Relationship between imaging changes of the pancreas and islet beta-cell function

Imaging changes in the pancreas can provide valuable information about the status of islet beta-cell function in different pancreatic diseases,such as diabetes,pancreatitis,pancreatic cancer,fatty pancreas,and insulinoma.While imaging cannot directly measure beta-cell function;it can be used as a marker of disease progression and a tool to guide therapeutic interventions.As imaging techno-logies continue to advance,they will likely play an increasingly important role in diagnosing,monitoring,and managing diabetes.

Relationship between Free Thyroxine and Islet Beta-cell Function in Euthyroid Subjects

Thyroid hormones have a specific effect on glucose-induced insulin secretion from the pancreas.We aimed to investigate the association between euthyroid hormones and islet betacell function in general population and non-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients.A total of 5089 euthyroid participants(including 4601 general population and 488 non-treated T2DM patients)were identified from a cross-sectional survey on the prevalence of metabolic diseases and risk factors in East China from February 2014 to June 2016.Anthropometric indices,biochemical parameters,and thyroid hormones were measured.Compared with general population,non-treated T2DM patients exhibited higher total thyroxine(TT4)and free thyroxine(FT4)levels but lower ratio of free triiodothyronine(T3):T4(P<0.01).HOMA-βhad prominently negative correlation with FT4 and positive relationship with free T3:T4 in both groups even after adjusting for age,body mass index(BMI)and smoking.When analyzed by quartiles of FT4 or free T3:T4,there were significantly decreased trend of HOMA-β going with the higher FT4 and lower free T3:T4 in both groups.Linear regression analysis showed that FT4 but not FT3 and free T3:T4 was negatively associated with HOMA-β no matter in general population or T2DM patients,which was independent of age,BMI,smoking,hypertension and lipid profiles.FT4 is independently and negatively associated with islet beta-cell function in euthyroid subjects.Thyroid hormone even in reference range could play an important role in the function of pancreatic islets.

Antioxidant,anti-alpha-glucosidase and pancreatic beta-cell protective effects of methanolic extract of Ensete superbum Cheesm seeds

Objective: To investigate the antioxidant, anti-a-glucosidase and pancreatic b-cell protective potential of Ensete superbum(E. superbum) seeds.Methods: A variety of in vitro assays including radical scavenging, reducing power potential, phenolic content determination, a-glucosidase assay and pancreatic b-cell(1.4E7 cells) viability were employed for assessing the effect of methanolic extract of E. superbum seeds.Results: The radical scavenging and reducing power effects comparable with the standard rutin were obtained while the enzyme inhibitory activity of the extract was 68-fold better than the standard antidiabetic drug, acarbose. The seed extract of E. superbum was packed-full of polyphenols with mean percentage gallic acid equivalent value of(38.2 ± 1.8)(n = 3). The protection of pancreatic cells from massive onslaught of hydrogen peroxide was far superior to that obtained for rutin.Conclusions: The reputed antidiabetic therapeutic uses of the seeds extract of E. superbum may be justified on the basis of inhibition of carbohydrate enzymes, antioxidant effects and pancreatic b-cell protection.

Forkhead box O1 / pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 intracellular translocation is regulated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase and involved in prostaglandin E-2-induced pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction

