Contribution of Ecotourism Towards Sustainable Livelihood of the Communities Living on Wasini Island, Kwale County, Kenya

Ecotourism has traditionally been viewed as a panacea concept for developing countries to stimulate the economy, as well as, directly provide support for conservation efforts. This study examined the concept of ecotourism for a relatively sustainable, single activity within an established tourism destination of Wasini Island in Kwale County. The purpose of the study was to assess the contribution of ecotourism initiatives to the livelihoods of the local community, guided by the following objective： to assess the attitude of the local community towards ecotourism development. Descriptive survey research was adopted for the study. The target population included all ecotourism entrepreneurs, conservationists, community based organizations （CBOs）, and tour operators based in Wasini Island. Systematic random sampling was used to select 320 respondents. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires while secondary data were obtained through critical examination of public and private recorded documents related to the study. Data were analyzed using techniques which included frequencies, means, modes and percentages. Ecotourism initiatives in the study area have significantly contributed to job creation and financial empowerment to the local people. Ecotourism in the study area has contributed to the acquisition of both human （education） and physical assets owned by the local community. Environmental conservation has also been achieved through ecotourism initiatives. In the face of joblessness, residents of Wasini need to be capacitated to venture into ecotourism projects as it has the potential of improving livelihoods.

Development Trend of Small Island District in Tropical Monsoon Region (Case Study: Ly Son and Phu Quy Island Districts, Vietnam)

Ly Son (Quang Ngai province) and Phu Quy (Binh Thuan province) are two island districts in Vietnam that have similar natural characteristics;both are facing the issues of sustainable economic development. This research applied Man-Kendall model to estimate the trend of some socio-economic elements in these two island districts that have been collected during the period of 2002-2018. In general, socio-economic factors showed a tendency to increase recently. Ly Son island district has faster growth rate than that of Phu Quy because Phu Quy is farther from the mainland, more difficult to access and this island district does not own distinct local products. However, with the current development speed, Ly Son is facing several consequences such as insufficient water sources to meet the water demand and security instability due to the increasing number of visitors to the island. This research also proposed that, in order to sustainably develop the two island districts, there should be a specific structure for economic development orientation among sectors based on phased schedule. More importantly, tourism development planning should take capacity into consideration. Fishing practices should pay attention to methods and fishing equipment. Infrastructure investment for environmental protection as well as advocacy program to minimize the use of plastic bags should be done on a regular basis.

Empirical Analysis on Dominant Agriculture in Agricultural Districts and Counties of Tianjin

At present,developing the dominant agriculture plays an essential role in promoting the agricultural modernization of Tianjin. Based on the theory of location quotient,this paper made a quantitative analysis of the dominant agriculture in the agricultural districts and counties of Tianjin. According to the analysis,it made a qualitative analysis of the factors. Finally,it determined the dominant agriculture of each agricultural district and county of Tianjin.

Climate as the Early Warning of Outbreaks of Leptospirosis in the District of Sampang Madura Island Indonesia

In Indonesia, most transmission of leptospirosis occurs through the rat under conditions of high rainfall or flooding. Sampang is endemic leptospirosis, during March-May 2013, there were 55 patients with 8 of them died. The purpose of this study was to analyze risk factors for outbreaks leptospirosis by climatic factors. Study is cross-sectional design of variable causes or risks that occur due to the object of research are measured simultaneously. The results showed that the distribution of events is based on epidemiological characteristics of leptospirosis in districts Sampang both rainy and dry season. Analysis of climatic factors show support to the continuation of leptospirosis whose temperatures ranged from 29.35 ~C-30.62 ~C, humidity range between 63.4%-80.5%. Rainfall ranges from 183-190 ram. Incidence of leptospirosis in Sampang shows the distribution of leptospirosis cases from 18 subdistricts, 14 subdistriets are at risk of the occurrence of leptospirosis. Results obtained rat trapping species caught in the neighborhood residential home patients were mice （Rattus tanezumi and Rattus novergicus） and the identification of the leptospira in rat urine sewers rat positive standing of the potential risk of leptospirosis in the community. The conclusions are climatic conditions, rainfall remarkable effecting on the incidence of leptospirosis.

