Irregular initial solidification by mold thermal monitoring in the continuous casting of steels:A review

Occasional irregular initial solidification phenomena,including stickers,deep oscillation marks,depressions,and surface cracks of strand shells in continuous casting molds,are important limitations for developing the high-efficiency continuous casting of steels.The application of mold thermal monitoring(MTM) systems,which use thermocouples to detect and respond to temperature variations in molds,has become an effective method to address irregular initial solidification phenomena.Such systems are widely applied in numerous steel companies for sticker breakout prediction.However,monitoring the surface defects of strands remains immature.Hence,indepth research is necessary to utilize the potential advantages and comprehensive monitoring of MTM systems.This paper summarizes what is included in the irregular initial solidification phenomena and systematically reviews the current state of research on these phenomena by the MTM systems.Furthermore,the influences of mold slag behavior on monitoring these phenomena are analyzed.Finally,the remaining problems of the formation mechanisms and investigations of irregular initial solidification phenomena are discussed,and future research directions are proposed.

Dynamic Constraint-Driven Event-Triggered Control of Strict-Feedback Systems Without Max/Min Values on Irregular Constraints

This work proposes an event-triggered adaptive control approach for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems under irregular constraints.Unlike the constraints considered in most existing papers,here the external irregular constraints are considered and a constraints switching mechanism(CSM)is introduced to circumvent the difficulties arising from irregular output constraints.Based on the CSM,a new class of generalized barrier functions are constructed,which allows the control results to be independent of the maximum and minimum values(MMVs)of constraints and thus extends the existing results.Finally,we proposed a novel dynamic constraint-driven event-triggered strategy(DCDETS),under which the stress on signal transmission is reduced greatly and no constraints are violated by making a dynamic trade-off among system state,external constraints,and inter-execution intervals.It is proved that the system output is driven to close to the reference trajectory and the semi-global stability is guaranteed under the proposed control scheme,regardless of the external irregular output constraints.Simulation also verifies the effectiveness and benefits of the proposed method.

Strength and deformation characteristics of irregular columnar jointed rock mass: A combined experimental and theoretical study

The irregularity of jointed network poses a challenge to the determination of field mechanical param-eters of columnar jointed rock mass(CJRM),and a reasonable prediction of deformation and strength characteristics of CJRM is important for engineering construction.The Voronoi diagram and three-dimensional printing technology were used to make an irregular columnar jointed mold,and the irregular CJRM(ICJRM)specimens with different dip directions and dip angles were prepared.Uniaxial compression tests were performed,and the anisotropic strength and deformation characteristics of ICJRM were described.The failure modes and mechanisms were revealed in accordance with the final appearances of the ICJRM specimens.Based on the model test results,the empirical correlations for determining the field deformation and strength parameters of CJRM were derived using the dip angle and modified joint factor.The proposed empirical equations were used in the Baihetan Project,and the calculated mechanical parameters were compared with the field test results and those obtained from the tunneling quality index method.Results showed that the deformation parameters determined by the two proposed methods are all consistent with the field test results,and these two methods can also estimate the strength parameters effectively.

Generation of irregular particle packing with prescribed statistical distribution, spatial arrangement, and volume fraction

A method for packing irregular particles with a prescribed volume fraction is proposed.Furthermore,the generated granular material adheres to the prescribed statistical distribution and satisfies the desired complex spatial arrangement.First,the irregular geometries of the realistic particles were obtained from the original particle images.Second,the Minkowski sum was used to check the overlap between irregular particles and place an irregular particle in contact with other particles.Third,the optimised advance front method(OAFM)generated irregular particle packing with the prescribed statistical dis-tribution and volume fraction based on the Minkowski sum.Moreover,the signed distance function was introduced to pack the particles in accordance with the desired spatial arrangement.Finally,seven biaxial tests were performed using the UDEC software,which demonstrated the accuracy and potential usefulness of the proposed method.It can model granular material efficiently and reflect the meso-structural characteristics of complex granular materials.This method has a wide range of applications where discrete modelling of granular media is necessary.