Prostaglandin E-2(PGE(2)) is a well-known mediator of beta-cell dysfunction in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.We recently reported that down-regulation of the Akt pathway activity is implicated in PGE(2)-induced pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction.The aim of this study was to further dissect the signaling pathway of this process in pancreatic beta-cell line HIT-T15 cells and primary mouse islets.We found that PGE(2) time-dependently increased the c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK) pathway activity.JNK inhibition by the JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 reversed PGE(2)-inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin secretion(GSIS).PGE(2) induced dephosphorylation of Akt and FOXO1, leading to nuclear localization and transactivation of FOXO1.Activation of FOXO1 induced nuclear exclusion but had no obvious effect on the whole-cell protein level of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1(PDX1).However, these effects were all attenuated by JNK inhibition.Furthermore, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of dominant-negative(DN)FOXO1 abolished whereas constitutively active(CA)-FOXO1 mimicked the effects of PGE(2) on GSIS in isolated mouse islets.In addition, we demonstrated that DN-JNK1 but not DN-JNK2 or CA-Akt abolished the PGE(2)-induced AP-1 luciferase reporter activity, whereas DN-JNK1 and CA-Akt but not DN-JNK2 reversed the effect of PGE(2) on FOXO1 transcriptional activity, and overexpression of DN-JNK1 rescued PGE(2)-impaired GSIS in mouse islets.Our results revealed that activation of the JNK is involved in PGE(2)induced beta-cell dysfunction.PGE(2)-mediated JNK1 activation, through dephosphorylation of Akt and FOXO1, leads to nuclear accumulation of FOXO1 and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of PDX1, finally resulting in defective GSIS in pancreatic beta-cells.

Mannogalactoglucan from mushrooms protects pancreatic islets via restoring UPR and promotes insulin secretion in TIDM mice

Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM) lacks insulin secretion due to autoimmune deficiency of pancreaticβ-cells.Protecting pancreatic islets and enhancing insulin secretion has been therapeutic approaches.Mannogalactoglucan is the main type of polysaccharide from natural mushroom,which has potential medicinal prospects.Nevertheless,the antidiabetic property of mannogalactoglucan in T1DM has not been fully elucidated.In this study,we obtained the neutral fraction of alkali-soluble Armillaria mellea polysaccharide(AAMP-N) with the structure of mannogalactoglucan from the fruiting body of A.mellea and investigated the potential therapeutic value of AAMP-N in T1DM.We demonstrated that AAMP-N lowered blood glucose and improved diabetes symptoms in T1DM mice.AAMP-N activated unfolded protein response(UPR) signaling pathway to maintain ER protein folding homeostasis and promote insulin secretion in vivo.Besides that,AAMP-N promoted insulin synthesis via upregulating the expression of transcription factors,increased Ca^(2+) signals to stimulate intracellular insulin secretory vesicle transport via activating calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase Ⅱ(CamkⅡ) and cAMP/PKA signals,and enhanced insulin secretory vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane via vesicle-associated membrane protein 2(VAMP2).Collectively,these studies demonstrated that the therapeutic potential of AAMP-N on pancreatic islets function,indicating that mannogalactoglucan could be natural nutraceutical used for the treatment of T1DM.

小鼠Islet-1基因慢病毒表达载体的构建及其诱导C_3H_(10)T1/2细胞向心肌样细胞特异性分化

目的研究Islet-1对干细胞分化的影响。方法用PCR钓取目的基因,将目的基因与pLenO-WPI载体连接,选取阳性质粒,与辅助质粒共同感染293T细胞生产出慢病毒载体。感染C3H10T1/2细胞,实时荧光定量PCR及Western blot检测Islet-1和心肌、肝脏、骨骼及神经各系统相关标志物的表达,免疫荧光检测心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)表达部位。结果 PCR及测序显示目的片段正确插入,实验组有Islet-1表达;心肌早期发育相关基因GATA-4、MEF2C、NKx2.5在检测到荧光蛋白1周后升高,2周到达高峰,3周后可检测到心肌特异性蛋白cTnT(0.582±0.0576),其时序性表达呈随时间增强趋势;cTnT表达于胞质;肝脏系统特异性标志AFP及ALB、骨骼系统特异性标志BGP及BALP、神经系统特异性标志Nestin及GFAP均未表达。结论 Islet-1具有特异性促进干细胞向心肌样细胞分化的作用。

