Experimental demonstration of an invisible cloak with irregular shape by using tensor transmission line metamaterials

We present the design and the experimental demonstration of an invisible cloak with irregular shape by using tensor transmission line（TL） metamaterials. The fabricated cloak consists of tensor TL unit cells exhibiting anisotropic effective material parameters, while the background medium consists of isotropic TL unit cells. The simulated and the measured field patterns around the cloak show a fairly good agreement, both demonstrate that the fabricated cloak can shield the cloaked interior area from electromagnetic fields without perturbing the external fields. The scattering of the cloaked perfect electric conductor（PEC） is minimized. Furthermore, the nonresonant property of the TL structure results in a relatively broad bandwidth of the realized cloak, which is clearly observed in our experiment.

Dynamic failure risk of coal pillar formed by irregular shape longwall face:A case study

Irregular shape workface would result in the presence of coal pillar, which leads to high stress concentration and possibly induces coal bumps. In order to study the coal bump mechanism of pillars, static and dynamic stress overlapping(SDSO) method was proposed to explain the impacts of static stress concentration and tremors induced by mining activities. The stress and deformation in surrounding rock of mining face were analyzed based on the field case study at 1303 workface in Zhaolou Coal Mine in China.The results illustrate that the surrounding rock of a workface could be divided into four different zones,i.e., residual stress zone, stress decrease zone, stress increase zone and original stress zone. The stress increase zone is prone to failure under the SDSO impact loading conditions and will provide elastic energy for inducing coal bump. Based on the numerical modelling results, the evolution of static stress in coal pillar as the size of gob increasing was studied, and the impact of dynamic stress was investigated through analyzing the characteristics of tremor activities. The numerical results demonstrate the peak value of vertical stress in coal pillar rises from about 30 MPa with mining distance 10 m to 52.6 MPa with mining distance 120 m, and the location of peak stress transfers to the inner zone of coal pillars as the workface moves forward. For the daily tremor activities, tremors with high energy released indicate high dynamic stress disturbance on the surrounding rock, therefore, the impact of dynamic stressing is more serious during workface extension period because the tremor frequency and average energy after workface extension are higher than those before the workface extension.

A Topology Mapping Method for Feature Extraction of Irregular Curve Shape

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Radiation from finite cylindrical shell with irregular-shaped acoustic enclosure

In practical situations, large machinery is usually placed in an underwater vessel and changes the acoustic enclosure shape into an irregular one. The existence of machinery causes the difficulties in expressing sound transmission and radiation analytically. In this study, the sound radiation of a cylindrical shell excited by an internal acoustic source is modeled and analyzed. The cylindrical shell contains a machine modeled as a rectangular object, which is attached to a shell with a spring-mass system. The acoustic field of the cavity is computed by the integro-modal approach. The effect of object size on the coupling between acoustic mode and structural mode is investigated. The relationship between object volume and sound radiation is also studied. Numerical results show that the existence of objects inside vessels leads to a more effective coupling between the structure and acoustic enclosure than the existence of no objects in a regular-shaped cavity（i.e. empty vessel）.

基于轨迹线改进的临界多边形算法

在异形件的下料排样问题中,最为困难的就是求解裁片在板料中的位置以保证材料较高的利用率,算法复杂度随着料片数量和料片轮廓复杂度的增加迅速上升。临界多边形算法是计算异形件之间靠接位置和重叠关系的一种基础性几何工具,临界多边形算法的性能与下料排样算法效率密切相关。本文在基于轨迹线的求解临界多边形算法基础上,提出一种求解临界多边形(NFP)的改进算法。该算法有效地将移动碰撞算法和轨迹线算法相结合,充分发挥两类算法各自的优点,提高了临界多边形求解的计算速度。仿真实例验证了改进方法的正确性和有效性。