On the problem of the dynamical reactions of a rolling wheelset to real track irregularities

We investigate numerically the dynamical reactions of a moving wheelset model to real measured track irregularities.The background is to examine whether the dynamics are suitable as the input to the inverse problem:determine the true track geometry from measured wheelset dynamical reactions.It is known that the method works well for the vertical position of the rails but the computed lateral position is often flawed.We find that the lateral motion of the wheelset often may differ from the track geometry.The cases are investigated closely but the reasons remain unknown.While the wheelset dynamics reflect the larger(>4-6 mm)aperiodic track disturbances and single large disturbances quite well,this does not seem to be the case for general smaller or periodic track irregularities or sections behind single large disturbances.The resulting dynamics of a wheelset to lateral track irregularities are in general not sufficiently accurate to be used as the basis for a description of the track irregularities.

Influence of Vertical Irregularity on the Seismic Behavior of Base Isolated RC Structures with Lead Rubber Bearings under Pulse-Like Earthquakes

Nowadays,an extensive number of studies related to the performance of base isolation systems implemented in regular reinforced concrete structures subjected to various types of earthquakes can be found in the literature.On the other hand,investigations regarding the irregular base-isolated reinforced concrete structures’performance when subjected to pulse-like earthquakes are very scarce.The severity of pulse-like earthquakes emerges from their ability to destabilize the base-isolated structure by remarkably increasing the displacement demands.Thus,this study is intended to investigate the effects of pulse-like earthquake characteristics on the behavior of low-rise irregular base-isolated reinforced concrete structures.Within the study scope,investigations related to the impact of the pulse-like earthquake characteristics,irregularity type,and isolator properties will be conducted.To do so,different values of damping ratios of the base isolation system were selected to investigate the efficiency of the lead rubber-bearing isolator.In general,the outcomes of the study have shown the significance of vertical irregularity on the performance of base-isolated structures and the considerable effect of pulse-like ground motions on the buildings’behavior.

Refined disturbance observer based prescribed performance fixed-time control of high-speed EMS trains with track irregularities

High-speed Electromagnetic Suspension(EMS)train is continuously impacted by the irregularity of the track,which worsens the levitation performance of the train.In this paper,a composite control scheme for the EMS is proposed to suppress track irregularities by integrating a Refined Disturbance Observer(RDO)and a Prescribed Performance Fixed-Time Controller(PPFTC).The RDO is designed to estimate precisely the track irregularities and lumped disturbances with uncertainties and exogenous disturbances in the suspension system,and reduce input chattering by applying to the disturbance compensation channel.PPFTC is designed to converge the suspension air gap error to equilibrium point with prescribed performance by completing error conversion,and solve the fast dynamic issue of EMS.And the boundary of overshoot and steady-state is limited in the ranged prescribed.A theoretical analysis is conducted on the stability of the proposed control method.Finally,the effectiveness and reasonability of the proposed composite anti-disturbance control scheme is verified by simulation results.

Use of Irregular Wood Components to Design Non-Standard Structures

This project deals with architecture and engineering involved in the process of architectural design.Based on native irregular components,it aims at developing an innovative approach in the conception and rationalization of non-standard structures.Contemporary architecture and its non-classical structures require the design of customized pieces.This process which is highly energy and resources consumptive does not always take into account the inherent material properties.This project develops a way of optimizing,in architectural structures,the use of native wood pieces that are not industrially transformed(e.g.boughs)or of reused pieces of carpentry.As a consequence,the ecological footprint of the structures would be reduced.