A Guide to the Open Cities(Counties,Cities and Districts)of Sichuan Province

Administrative divisions: ChengduMunicipality:Qingyang District, Jinjiang District,Wuhou District, Chenghua District, JinniuDistrict, Longquanyi District, QingbaijiangDistrict, Jintang County, Shuangliu County,Wenjiang County, Chongzhou City, XinduCounty, Dujiangyan City, Qionglai City,Pixian County, Pujiang County, XinjingCounty, Dayi County, Pengzhou

Spatial prediction of landslide for Badong County in the Three Gorges reservoir district

By using the landslide risk evaluating model and the advantages of GIS technology in image processing and space analysis, the relative landslide hazard and risk evaluating system of the new county site of Badong is built up. The system is mainly consisted of four subsystems： Information management subsystem, hazard as- sessment subsystem, vulnerability evaluation subsystem and risk prediction subsystem. In the system, landslide hazard assessment, vulnerability evaluation, risk predictions are carried out automatically based on irregular units. At last the landslide hazard and risk map of the study area is compiled. During the whole procedure, Matter-Element Model, Artificial Neural Network, ancl Information Model are used as assessment models. This system provides an effective way for the landslide hazard information management and risk prediction of each district in the Reservoir of Three Gorge Project. The result of the assessment can be a gist and ensure for the land planning and the emigration project in Badong.

The Differences between County,County-level City and Municipal District in the System of Administrative Divisions in China

Administrative division is an important means of political power reorganization and management,resource integration and optimal allocation,which profoundly shapes the spatial layout of urban development in China.To clarify and compare differences between counties,county-level cities and municipal districts is the primary premise for the study of administrative division and urban development.This paper analyzes the institutional differences between counties and county-level cities,as well as counties,county-level cities and municipal districts,from the aspects of organizational structure,urban construction planning,land management,finance,taxation and public services.The research shows that the establishment of counties,county-level cities and municipal districts adapt to different levels and stages of economic and social development,and the conversion from county to county-level city and the conversion from county(or county-level city)to municipal district are both important transformation ways to change their administrative systems,which has different management system and operation pattern.At the same time,the transformation of county-level administrative region is also a“double-edged sword”,we should think about the administrative system as a whole to decide whether it should be adjusted,and effectively respond to the actual needs of local economic and social development.

Dual-objective pattern optimization method for land suitability zoning in mountain counties

As the basic administrative unit of China,counties have grown rapidly in recent years in the context of rapid urbanization,especially for counties located in mountainous areas.The drastic changes in land in mountainous areas can easily cause irreversible damage to the sensitive ecological environment.Through the dual-objective suitability zoning of ecological and construction balance,regional sustainable land use patterns can be realized.In this study,Hantai District in Southern Shaanxi province,China,was chosen as the research area aiming at creating a balance between ecological supply and the development of construction in spatial planning.A dual-objective process evaluation system for ecological protection and construction development was proposed with 15 resistance factors selected from three attributes:natural ecology,economic society,and policy.The minimum resistance surface discrimination methods for ecological land and construction development land were proposed based on vertical space superposition and horizontal minimum cumulative resistance models.Finally,the land in Hantai District was divided into four development grades from the optimal angle of dual goals,i.e.,the construction core zone being 134.56 km^(2),the suitable construction zone 115.77 km2,the ecological buffer zone 153.74 km^(2),and the ecological control zone 151.93 km^(2),using the method combining resistance difference and threshold division.In addition,the development direction of each town under jurisdiction was identified.This study compensates for the deficiency of traditional methods that evaluate land only from a single vertical or horizontal process.

区县级医院学科发展竞争力指标体系研究

目的:构建一套科学实用的区县级医院学科发展竞争力评价指标。方法:基于PEST+SWOT分析法探索区县级医院学科发展关键要素及其运行机制,初筛学科发展竞争力指标体系;运用德尔菲法开展两轮专家咨询确定指标体系及权重。结果:该指标体系包括一级指标4个维度(医院管理及综合实力、人才队伍建设、科研创新、教育培训)、二级指标16个、三级指标38个。两轮专家咨询积极系数均为100%,各指标评分变异系数CV值均<0.2,专家协调程度较高,专家权威系数分别为0.94和0.91;各指标第二轮专家评分均值>3.8,大多数指标得分4以上。结论:经专家反馈和统计检验,该指标体系具备科学性和实用性。

