Association between fifteen risk factors and progressing ischemic stroke in the Han population of northeast China

Background The mortality and disability associated with progressing ischemic stroke are much higher than general ischemic stroke. This study was conducted to determine the risk factors for progressing ischemic stroke in the Han population of northeast China. Methods A total of 2511 patients with ischemic stroke within 24 hours admitted to Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University were studied, from November 2007 to May 2009. All of the patients were classified into the progressing or non-progressing group according to the scores of the Scandinavian Neurological Stroke Scale. Fifteen putative risk factors were evaluated. The influence of risk factors for progressing ischemic stroke was analyzed with the simple Logistic analysis, the multiple Logistic analysis, and the stepwise Logistic regression model. All the statistical analysis was performed by SAS 9.1. Results Totally 359 （14.3%） patients met the criteria for progressing ischemic stroke. The Logistic analysis showed that age, family stroke history, smoking history, hypertension on admission, a drop in blood pressure after admission to the hospital, high serum glucose on admission, and fever were related to progressing ischemic stroke in the Han population of northeast China. Conclusion People of the ischemic stroke with these factors are more likely to develop progressing ischemic stroke.

Myocardium reperfusion injury

The phenomenon of ischemia/reperfusion injury is described in the experimental models of acute myocardial infarction（AMI）,causing additional functional and structural damage to the acute reperfused myocardium,and ischemic preconditioning refers to the myocardial ischemia after a long period of reperfusion before one or several shortoccasional duplication of myocardial ischemia /reperfusion1,which can increase myocardial ischemic tolerance.The therapeutic strategies for AMI have focused on myocardial ischemia /reperfusion injury,which accounts for a significant part of the final infarct size.Although experiments in the last 20 years have reported that pharmacological interventions at reperfusion might reduce myocardial reperfusion injury,this could not be confirmed in human studies.An alternative to chemical modifiers,postconditioning（brief repeated periods of ischemia applied at the onset of reperfusion） is another method proven to be efficient in animal models and to be confirmed in recent human studies.This simple method,applied in the first minute of reperfusion,reduces the final infarct size by 30%-50%.This review will focus on the mechanisms,pharmacological preconditioning,postconditioning technique,which is easily applicable in human patients in the setting of AMI.