外包钢壳混凝土异形索塔及其施工临时支撑研究

斜拉桥外包钢壳混凝土异形索塔结构受力复杂,在施工阶段存在变形和应力过大等问题。为保障该类索塔的施工安全和线形标准,设计了三种支撑方案以减小索塔的应力和变形,并利用有限元法对不同支撑方案的技术性能进行分析。分析结果表明,异形索塔的拱形轴线对塔柱应力和变形影响很大,不同建模方法计算的索塔应力和变形差异较大;三种方案的支撑均可显著减小索塔变形和腔内混凝土拉应力,而四道双管方案对降低施工难度和误差最有效;塔柱变形及混凝土拉应力对风压很敏感,施工时应加强塔柱抗风措施设计。

超高层建筑施工全过程监测技术研究

结合工程实际,针对超高层建筑高度超限、体形不规则、受力及施工复杂而导致的施工难点,从保障工程质量和结构安全的角度考虑,对施工全过程进行了自动化监测。研究分析了工程施工全过程的监测内容、技术方法和监测结果等,总结的监测技术方法及相关工程经验可为类似工程提供参考。

ICE Particle Size and Shape Effect on Solar Energy Scattering Angular Distribution

The rare occurrence of te halos produced by cirrus ice crystals in nature has been investigated by modelling the incident solar (visible) light scattering angular distribution using the Monte Carlo/ray tracing method.The results show that the irregular shapes of ice crystals and large population of small ice particles in cirrus are responsible forthe rare occurrence of halos.

超大断面异型隧道台阶法施工工法优选研究

为保证超大断面异型隧道的施工安全,依托某超大断面异型隧道建设工程,利用FLAC3D软件对超大断面异型隧道采用四台阶九步法、三台阶七步法、三台阶五步法的位移、应力、安全系数进行了研究。研究结果表明:(1)四台阶九步法所引起的拱顶沉降与收敛值均最小,分别为3.563 mm、0.765 mm、1.715 mm、2.785 mm、2.060 mm,位移控制效果最佳且满足工程规定值;三台阶七步法次之,而三台阶五步法各项收敛值均最大;(2)四台阶九步法最大主应力和最小主应力均小于其他两种工况应力值,且应力分布较为均匀;(3)四台阶九步法最小安全系数最大,为3.98,满足规范要求;推荐该工程使用四台阶九步法进行施工。研究成果可为类似异型隧道施工工法选取提供参考。

三维激光扫描技术在异形结构表面积测算中的应用研究

表面积测算在建筑、林业和医学中都有着重要应用,传统的目标实体表面积测算工具常以表面积测定仪、全站仪等为主,但是往往受限于测量仪器的精度和测量过程的复杂性,无法满足对异形结构表面积的精确测算需求。文章应用三维激光扫描技术对不规则实体表面积测算理论和技术方法进行研究,并以某异形雕塑为工程案例进行验证。研究结果表明,该方法具有无接触、自动测量且精度和作业效率高等优势,对于推动该领域的发展具有重要意义。

基于改进Alpha Shapes算法的农机作业面积测量

农田作业面积测量方法层出不穷,但在对小块田地与不规则田地进行面积测量时会出现较大的误差,为此设计基于改进后的Alpha Shapes算法农机作业面积测量方法。利用改进后的Alpha Shapes算法对农机作业定位点集进行处理,实现对小块农田和不规则农田作业轮廓的精准提取,采用Delaunay三角剖分算法计算出农田作业面积。试验结果表明:基于改进后的Alpha Shapes算法的小块农田和不规则农田进行面积测量时误差率分别为1.5%和3.5%,其他测量方法对小块农田和不规则农田进行面积测量误差率普遍维持在3.5%和5%以上。结果表明采用改进Alpha Shapes算法的农机作业面积测量方法在对小块农田和不规则田地进行面积测量时,精度较高,满足试验设计要求。

Numerical optimization of gourd-shaped surface texture and experiment of tribological performance