孕产妇不规则抗体血清学特征和临床意义分析

目的:明确不规则抗体在孕产妇人群中的血清学特征,探讨其临床意义。方法:选取2017年1月-2022年3月于重庆医科大学附属妇女儿童医院就诊的孕产妇151471例,采用微柱凝胶抗人球蛋白法进行不规则抗体筛查,对部分抗体筛查阳性标本进一步做抗体特异性鉴定。结果:孕产妇不规则抗体筛查阳性率为0.91%(1375/151471),其中0.23%(355/151471)在孕早期检出,0.05%(71/151471)在孕中期检出,0.63%(949/151471)在孕晚期检出,孕晚期抗体阳性率明显高于孕早期和孕中期,且孕晚期新增阳性例数明显高于孕中期新增例数;分析1375例不规则抗体阳性结果的凝集强度,其中凝集强度为弱阳性占比最高,为50.11%(689/1375),可疑阳性占18.69%(257/1375),阳性占31.20%(429/1375),孕中期凝集强度分布与孕早期相比差异无统计学意义,但孕晚期可疑阳性和弱阳性的比例低于孕早期,阳性比例高于孕早期,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。不规则抗体阳性孕产妇中,妊娠≥2次孕产妇的占比明显高于≤1次者;进行抗体鉴定的60例孕产妇中,Rh系统占25.00%(15/60),Lewis系统占43.33%(26/60),Kidd系统占3.33%(2/60),MNS系统抗体占16.67%(10/60),P1PK系统抗体占1.67%(1/60),自身抗体占1.67%(1/60),4例无法确认特异性占6.67%(4/60);特异性抗体中以抗-Lea(30.00%)最为常见,其次是抗-E(16.67%)和抗-M(16.67%)。结论:不同地区、具有不同遗传背景的孕产妇人群的不规则抗体血清学特征存在差异,掌握本地区孕产妇不规则抗体的特征,对保证孕产妇输血安全、防治新生儿溶血病具有十分重要的意义。

多源车载数据驱动的地铁轨道不平顺智能识别方法

针对轨道不平顺检测成本高与时效性低等不足,从车辆动态响应与轨道不平顺之间的相关性为切入点,提出一种多源车载数据驱动的轨道不平顺智能识别方法。首先,建立地铁车辆系统动力学模型,获取车辆振动与运动姿态响应数据;其次,通过相关性分析算法,选取强相关性数据,制作网络模型数据集;最后,建立卷积神经网络-长短期记忆网络(CNN-LSTM),通过粒子群算法优化(PSO)神经网络模型参数,建立PSO-CNN-LSTM模型,实现对轨道不平顺的识别拟合。研究结果表明:在车辆动态响应信号中,与横向信号与轨道不平顺之间的相关性相比,垂向信号的更强,同时,车体的运动姿态如车体点头角速度与不平顺有明显的相关性。所提出的PSO-CNN-LSTM模型轨道垂向与横向不平顺识别拟合度分别达0.92和0.76。与经典的全连接神经网络FCNN和支持向量机SVR相比,PSO-CNN-LSTM有更好的识别效果与时效性。

45°倾斜应用的多通道干涉截止滤光片研制

光纤通信的发展对通信器件中薄膜滤光片提出了新的要求。根据45°倾斜应用的多通道干涉截止滤光片的设计指标,选择Nb2O5和SiO2为高、低折射率材料设计非规整膜系,以减少偏振效应的影响。结合APS1104型镀膜机的特点,分析了设计膜系的膜层灵敏度和薄膜生长过程中的模拟监控曲线,判断设计薄膜的可镀制性。然后采取直接光学监控方式,选择合适的镀制工艺成功镀制滤光片。测试结果表明:滤光片在45°倾斜应用条件下,1255~1365 nm、1475~1502 nm双通带最大插入损耗为0.199 dB,1547~1565 nm为反射带,通带隔离度为17.3 dB,满足系统应用需求。

异形平面组合空腹夹层板楼盖舒适度实测研究

利用环境激励,采用时域法模态拟合方法对异形平面组合空腹夹层板楼盖结构进行了现场竖向振动模态测试,得到组合楼盖结构前4阶竖向振型、自振频率、阻尼比等参数,并与有限元软件计算出的振型对比分析;对异形平面组合空腹夹层版楼盖进行6种工况作用下的人致振动加速度时程测试,分别得到各工况下不同测点的加速度时程曲线及相应各测点的加速度峰值。结果表明,现场实测和有限元分析得到的组合空腹夹层板楼盖自振频率均远大于3Hz,且两者误差在5%之内;楼盖阻尼比均小于005;最不利工况下异形组合空腹夹层板楼盖竖向最大加速度峰值为0036m/s2,其自振频率和加速度峰值均满足《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》(JGJ 3—2010)和《组合楼板设计与施工规范》(CECS 273—2010)要求,楼盖应用在大跨度异形平面中具有较好的舒适度。

