(2) emissions(or carbon emissions)and significant proportions of air and water pollutant emissions in China,are challenged by the huge demand for steel.Carbon and pollutants often share common emission sources,indicating that emission reduction could be achieved synergistically.Here,we explored the inherent potential of measures to adjust feedstock composition and technological structure and to control the size of the ISI to achieve carbon emission reduction(CER)and pollution emission reduction(PER).We investigated five typical pollutants in this study,namely,petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants and chemical oxygen demand in wastewater,particulate matter,SO_(2),and NO_(x) in off gases,and examined synergies between CER and PER by employing cross elasticity for the period between 2022 and 2035.The results suggest that a reduction of 8.7%-11.7%in carbon emissions and 20%-31%in pollution emissions(except for particulate matter emissions)could be achieved by 2025 under a high steel scrap ratio(SSR)scenario.Here,the SSR and electric arc furnace(EAF)ratio serve critical roles in enhancing synergies between CER and PER(which vary with the type of pollutant).However,subject to a limited volume of steel scrap,a focused increase in the EAF ratio with neglection of the available supply of steel scrap to EAF facilities would lead to an increase carbon and pollution emissions.Although CER can be achieved through SSR and EAF ratio optimization,only when the crude steel production growth rate remains below 2.2%can these optimization measures maintain the emissions in 2030 at a similar level to that in 2021.Therefore,the synergistic effects between PER and CER should be considered when formulating a development route for the ISI in the future.

Operation and Management of Electrical Equipment in Iron and Steel Enterprises

How to ensure the reliable operation of the complex and huge electrical system composed of a large number of electrical equipment in iron and steel enterprises?Combined with working experience,the author introduces four main factors affecting the normal operation of equipment,analyzes five main problems existing in the operation and management of electrical equipment,and puts forward corresponding improvement measures,so as to improve the management level of electrical equipment in iron and steel enterprises.

Does Environmental Regulation Weaken Industrial Competitiveness?Inspirations from China’s Iron and Steel Sector

China＇s economic growth is heavily influenced by exports, while reconciling environmental regulation and economic growth requires handling the relationship between environmental regulation and industrial competitiveness well. The effects of environmental regulation on industrial competitiveness are largely subject to the institutional design of environmental regulation. Despite numerous studies on the relationship between environmental regulation and industrial competitiveness, a consensus has yet to be reached. Aside from differences in research methodology, these studies failed to give sufficient consideration to the impact of environmental regulation on industrial competitiveness. Such effects can be negative or positive depending on the design of environmental regulatory policy. This paper has investigated the relationship between environmental regulation and the competitiveness of China＇s iron and steel industry and discovered that tighter environmental regulation does not diminish the competitiveness of the iron and steel industry since the policy design of environmental regulation accommodates the tolerance of advanced production capacity and includes a reasonable cost sharing mechanism. This discovery is of important reference for China to develop rational policy design to balance the relationship between environmental regulation and industrial competitiveness.

Optimization for vehicle scheduling in iron and steel works based on semi-trailer swap transport

In order to solve internal logistics problems of iron and steel works,such as low transportation efficiency of vehicles and high transportation cost,the production process and traditional transportation style of iron and steel works were introduced.The internal transport tasks of iron and steel works were grouped based on cluster analysis according to demand time of the transportation.An improved vehicle scheduling model of semi-trailer swap transport among loading nodes and unloading nodes in one task group was set up.The algorithm was designed to solve the vehicle routing problem with simultaneous pick-up and delivery(VRPSPD) problem based on semi-trailer swap transport.A solving program was written by MATLAB software and the method to figure out the optimal path of each grouping was obtained.The dropping and pulling transportation plan of the tractor was designed.And an example of semi-trailer swap transport in iron and steel works was given.The results indicate that semi-trailer swap transport can decrease the numbers of vehicles and drivers by 54.5% and 88.6% respectively compared with decentralized scheduling in iron and steel works,and the total distance traveled reduces by 43.5%.The semi-trailer swap transport can help the iron and steel works develop the production in intension.

RESEARCH ON THE APPLICATION OF RARE EARTHS IN IRON AND STEEL IN RECENT YEARS

China has the biggest rare earths resource in the world,no wonder she pays much at-tention to the application of rare earth metals (REM).The application of REM in iron andsteel in China began at the end of 1950’s.The production of REM-treated iron and steelhad been made steady progress in the period of 1980’s.The production of REM-treatediron and steel in 1989 was 1.4 million tons and 250,000 tons respectively.The interest oftreating steel with REM in China keeps growing even in these years,It comes from the nat-

Highlights of Recent Advances in Refractories for Iron and Steel Industry in China

Recently procured outstanding achievements in iron and steel industry in China are presented by data or facts in steel output, energy consumption, technical and economical indicators and advanced technologies that are being adopted. The latest achievements in refractonries for this biggest user industry are reviewed, covering new refractories for CDQ coke oven, BF hearth, AOD Lining, long life tundish, SEN for clean steel making and regenerative reheating furnace . The reciprocal relationship is obvious that the rapid development of iron and steel industry has given an impetus to the advance of refractories industry, which in return has contributed greatly to the former.