小鼠Islet-1基因RNAi慢病毒载体的构建

目的构建高效沉默小鼠Islet-1基因的慢病毒载体。方法针对小鼠Islet-1基因设计3个RNAi靶序列,合成相应的短发卡RNA(shRNA)寡核苷酸序列(oligo):Sh1、Sh2、Sh3,分别插入经酶切后的PLVTHM载体。经PCR和测序方法筛选阳性克隆,抽提阳性克隆质粒经大肠埃希菌扩增后,与其辅助包装质粒共同感染293T细胞制备慢病毒载体,利用斑形成试验测定病毒滴度。感染C3H10T1/2细胞株,以流式细胞仪检测其感染效率、荧光定量PCR检测其干扰效率。结果与正常C3H10T1/2细胞比较,测序及PCR结果显示目的片段插入正确;病毒滴度值为3.87×108TU/ml;慢病毒载体对C3H10T1/2细胞感染效率达90.36%;3个靶点(抑制效率分别为76.8%5、5.1%和11.7%)均有干扰效果,与正常细胞比较,Sh1靶点干扰效果最为显著(76.8%,P<0.05)。结论成功构建高效沉默Islet-1基因慢病毒载体。

Islet-1在乙酰化调控网络中特异性辅助C3H10T1/2细胞向心肌样细胞分化

目的筛选并分析转染Islet-1慢病毒载体的C3H10T1/2细胞转化为心肌样细胞过程中与Islet-1相互作用的组蛋白乙酰化酶(HATs)和组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDACs),明确Islet-1在C3H10T1/2细胞分化为心肌样细胞乙酰化调控网络中的关键枢纽作用。方法培养转染Islet-1慢病毒载体的C3H10T1/2细胞,观察细胞形态。免疫荧光和免疫印迹检测Islet-1的表达部位和最高表达时间点。免疫共沉淀与Islet-1结合的蛋白。免疫印迹验证Islet-1相互作用的HATs和HDACs。结果诱导组细胞形态出现心肌样细胞改变。各组Islet-1主要在胞质表达。诱导组Islet-1表达量在诱导后3周最高(0.782±0.015)。诱导组Islet-1表达量显著高于空白对照组和C3H10组(分别为0.819±0.026,0.127±0.006和0.126±0.001)(P<0.05),免疫共沉淀技术可行。与Islet-1相互作用的HATs和HDACs有GCN5、P300/CBP和HDAC4。结论 Islet-1与GCN5、P300/CBP和HDAC4相互作用特异性辅助C3H10T1/2细胞向心肌样细胞分化。

Preparation of Recombinant Islet Cell Autoantigen 69 kD Fusion Protein

To get recombinant antigen (Is/et Cell Autoantigen 69)ICA69 which was expressed in Escherichia coli strains (E.coli) by means of the gene engineering technique so that it can be used for early diagnosis of and screening in type Ⅰ diabetes mellitus, the cDNA fragment of human ICA69 was amplified by PCR, and then cloned into pSPORT 1 vector. After DNA sequencing, it was inserted into pGEX-2T between the sites of EcoR Ⅰ and Sma Ⅰ, then recombinant plasmid p2T-ICA69 was constructed and introduced into E.coli. The GST-ICA69 fusion protein was expressed by the induction of IPTG. The recombinant ICA69 proteins were used to detect the antibodies against hICA69 in 100 healthy subjects and type Ⅰ diabetic serum by the use of indirect ELISA. The sequence analysis showed that the amplified fragments contained 1449 bp, encoded 483 amino acids, and had been correctly inserted into pGEX-2T vector. The recombinant proteins expressed in the prokaryotic cells had immunogenicity and could be used to detect antibodies against ICA69 in type Ⅰ diabetic serum. Finally it can be concluded in this paper that the expression products obtained by the method of gene engineering are recombinant ICA69 antigen and may be used to improve the forecast rate and the diagnostic rate of type Ⅰ diabetes in combination with other tests.