基于特征聚类的轨道不平顺潜在病害辨识

研究目的:轨道不平顺潜在病害隐蔽性强,对其准确合理辨识是开展预防修策略下线路养护维修作业的前提。本文以轨检数据为基础,分别构造了以轨道质量指数(TQI)和轨道不平顺幅值为对象的潜在病害辨识指标。在此基础上,基于k-means++聚类算法和手肘法通过判定样本最佳聚类簇数实现潜在病害的识别及定位。依托某有砟铁路动检数据对所提轨道不平顺潜在病害辨识方法进行了验证。研究结论:(1)对于均值管理来说,在16 km连续轨道区段上2处区段单元潜在病害被准确识别,其历史最大TQI值分别约为5.5 mm、5.3 mm,且潜在病害定位结果与实际里程基本吻合;(2)对于峰值管理来说,在500 m连续轨道区段上2处局部不平顺潜在病害也被准确识别,其历史最大幅值约为3 mm、3.3 mm,潜在病害定位结果与实际里程基本吻合;(3)本研究成果可与大机捣固作业、人工精调作业相结合,为预防修策略下的潜在病害整治提供辅助参考。

空间异形拱桥振动台试验设计

振动台试验是研究大型结构复杂动力特性和地震响应的有效手段,由于振动台尺寸和载重的限制,合理设计缩尺模型结构是振动台试验成功的关键。基于量纲相似法及弹性相似律,取1∶20的几何相似比,以某空间异形拱桥为原型,开展了其关键参数动力缩尺模型设计。首先,通过有限元数值分析,分析了动力作用下原桥模型与缩尺桥模型的动力特性、关键部位内力与位移等响应,以验证缩尺模型的合理性;并在选取合理地震动作用下,开展了结构时程响应分析。研究结果表明:缩尺模型桥与原型桥前10阶模态完全吻合且频率误差小于7%,关键截面内力、位移和加速度等响应误差未超过10%,缩尺模型桥可较好地反映原桥动力特性和响应特点。研究成果可为空间异形拱桥振动台抗震设计提供技术支撑并为同类桥梁振动台试验提供参考。

轨道不平顺条件下列车运行引起的饱和地基振动响应

为研究轨道不平顺条件下列车运行引起的饱和地基振动响应,进一步完善饱和地基的振动传播和衰减规律,将轨道不平顺引入饱和地基2.5D有限元,通过Fourier变换得到频域-波数域表达式,对比分析准静态荷载与不平顺条件下高铁列车运行对饱和地基加速度、位移和孔隙水压力的影响规律。研究结果表明:列车速度较低时,2种条件下列车引起的饱和地基振动相差不大,随着列车速度提高,轨道不平顺使饱和地基的加速度幅值和位移幅值显著增大,且在时程曲线规律上呈现更强的波动性;轨道不平顺对轨道中心加速度频谱影响较小,列车在低速和高速运行时,2种荷载的频谱规律均基本一致,主频分布也基本相同,轨道不平顺条件下仅各频段加速度大小略有增加;轨道不平顺会大幅增加高速列车运行引起的饱和地基孔隙水压力,且随着深度增加孔压迅速衰减。

基于轨迹线改进的临界多边形算法

在异形件的下料排样问题中,最为困难的就是求解裁片在板料中的位置以保证材料较高的利用率,算法复杂度随着料片数量和料片轮廓复杂度的增加迅速上升。临界多边形算法是计算异形件之间靠接位置和重叠关系的一种基础性几何工具,临界多边形算法的性能与下料排样算法效率密切相关。本文在基于轨迹线的求解临界多边形算法基础上,提出一种求解临界多边形(NFP)的改进算法。该算法有效地将移动碰撞算法和轨迹线算法相结合,充分发挥两类算法各自的优点,提高了临界多边形求解的计算速度。仿真实例验证了改进方法的正确性和有效性。