A numerical optimization approach based on the finite element(FE) simulation was used to design the optimum irregular gourd-shaped pattern parameters for generating the highest hydrodynamic pressure. Then the optimum parameters of the gourd-shaped surface texture were determined and the textures were processed on the stainless steel surface by the laser technology. The tribological performance of gourd-shaped surface texture was analyzed using the type of UMT2 tester, and compared with that of the regular circle surface texture and none-texture surface by considering the effect of sliding speeds and applied loads on the tribological performance. The results show that the compound factor n, the diameter ratio Dr and the texture depth Hd are more significant parameters and the optimum values are 0.618, 2.0 and 4 μm, respectively. In addition, irregular gourd-shaped surface texture with optimum parameters is the most effective in the friction reduction among the patterns investigated under different speeds and applied loads in this work. Moreover, better coordination and combination effect can be obtained by gourd-shaped surface texture. The main reason responsible for the results is the irregular symmetric nature of the gourd-shaped texture along the direction of lubricants flowing which can generate the higher fluid dynamic pressure.

机械手臂支撑架加工工艺分析及专用夹具设计

为解决机械手臂支撑架零件外形不规则,在铣削加工中难以采用通用夹具进行定位装夹,零件的加工精度也较难保证的问题,设计了零件的专用夹具、制定了新的加工工艺,使加工效率提升了27%,合格率从68%提高到98%,满足了零件的生产需要。实践验证表明,通过设计专用夹具和优化加工工艺可以有效提高支撑架零件的合格率和生产效率,该方法对其它形状不规则零件的加工也具有一定的指导意义。

非规则形状颗粒自由沉降监测分析系统

流体力学中传统的颗粒沉降行为研究大多针对规则球形颗粒,而异形颗粒的沉降问题易被忽视。该文基于高速摄像-Python-MATLAB技术设计了异形颗粒沉降监测分析系统,主要由沉降装置、高速摄像机、计算分析系统等组成,可以对不同形状颗粒在液体介质中的沉降行为进行快速、精准的记录和多角度分析。该系统的设计和教学实践有助于提升学生对特殊现象的观察与捕捉能力,以及解决科学问题的能力。

Application of a p-version curved C^(1)finite element based on the nonlocal Kirchhoff plate theory to the vibration analysis of irregularly shaped nanoplates

Nanoplates have been widely used as elementary components for ultrasensitive and ultrafine resolution applications in the field of nano-electro-mechanical systems because of their potentially remarkable mechanical properties.The accurate analysis of their mechanical behavior is currently of particular interest in the function design and reliability analysis of nano-scaled devices.To examine the size-dependent bending and vibration behavior of nanoplates with curvilinear and irregular shapes,a new p-version curved C^(1)finite element is formulated in the framework of the nonlocal Kirchhoff plate model.This newly developed element not only enables an accurate geometry representation and easy mesh generation of curvilinear domains but also overcomes the difficulty of imposing C^(1)conformity required by the nonlocal Kirchhoff plate model,particularly on the curvilinear inter-element boundaries.Numerical examples show that this element can produce an exponential rate of convergence even when curved elements are used in the domain discretization.Vast numerical results are presented for nanoplates with various geometric shapes,including rectangular,circular,elliptic,annular,and sectorial.The high accuracy of the present element is verified by comparing the obtained results with analytical and numerical results in the literature.Additionally,a comprehensive parametric analysis is conducted to investigate the influences of nonlocal parameters,plate dimensions,and boundary conditions on the nonlocal behavior of nanoplates.The present element can be envisaged to allow large-scale mechanical simulations of nanoplates,with a guarantee of accuracy and efficiency.

异形催化剂上乙烯催化氧化失活动力学反应工程计算

以乙烯催化氧化制环氧乙烷体系为研究对象,采用有限元算法对异形催化剂失活动力学方程与反应-传质-传热方程组同时求解,模型收敛性和计算结果准确性均很好。催化剂颗粒经过16个月反应后,主副反应活性系数均下降明显,且副反应失活速率大于主反应。随着催化剂失活,第一类失活内扩散效率因子随时间增加而上升,第二类失活内扩散效率因子随时间增加先下降然后小幅度上升。通过定量计算表明催化剂内扩散阻力的存在能“延缓”由于失活导致的表观反应速率下降。对于存在强内扩散限制的此反应体系,表观失活速率只有不存在内扩散影响的失活速率的50.8%。内扩散对失活动力学方程实验测量有很大影响,必须区分本征失活动力学和宏观失活动力学。当催化剂活性降低到一定程度,可以提高反应温度以保证反应在高速率区间进行。应用此模型能指导反应器设计和失活状态下反应器的操作参数优化。