Clinical study on the effect of jejunoileal side-to-side anastomosis on metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes

BACKGROUND At present,the existing internal medicine drug treatment can alleviate the high glucose toxicity of patients to a certain extent,to explore the efficacy of laparoscopic jejunoileal side to side anastomosis in the treatment of type 2 diabetes,the report is as follows.AIM To investigate the effect of jejunoileal side-to-side anastomosis on metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 78 patients with T2DM who were treated via jejunoileal lateral anastomosis.Metabolic indicators were collected preoperatively,as well as at 3 and 6 months postoperative.The metabolic indicators analyzed included body mass index(BMI),systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),fasting blood glucose(FBG),2-hour blood glucose(PBG),glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),fasting C-peptide,2-hour C-peptide(PCP),fasting insulin(Fins),2-hour insulin(Pins),insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR),βCellular function index(HOMA-β),alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,serum total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(L DL-C),triglycerides(TG),high-density lipoprotein,and uric acid(UA)levels.RESULTS SBP,DBP,PBG,HbA1c,LDL-C,and TG were all significantly lower 3 months postoperative vs preoperative values;body weight,BMI,SBP,DBP,FBG,PBG,HbA1c,TC,TG,UA,and HOMA-IR values were all significantly lower 6 months postoperative vs at 3 months;and PCP,Fins,Pins,and HOMA-βwere all significantly higher 6 months postoperative vs at 3 months(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION Side-to-side anastomosis of the jejunum and ileum can effectively treat T2DM and improve the metabolic index levels associated with it.

GFP标记胰岛及其在鼠体内不同部位移植的探索

目的基于绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)标记胰岛,建立一种简便、精准探索胰岛在大小鼠不同部位移植存活效果的方法。方法GFP腺病毒质粒转染标记分离鼠胰岛,将其移植到同系小鼠的腹腔、腹股沟皮下以及同系大鼠大网膜内,移植10 d后用便携式激发光源观察胰岛在移植部位的分布和存活情况,双硫腙(DTZ)染色液染色和倒置荧光显微镜确认胰岛,HE染色确认在移植位点的胰岛细胞团形态。结果胰岛经感染复数为100的GFP腺病毒质粒转染后再培养48 h,在荧光显微镜和便携式激发光源照射下均可见胰岛发出绿色荧光;移植200个转染GFP质粒的胰岛至小鼠腹腔、腹股沟皮下以及大鼠肠系膜内10 d后,均可发现在移植部位有发绿色荧光的胰岛组织。以小鼠腹股沟皮下移植的胰岛为例,经DTZ染色可见组织中有显红色并能表达绿色荧光的胰岛组织,经HE染色可见胰岛外形圆整。结论本研究建立了一种在动物体内探索胰岛移植存活的简便、精准方法,为初步判断该移植位点对于胰岛移植的适用性和后续进一步改进研究奠定了基础。

Islet1基因与先天性心脏病的关系

先天性心脏病是最常见的出生缺陷性疾病,严重危害婴幼儿健康。心脏发育过程中控制发育的基因突变是先天性心脏病的常见原因。近年来,越来越多的研究表明Islet1基因在心脏早期发育过程中起着至关重要的作用,该基因的突变或多态性可导致先天性心脏病的发生,现就近年来Islet1基因与先天性心脏病关系的研究进展做一综述。

Islet-1基因变异体的发现及其在神经干细胞内的表达

目的:构建大鼠Islet-1基因逆转录病毒表达载体,利用此载体将Islet-1基因转导入神经干细胞(NSC)内。方法:利用RT-PCR技术钓取大鼠Islet-1基因,将其插入到逆转录病毒载体plEGFP-C1中,利用包装细胞PA317将Islet-1基因转导入NSC内,观察Islet-1基因在NSC内的表达。结果:经PCR、酶切及荧光检测等证实,成功构建了plEGFP-C1-Islet-1表达载体,并应用免疫组化技术证明Islet-1在NSC内有表达。在实验中首次发现了Islet-1基因的变异体。结论:重组Islet-1基因逆转录病毒载体的构建为进一步探讨Islet-1基因是否参与NSC向运动神经元分化及其可能的作用机制奠定了坚实的实验基础。