广东省县区级医院感染管理质量控制中心的现状调查

目的调研广东省县区级医院感染管理质量控制中心现实情况,为本省院感质控中心对县区级院感质量控制中心质控管理方案的制定提供参考依据,并探讨相应的管理对策。方法通过问卷星问卷调查平台对广东省2023年12月31日前成立的县区级质控中心进行调研,内容包括医院感染管理专业质控中心的成立时间、人员架构、信息化水平、管理、质控及培训工作情况等。结果广东省有68家县区级院感质控中心,覆盖率达50.37%,近五年成立的占95.59%。专家以临床和护理为主(分别占23.75%、62.97%),学历以本科为主(占71.06%)。仅13%有运行经费。39家已建医院感染信息化监测,23家未配备,6家在建。20家进行质控督导出具质控报告,占29.41%;41家举办培训,占60.29%。结论广东省医院感染管理质量控制组织体系县区级覆盖率正在稳步提升,但是未完全覆盖所有县区,缺乏政策、经费支持,人员配备、人员专业覆盖面不足。卫生健康行政部门及县区级院感质控中心需统一监测标准、质控规范及考核评价方案,提升院感质控能力,完善“四级”管理与培训体系,以有效推动提升基层医疗机构的质量安全管理水平。

西藏札达日乌孜细石器地点石制品研究

本文采用类型学、数量统计等方法,对2019年在西藏札达县日乌孜细石器地点调查中所获得的石制品进行了研究。通过分析可知,其石制品类型包括普通石核、楔形细石核、锥形细石核、石叶、细石叶、尖状器、石锥、砍砸器及各类刮削器等,属典型细石器遗存。根据文化内涵及特征,推断日乌孜细石器地点为一处古人类的临时石器加工场所,年代可能处于全新世大暖期的鼎盛阶段,即距今7200~6000年之间。本项研究详细揭示了日乌孜细石器地点的文化面貌,有利于推动西藏西部的细石器研究走向深入。

撤县设区、空间一致性与县域经济发展

县域经济是我国实现城镇化发展的主战场。本文利用夜间灯光数据代理县域经济发展水平,突破统计数据受制于行政区划的空间限制,获得空间一致且跨时间可比的县域经济衡量指标。这不仅可避免因使用统计数据可能导致的可塑性面积单元问题,还可以同时分析“撤县设区”对县(市)和市辖区的影响,为“撤县设区”的研究提供更细致完整的图景。研究发现:“撤县设区”改革无论对被撤并县(市),还是对原市辖区的经济发展均未产生显著影响。原因在于,尽管“撤县设区”能够促进县域企业吸收更多人力资本,但却显著降低了企业的固定资产净投资和全要素生产率,这在一定程度上解释了为何“撤县设区”改革不能显著推动县域经济发展的原因。

为什么国家严控撤县设区:基于粮食安全的新解释

撤县设区是我国推进新型城镇化建设的重要行政区划调整政策。但2021年以来,国家多次表态要严控撤县设区。将撤县设区政策视为准自然实验,基于2000—2019年县域经济社会数据,运用多期DID、PSM-DID、CMP模型、中介效应模型等分析了撤县设区政策对粮食生产和粮食安全的影响及作用机制,从粮食安全视角对国家严控撤县设区的合理性进行了论证。研究发现:首先,撤县设区政策不利于粮食生产和粮食安全,这一结论在更换回归模型、更换被解释变量、调整样本量等检验后仍然稳健,而且这种负面影响存在长期性;其次,撤县设区政策通过农业生产要素重新配置和“政府注意力”转移两个方面对粮食安全产生负面影响;最后,这种负面影响还存在地区异质性,撤县设区对非粮食生产核心区的负面影响更加显著,导致粮食安全责任进一步失衡。建议谨慎推进撤县设区,平衡不同省份粮食安全责任,有序推进县域粮食综合生产能力提升。

湖南省创新型县(市、区)创新能力评价——基于综合赋权的障碍因子诊断

为贯彻国务院关于县域创新驱动发展相关政策,湖南省于2019启动了创新型县(市、区)培育建设,符合各地自身特色的创新道路被逐渐发掘,而其中资源配置、发展质量等问题则急需有效的评价。基于湖南地域特点与经济基础,从创新投入、企业创新、创新环境、创新绩效4个维度,结合专家评分法、熵权法、综合赋权法确定指标权重,运用多因素综合评价法对湖南省14个省级创新型县(市、区)的创新能力进行较为全面的评价分析,利用主客观结合的赋权方法构建指标体系并进行障碍因子诊断,对现有的湖南省内创新型县(市、区)建设情况及其创新能力、障碍因素进行综合性评价,并提出相应的对策建议。