车辆-轨道系统动力极值预测及可靠度计算

为从车辆-轨道系统的动力极值预测及其可靠度计算角度分析车辆系统行车安全、衡量系统可靠程度,基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学及概率理论,提出一种车轨系统动力极值预测及可靠度评估方法。首先,基于轨道不平顺概率模型,采用轨道不平顺累计概率谱确定具有不同激振能量的随机不平顺序列;依据离散Parseval定理,建立轨道不平顺时域序列和功率谱间的对应关系;将轨道不平顺概率模型与车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型相结合,从随机动力计算中提取车辆-轨道的动力极值及可靠度信息;随后利用车辆-轨道耦合动力模型及二维插值算子,根据谱线能量关系实现动力极值预测;此外,基于此系统激励输入与响应输出间的概率等效性,导出了动力极值的可靠度计算式。以实测的轨道不平顺和车体加速度数据及4种类型不平顺在不同累计概率下的谱组合计算得出的轮轨横向力和钢轨垂向位移的计算结果为样本,与预测结果进行对比。研究结果表明:计算时程的分布趋势基本与实测时程一致,动力极值预测结果与实际的动力计算结果较为接近。由于轨道不平顺随机性的存在使得车辆-轨道系统的动力响应存在随机离散及方差特征,但通过轨道不平顺的幅频及能量特性预测车辆-轨道系统的动力极值的方法是较为可行的。

防空作战中多边形责任区预警机空域配置方法

针对防空作战中不规则多边形责任区预警机空域配置问题,基于预警机巡逻航线最短直飞距离和最小转弯直径所形成的实时探测区,通过寻优算法确定预警机责任子区和相应的预警机巡逻可用空域,再基于预警机稳定覆盖度评估准则,对其空域配置进一步寻优,得到预警机空域配置优化方案。通过算例仿真验证了此种方法在不规则多边形责任区中规划预警机空域配置的可行性和提升作战效能的有效性,其方法具有较强的实用价值和军事价值。

玄武岩机制砂不规则度对混凝土流动和力学性能影响研究

为深入探究机制砂不规则颗粒含量对混凝土流动和力学性能的影响,引入了机制砂不规则度概念。采用室内试验方法,对比研究了各材料配比下玄武岩机制砂不规则度对混凝土流动特性和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:不同材料配比下,玄武岩机制砂混凝土的坍落度、抗折强度和抗压强度等指标均随机制砂不规则度的增加而不断降低,且高强度混凝土配比方案比低强度混凝土配比方案的降低幅度更大;当机制砂不规则颗粒含量超过30%时,不规则度对任何材料配比的混凝土力学性能和流动性能均有较大的影响;机制砂不规则度对混凝土抗折强度的影响大于对抗压强度的影响。

混沌锂原子三电子不规则散射研究

本文采用经典方法分析了混沌锂原子中三电子的不规则散射(IS)现象。三电子的不规则散射区是由2个无量纲参数来体现得非常窄的窗口。在三角形构型的锂原子体系中,不规则散射区域中的三重电子存活概率将以正则化时间为函数而呈现衰减规律。结果表明:三重电子衰变的存活概率遵循代数定律P(τ)~τ^(-α),衰减指数α_(TE)=2.02;双电子衰变的存活概率也遵循代数定律,其衰减指数α_(DE)=0.78,并可以用外电子与原子核形成的长寿命开普勒轨道来解释。而三重电子衰减定律的解释是一个具有挑战性的问题,研究结果显示,不规则散射区三电子的典型长寿命轨迹是由2个突出的开普勒轨道组成的。此外,通过对三电子系统的T构形研究,揭示了代数衰变律的构型无关性。这种配置记忆损失可能与不规则散射区域三电子的共振有关。