间充质干细胞来源的外泌体在胰岛移植中的作用研究现状及应用前景

1型糖尿病是一种由于胰岛β细胞破坏导致的慢性自身免疫疾病,胰岛移植为1型糖尿病患者提供了一种恢复内源性胰岛素分泌的治疗方法,但由于供者短缺、移植后排斥反应损伤等问题,其广泛应用受限。间充质干细胞来源的外泌体(MSC-Exo)因其免疫调节和组织修复能力而成为胰岛移植治疗的潜在工具,且MSC-Exo具有低免疫原性、易于储存和运输的特性,以及作为药物递送载体的潜力,具有较大的应用前景。然而,将MSC-Exo转化为临床实践前需克服制备、纯化、标准化及安全性验证等挑战。因此,本文就MSC-Exo在胰岛移植中的应用及潜在优势进行综述,以期为1型糖尿病患者提供更有效、更安全的治疗方案。

Plantamajoside improves type 2 diabetes mellitus pancreaticβ-cell damage by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress through Dnajc1 up-regulation

BACKGROUND Plantamajoside(PMS)has shown potential in mitigating cell damage caused by high glucose(HG)levels.Despite this,the precise therapeutic effects of PMS on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and the underlying regulatory mechanisms require further exploration.AIM To investigate PMS therapeutic effects on T2DM in mice and elucidate its mechanisms of action through in vivo and in vitro experiments.METHODS An in vitro damage model of MIN6 cells was established using HG and palmitic acid(PA).PMS's protective effect on cell damage was assessed.Next,transcriptomics was employed to examine how PMS treatment affects gene expression of MIN6 cells.Furthermore,the effect of PMS on protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and apoptosis pathways was validated.A T2DM mouse model was used to validate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of PMS in vivo.RESULTS PMS intervention ameliorated cell injury in HG+PA-induced MIN6 cell damage.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and apoptosis pathways were enriched in cells treated with PMS,with significant downregulation of the gene Dnajc1.Further validation indicated that PMS significantly inhibited the expression of apoptosis-related factors(Bax,CytC)and endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)-related factors[ATF6,XBP1,Ddit3(CHOP),GRP78],while promoting the expression of Bcl-2 and Dnajc1.Additionally,the inhibitory effects of PMS on ERS and apoptosis were abolished upon Dnajc1 silencing.Furthermore,in vivo experiments demonstrated that PMS intervention effectively improved pancreatic damage,suppressed the expression of apoptosis-related factors(Bax,CytC),and ERS-related factors[ATF6,XBP1,Ddit3(CHOP),GRP78],while promoting the expression of Bcl-2 and Dnajc1 in a T2DM model mice.CONCLUSION PMS intervention could alleviate pancreatic tissue damage effectively.The mechanism of action involves Dnajc1 activation,which subsequently inhibits apoptosis and ERS,ameliorating damage to pancreaticβ-cells.

利拉鲁肽联合德谷胰岛素对老年肥胖T2DM患者血管内皮功能和胰岛功能的影响

目的观察利拉鲁肽联合德谷胰岛素对老年肥胖2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血管内皮功能和胰岛功能的影响。方法选择2021年1月—2023年12月武夷山市立医院接收的老年肥胖T2DM患者153例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组76例和对照组77例。对照组单用德谷胰岛素治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联合利拉鲁肽治疗。治疗12周后,比较2组血糖控制效果,治疗前后肥胖指标[体质指数(BMI)、腹围、臀围]、血管内皮功能指标[一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)]、炎性因子[白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-10(IL-10)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]、胰岛功能指标[空腹胰岛素(FINS)、空腹C肽(FCP)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)]及不良反应。结果观察组血糖控制总有效率高于对照组(98.68%vs.89.61%,χ^(2)=4.167,P=0.041)。治疗12周后,2组BMI及ET-1、VEGF、IL-6、TNF-α、FINS、FCP水平和HOMA-IR降低,腹围、臀围减小,NO、IL-10水平升高,且观察组变化幅度大于对照组(P<0.01)。观察组不良反应总发生率与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(13.16%vs.15.58%,χ^(2)=0.182,P=0.668)。结论利拉鲁肽联合德谷胰岛素治疗老年肥胖T2DM患者,能显著提高血糖控制效果,降低患者体质量,减轻血管内皮损伤,调节炎性因子表达,改善胰岛功能,且未发生严重不良反应,安全性高。