海岛地区碳排放脱钩效应及驱动因素研究——基于Tapio脱钩指标和LMDI分解模型

海岛作为陆海复合生态系统的典型地带,通过科学测度海岛的碳排放强度及其脱钩效应,可以为海岛低碳绿色发展模式确定和实施路径选择提供依据。基于IPCC碳排放核算方法及线性插值法,构建海岛地区碳排放测度模型,以中国12个县级海岛为案例区,测算其2000—2020年的碳排放规模,采用Tapio脱钩模型及莫兰指数空间自相关法揭示其脱钩状态和空间格局演化特征,并运用LMDI分解方法探讨碳排放的影响因素。结果表明:(1)海岛县域碳排放总量与经济发展均呈增长趋势,经济发展与碳排放增长的速率相当;(2)海岛县域碳排放量多种脱钩类型共存的特征突出,弱脱钩成为主导性脱钩状态,低碳经济仍有很大的发展空间;(3)海岛县域脱钩效应存在显著的全局空间正相关性,空间集聚特征显著,崇明区成为典型脱钩优势区,嵊泗县、长岛县脱钩状态欠佳,呈现脱钩不稳定与区域不均衡的状态;(4)碳排放强度、产业结构、人口规模对碳排放具有正效应,而财政政策、经济发展具有负效应,且经济发展效应保持平稳状态。基于海岛县的脱钩态势,提出了通过优化产业结构、加大财政支持等差异化政策措施,助推“双碳”目标。

行政区划调整与城市空间结构演化——基于撤县设区的视角

在新型城镇化建设对城市紧凑集约发展提出更高要求的背景下,探讨行政区划调整对城市空间结构的影响具有重要意义。基于2000—2016年全国范围内演进的撤县设区数据,深入考察了撤县设区带来的城市空间结构演化效应的研究发现:(1)撤县设区促使了城市空间形态松散化和内部低密度发展,该结论在考虑多种指标、方法以及政策滞后效应之后仍成立。(2)撤县设区政策对东部城市的空间结构松散化影响更强,且不利于其发挥中心集聚优势;相比于建设规制较弱的城市,规制较强的城市受到撤县设区对城市空间结构分散化的影响更为显著。(3)进一步研究表明,自主选择型撤县设区对城市空间结构分散化的影响更加明显,而顺应融入型撤县设区则会在一定程度上促进城市空间结构趋于紧凑化。

贵州省健康县(区)建设及发展路径探析

健康县(区)建设是落实健康中国战略的重要举措。本文概述了近年来贵州省开展健康县(区)建设工作的主要策略与取得的经验成果,分析建设工作存在的问题和不足,提出工作思考与建议,为高质量开展健康县(区)建设、助力健康中国和乡村振兴战略提供参考。

因地制宜、乘势而上,打造海岛县城综合性城市节点——温州市洞头区同心广场交通旅游综合体策划研究

县城建设是新时代县域发展的核心部分。洞头是全国十四个海岛区县之一,人口规模小、建设空间有限、优质项目稀缺,如何利用有限的资源,实现长三角一体化背景下的“海上花园”定位,是它面临的重大发展挑战。同心广场是洞头目前为数不多的重点项目,如何利用这个机会,发挥超越项目本身的效用,为完善城市功能作出额外贡献,是进行本次策划研究的核心理念。本项目站在县域整体发展的角度,策划海陆交通、酒店住宿、综合商业、高端商务、文化展示、休闲娱乐等六大业态,因地制宜地将原本单一功能的客运中心提升为城市增量建设的综合性节点,进而发挥“引火柴”的效应,成为推动洞头高质量发展的活力引擎。这将为今后海岛县城应对新时代发展的复杂挑战、探索新型城镇化建设路径提供可资借鉴的经验。

陕西山阳县杨地赣语岛的语音特点及两字组连读变调

陕西山阳县杨地赣语岛把普通话及许多方言所具有的撮口呼字多读作翘舌音声母拼合口呼,把古入声字普通话读作■、ie、ye韵母的字读作ε、iε、uε韵母。该方言岛有3个单字调,即平声阳去、上声、去声;根据连读变调推断,在迁出其祖居地之前最少有阴平、阳平、上声、去声、入声等5个单字调。其变调规律如前字平声阳去,后字古浊声母平声(阳平),前字不变调,后字变作44;再如前后字均为古入声,有五种格局,其中一种是前字变作21,后字变作53。