Innovative measure is a urgent requirement for managing the huge volume of municipal sewage sludge. The hydrothermal carbonation （HTC） shows some potential advantages for using hydrochar as a soil conditioner. The a...Innovative measure is a urgent requirement for managing the huge volume of municipal sewage sludge. The hydrothermal carbonation （HTC） shows some potential advantages for using hydrochar as a soil conditioner. The aim of this work was to investigate the properties of hydrochars, by means of the HTC of municipal sewage sludge under different temperatures （190 and 260~C） and reaction hours （1, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h）. The HTC led to the decreases of N, O and H contents by more than 54.6, 37.9 and 10.0%, respectively, and slight changes of C content. The Py-GC-MS analysis showed that a large proportion of fatty acids, in particular hexadecanoic acid, transferred into alkenes, olefins and aromatic compounds. The 13C-NMR and fourier transform infrared spectra （FTIR） confirmed the transformation and changes in chemical structure in which hydrochar contained lower oxygen-containing organic C of O-alkyl, carboxylic and carbonyl C and aliphaticity, but higher aromatic C and aromaticity. The rich hydrophobic functions induced in high positive charges in the charred sludge. The HTC facilitated the pore structure development, proved by higher specific surface area and specific pore volume, with a maximum of 17.30 and 0.83 cm^3 g^-1, respectively. The availabilities of N, P and K markedly reduced during HTC treatment. The activities of most heavy metals were depressed though they accumulated in the hydrochar. Further work is required to investigate the values and risk of the charred sludge amended to soil.展开更多
The anaerobic digestion of sludge has recently received increased interest because of the potential to transform organic matter into methane‐rich biogas. However, digested sludge, the residue produced in that process...The anaerobic digestion of sludge has recently received increased interest because of the potential to transform organic matter into methane‐rich biogas. However, digested sludge, the residue produced in that process, still contains high levels of heavy metals and other harmful substances that might make traditional disposal difficult. We have devised a facile method of converting digested sludge into a mesoporous material that acts as an effective and stable heterogeneous catalyst for the photo‐Fenton reaction. A comparison of the removal of rhodamine B under different conditions showed that FAS‐1‐350, which was synthesized by mixing the digested sludge with a 1 mol/L（NH4）2Fe（SO4）2 solution followed by calcination at 350 °C, exhibited the best catalytic activity owing to its faster reaction rate and lower degree of Fe leaching. The results indicate that Fe^（2＋）‐loaded catalysts have significant potential to act as stable and efficient heterogeneous promoters for the photo‐Fenton reaction, with better performance than Fe^3＋‐loaded catalysts because the Fe（II）/Fe（III）compounds formed in the calcination process are necessary to sustain the Fenton reaction. This protocol provides an alternative, environmentally friendly method of reusing digested sludge and demonstrates an easily synthesized mesoporous material that effectively degrades azo dyes.展开更多
采用热重分析法研究城市污泥、稻壳水热炭及两者不同掺混比的燃烧特性与反应动力学。对比分析其在不同升温速率下从室温升至1000℃的燃烧特性,用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO)法计算其燃烧过程中的反应动力学参数。结果表明,稻壳水热炭的挥发...采用热重分析法研究城市污泥、稻壳水热炭及两者不同掺混比的燃烧特性与反应动力学。对比分析其在不同升温速率下从室温升至1000℃的燃烧特性,用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO)法计算其燃烧过程中的反应动力学参数。结果表明,稻壳水热炭的挥发性、着火和燃尽指数均高于城市污泥,具有较好的燃烧特性,掺混稻壳水热炭使城市污泥混合燃烧时发生热滞后现象。随着稻壳水热炭掺混比的增加,共混物的燃烧残余质量减少,着火性能变差,燃烧性能变强。活化能的相关系数均高于0.95,稻壳水热炭掺混高于50wt%时,共混物的平均活化能低于稻壳水热炭单独燃烧的平均活化能,掺混70wt%稻壳水热炭时出现最低平均活化能,为85.48 k J/mol。城市污泥与稻壳水热炭混燃时有协同交互作用,且掺混50wt%稻壳水热炭时效果最佳。展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41071206)
文摘Innovative measure is a urgent requirement for managing the huge volume of municipal sewage sludge. The hydrothermal carbonation （HTC） shows some potential advantages for using hydrochar as a soil conditioner. The aim of this work was to investigate the properties of hydrochars, by means of the HTC of municipal sewage sludge under different temperatures （190 and 260~C） and reaction hours （1, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h）. The HTC led to the decreases of N, O and H contents by more than 54.6, 37.9 and 10.0%, respectively, and slight changes of C content. The Py-GC-MS analysis showed that a large proportion of fatty acids, in particular hexadecanoic acid, transferred into alkenes, olefins and aromatic compounds. The 13C-NMR and fourier transform infrared spectra （FTIR） confirmed the transformation and changes in chemical structure in which hydrochar contained lower oxygen-containing organic C of O-alkyl, carboxylic and carbonyl C and aliphaticity, but higher aromatic C and aromaticity. The rich hydrophobic functions induced in high positive charges in the charred sludge. The HTC facilitated the pore structure development, proved by higher specific surface area and specific pore volume, with a maximum of 17.30 and 0.83 cm^3 g^-1, respectively. The availabilities of N, P and K markedly reduced during HTC treatment. The activities of most heavy metals were depressed though they accumulated in the hydrochar. Further work is required to investigate the values and risk of the charred sludge amended to soil.
基金supported by the National Key Technology Research&Development Program of China(2014BAL02B02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51578397)~~
文摘The anaerobic digestion of sludge has recently received increased interest because of the potential to transform organic matter into methane‐rich biogas. However, digested sludge, the residue produced in that process, still contains high levels of heavy metals and other harmful substances that might make traditional disposal difficult. We have devised a facile method of converting digested sludge into a mesoporous material that acts as an effective and stable heterogeneous catalyst for the photo‐Fenton reaction. A comparison of the removal of rhodamine B under different conditions showed that FAS‐1‐350, which was synthesized by mixing the digested sludge with a 1 mol/L（NH4）2Fe（SO4）2 solution followed by calcination at 350 °C, exhibited the best catalytic activity owing to its faster reaction rate and lower degree of Fe leaching. The results indicate that Fe^（2＋）‐loaded catalysts have significant potential to act as stable and efficient heterogeneous promoters for the photo‐Fenton reaction, with better performance than Fe^3＋‐loaded catalysts because the Fe（II）/Fe（III）compounds formed in the calcination process are necessary to sustain the Fenton reaction. This protocol provides an alternative, environmentally friendly method of reusing digested sludge and demonstrates an easily synthesized mesoporous material that effectively degrades azo dyes.
文摘采用热重分析法研究城市污泥、稻壳水热炭及两者不同掺混比的燃烧特性与反应动力学。对比分析其在不同升温速率下从室温升至1000℃的燃烧特性,用Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO)法计算其燃烧过程中的反应动力学参数。结果表明,稻壳水热炭的挥发性、着火和燃尽指数均高于城市污泥,具有较好的燃烧特性,掺混稻壳水热炭使城市污泥混合燃烧时发生热滞后现象。随着稻壳水热炭掺混比的增加,共混物的燃烧残余质量减少,着火性能变差,燃烧性能变强。活化能的相关系数均高于0.95,稻壳水热炭掺混高于50wt%时,共混物的平均活化能低于稻壳水热炭单独燃烧的平均活化能,掺混70wt%稻壳水热炭时出现最低平均活化能,为85.48 k J/mol。城市污泥与稻壳水热炭混燃时有协同交互作用,且掺混50wt%稻壳水热炭时效果最佳。