Islet-1诱导C_3H_(10)T1/2细胞向心肌样细胞分化过程中对心肌特异蛋白基因上组蛋白乙酰化的促进作用

目的研究Islet-1诱导C3H10T1/2细胞定向分化为心肌样细胞过程中表达增加的心肌特异蛋白基因GATA4、NKX2.5、MEF2c上组蛋白乙酰化水平的变化情况。方法 Islet-1基因慢病毒感染小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞C3H10,Western blot检测转染后乙酰化的组蛋白H3表达情况,逆转录及实时荧光定量PCR时序性检测出心肌特异性蛋白基因GATA4、NKX2.5、MEF2c的mRNA表达达高峰的时间点,采用染色质免疫共沉淀技术(chromatin immunoprecipitation,CHIP),用CHIP级乙酰化H3抗体免疫沉淀与其所结合的DNA,采用实时荧光定量PCR扩增抗体所富集的心肌特异性蛋白基因GATA4、NKX2.5、MEF2c启动子区域的DNA量,比较感染组和未感染组与抗体所结合的上述3种心肌特异蛋白基因的表达情况。结果感染高表达Islet-1的C3H10T1/2细胞组蛋白H3的乙酰化水平较未感染组升高3.04倍(P<0.05),在心肌特异性蛋白基因GATA4、NKX2.5、MEF2C的mRNA表达达高峰的2周时间点,乙酰化的H3抗体所结合的心肌特异性蛋白基因GATA4、NKX2.5、MEF2c与未转染Islet-1的细胞组相比较,表达增加(P<0.05)。结论高表达Is-let-1之后C3H10T1/2细胞定向分化为心肌样细胞过程中表达增加的心肌特异蛋白基因上组蛋白乙酰化水平增高。

Pancreatic islet transplantation

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease,which results in the permanent destruction of β-cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans.While exogenous insulin therapy has dramatically improved the quality of life,chronic diabetic complications develop in a substantial proportion of subjects and these complications generally progress and worsen over time.Although intensive insulin therapy has proven effective to delay and sometimes prevent the progression of complications such as nephropathy,neuropathy or retinopathy,it is difficult to achieve and maintain long term in most subjects.Reasons for this diff iculty include compliance issues and the increased risk of severe hypoglycemic episodes,which are generally associated with intensification of exogenous insulin therapy.Clinical studies have shown that transplantation of pancreas or purified pancreatic islets can support glucose homeostasis in type 1 diabetic patients.Islet transplantation carries the special advantages of being less invasive and resulting in fewer complications compared with the traditional pancreas or pancreas-kidney transplantation.However,islet transplantation efforts have limitations including the short supply of donor pancreata,the paucity of experienced islet isolation teams,side effects of immunosuppressants and poor long-term results.The purpose of this article is to review recent progress in clinical islet transplantation for the treatment of diabetes.

盐酸二甲双胍与阿卡波糖对糖尿病患者的治疗效果对比

目的对比分析盐酸二甲双胍与阿卡波糖对糖尿病患者的治疗效果。方法选取华侨大学医院102例2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者资料,将采用阿卡波糖治疗的51例患者列为观察组,将采用盐酸二甲双胍治疗的51例患者列为对照组。比较两组疗效、血糖指标(空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、餐后2 h血糖)、胰岛功能指标(胰岛素抵抗指数、胰岛β细胞功能指数)、血脂指标[三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)]及不良反应。结果对照组总有效率与观察组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对照组治疗后空腹血糖、TG、TC低于观察组,餐后2 h血糖、HDL-C高于观察组(P<0.05)。两组糖化血红蛋白、胰岛素抵抗指数、胰岛β细胞功能指数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对照组不良反应总发生率与观察组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论盐酸二甲双胍与阿卡波糖应用于T2DM患者治疗均可有效降低血糖,改善胰岛功能,且安全性高,其中盐酸二甲双胍在控制空腹血糖、改善血脂方面更具优势,阿卡波糖在控制餐后2 h血糖方面更具优势。