Some Aspects in the Development of High Performance Refractories for Iron and Steel Making in China

In the past 25 years in China, to meet with the rapid increase in steel production accompanied by adoption of advanced metallurgical technologies, there has been fast development of China＇ s refractories industry in production capacity, in quality improvement and in development of new products. Sophisticated high performance refractory materials mainly based on our rich reserves of magncsite, bauxite and flake graphite have been developed, such as carbon-bonded products, high purity oxide products, bauxite-based low creep and high strength high alumina bricks and LC, ULC and ZC castables. They have been used in blast furnaces, BOFs, EAFs, secondary refining and continuous casting with considerable improvement in service pecformance.

Forecasting and optimal probabilistic scheduling of surplus gas systems in iron and steel industry

To make full use of the gas resource, stabilize the pipe network pressure, and obtain higher economic benefits in the iron and steel industry, the surplus gas prediction and scheduling models were proposed. Before applying the forecasting techniques, a support vector classifier was first used to classify the data, and then the filtering was used to create separate trend and volatility sequences. After forecasting, the Markov chain transition probability matrix was introduced to adjust the residual. Simulation results using surplus gas data from an iron and steel enterprise demonstrate that the constructed SVC-HP-ENN-LSSVM-MC prediction model prediction is accurate, and that the classification accuracy is high under different conditions. Based on this, the scheduling model was constructed for surplus gas operating, and it has been used to investigate the comprehensive measures for managing the operational probabilistic risk and optimize the economic benefit at various working conditions and implementations. It has extended the concepts of traditional surplus gas dispatching systems, and provides a method for enterprises to determine optimal schedules.

ABSTRACTS——From Journal of Iron and Steel Research (in Chinese) 2004,16(5)—2004,16(6)

Technical Development of Increasing Oxygen Used in EAF Process HE Qing,GUO Zheng(Central Iron and Steel Research Institute,Beijing100081,China)Abstract:Oxygen lance,burner and post-combustion are significant oxygen injection technologies in EAF process.The combination of these technologies has an important effect on improving economic target and technical target.For example,electric power consumption is reduced,the tap-to-tap is shorten,and the production rate is increased and so on.Their principle,function,feature and application were introduced,and

Current Situation and Prospect of High Performance Refractories for Iron and Steel Industry in China

The development,physicochemical properties and application effectiveness of new high performance refractory products used in iron and steel industry in recent years are summarizedThe new products include carbon-containing oxides,non-oxides,functional refractories,low cement and ultra-low cement castables etc.It is pointed out that quality of refractory products needs to be improved and high performance varieties be developed.Meanwhile,research should be done on composite materials and composite structures,equipment techniques and optimization control of refractory production should be strengthened as well.

ABSTRACTS——From Journal of Iron and Steel Research (in Chinese)2007,19(3)-2007,19(4)

Progress in Research on Liquid Zinc Corrosion of Bath HardwareWANG Wen-jun,WANG Yan-li,LIN Jun-pin,LIN Zhi(State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Material,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)Abstract:The problems of liquid Zinc corrosion of the bath hardware of galvanizing line were introduced and analyzed.The research status for the technology of providing corrosion protection was discussed.

ABSTRACTS——From the Journal of Iron and Steel Research(in Chinese)1996,8(1)——1996,8(3)

Numerical Simulation of Pulverized Coal Combustion in BF Raceway Injected by Oxy-Coal Burner Qiu Jihuan;;Zhang Zhiguo;;Sun Xuexin(Huazhong University of Science&Technology),Dong Yugui,Zhang Huihun(Central Iron&Steel Research Institute,MMI)This paper deals with the numerical simulation of the pulverized coal combustion process occurring in front of the tuyere in BF raceway.The coal was injected by oxy-coal burner in different PC quantities and different density of

ABSTRACTS——From the Journal of Iron and Steel Research (in Chinese)2001,13(1)-2001,13(3)

Relationship between Slag Splashing in Converter and Solid Property ZHU Xin-fa,CHEN Jia-ying(Shanghai University,Shanghai 200072,China)Abstract:The effect of slag splashing is some concerned with the sound level of the nitrogen flow.With the analysis of hydraulical model and ternary phase diagram,and the investigation of slag splashing in BOF on the spot,it is found that the slag splashing sound level and the effect of slag splashing has

ABSTRACTS──From the JOurnal of Iron and Steel Research (in Chinese)

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From the Journal of Iron and Steel Research(in Chinese)1995,7(4)—1995,7(6)

Velocity Field and Concentration Field of OxygenCoal Lance during Injection Zhou Jiangang(Central Iron and Steel Research Institute,MMI),Ding Yulong(Beijing University of Science and Technology)This paper introduces the structures of three types of oxygen-coal lances for blast furnace,i.e.multihole,center jet type and spiral type,and experimental and research work on the velocity field and concentration field in the

ABSTRACTS——From the Journal of Iron and Steel Research(in Chinese)1999,11(1)—1999,11(3)

Influence of AlOon RD1 of Sinter Yang Huaming;;Qiu Guanzhou(Central South University of Technology)Fracture toughness method combined with electron microscopy was adopted to investigate the influence of AlOon RDI of sinter.The results indicate that AlOis mainly in the glass phase of sinter in the forms of ferrum silico aluminate and calcium silico aluminate,which results in the decrease of