不规则形貌纳米Fe_(3)O_(4)介导的磁场机械力杀伤肿瘤细胞

目的考察Fe_(3)O_(4)纳米颗粒在低频振动磁场(low-frequency vibrating magnetic field,VMF)驱动下通过磁场机械力杀伤肿瘤细胞的效果。方法通过共沉淀法合成一种磁性强、具有不规则形貌的立方相Fe_(3)O_(4)纳米颗粒。将其置于本课题组自制的VMF中,研究其介导的磁场机械力对肿瘤细胞的杀伤效果。结果单纯施加VMF对细胞活力无影响;加入Fe_(3)O_(4)纳米颗粒后,细胞活力随VMF处理时间和Fe_(3)O_(4)纳米颗粒浓度的增加而降低,受损细胞释放的乳酸脱氢酶也随磁场处理时间延长而增加。结论不规则形貌Fe_(3)O_(4)纳米颗粒在VMF下可将机械力转移到肿瘤细胞,破坏细胞结构,导致细胞死亡;所采用的VMF装置结构简单、使用安全、操作方便。所采用的磁性粒子及其杀伤肿瘤细胞的方法,有临床转化潜力。

钢筋混凝土的负泊松比设计与抗弯性能研究

将钢筋混凝土的方形结构箍筋改变为六肋结构、星形结构,设计制备出拥有负泊松比效应的钢筋混凝土梁。通过三点弯曲试验和落锤冲击试验数值模拟分析混凝土的抗弯性能,同时通过数字散斑相关方法分析其变形行为以及泊松比。结果表明:六肋结构和星形结构的箍筋能够提高混凝土的抗弯承载力,延缓其裂缝开展,提高其能量吸收率与弯曲韧性,星形箍筋的钢筋混凝土抗弯承载力和弯曲韧性系数分别可达22.6 kN及3.86 MPa;随箍筋结构中内凹角数量的增加,混凝土的抗弯性能增强,泊松比反而减小,且星形箍筋的钢筋混凝土甚至出现了负泊松比的现象,泊松比最小可达-0.03。

瞬变电磁不规则发射线框测量研究

目前国内常见的磁源瞬变电磁测量均采取布设规则形状发射线框的方式采集框内数据,之后利用处理软件制作成图解释。近年来,规则发射线框结合框外测量的方式已在生产中得到应用,但利用不规则发射线框结合框外测量的方式在生产中还难以见到。如果能利用不规则发射线框测量框外数据,对于提高瞬变电磁应用范围和工作效率都具有重要意义。通过模拟规则和不规则发射线框场源,对比两种不同发射线框框外实测数据,认为不规则发射线框框外测量数据真实可靠,可以带入软件计算,之后通过建模可确定地下构造的基本情况,表明采用不规则发射线框加框外测量的方式可以获得较好的探测结果,为瞬变电磁减少地形影响、提高测量效率和扩大方法应用范围提供了新的思路,具有良好的应用前景。

不规则形体的特大型自然类博物馆结构设计与施工

为利用狭长三角形场地,结合自然类博物馆的不规则形体展示方式,对成都自然博物馆主体结构设计和施工组织难点进行阐述。设计通过选用钢结构体系引入BRB耗材,满足结构体系不设缝要求,保持结构整体性,达到建筑形体和内部空间功能需求的目的;对不规则形体钢结构施工方法比选、特定场地施工组织、质量控制、安全措施进行研究分析,实现高效、精益建造。总结的不规则形体结构设计、大跨度复杂结构施工技术等,可为同类型项目建造积累经验。